// Copyright 2017 The Dawn Authors
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

#include "dawn_native/d3d12/DeviceD3D12.h"

#include "common/Assert.h"
#include "dawn_native/BackendConnection.h"
#include "dawn_native/ErrorData.h"
#include "dawn_native/Format.h"
#include "dawn_native/Instance.h"
#include "dawn_native/d3d12/AdapterD3D12.h"
#include "dawn_native/d3d12/BackendD3D12.h"
#include "dawn_native/d3d12/BindGroupD3D12.h"
#include "dawn_native/d3d12/BindGroupLayoutD3D12.h"
#include "dawn_native/d3d12/BufferD3D12.h"
#include "dawn_native/d3d12/CommandAllocatorManager.h"
#include "dawn_native/d3d12/CommandBufferD3D12.h"
#include "dawn_native/d3d12/ComputePipelineD3D12.h"
#include "dawn_native/d3d12/D3D12Error.h"
#include "dawn_native/d3d12/PipelineLayoutD3D12.h"
#include "dawn_native/d3d12/PlatformFunctions.h"
#include "dawn_native/d3d12/QuerySetD3D12.h"
#include "dawn_native/d3d12/QueueD3D12.h"
#include "dawn_native/d3d12/RenderPipelineD3D12.h"
#include "dawn_native/d3d12/ResidencyManagerD3D12.h"
#include "dawn_native/d3d12/ResourceAllocatorManagerD3D12.h"
#include "dawn_native/d3d12/SamplerD3D12.h"
#include "dawn_native/d3d12/SamplerHeapCacheD3D12.h"
#include "dawn_native/d3d12/ShaderModuleD3D12.h"
#include "dawn_native/d3d12/ShaderVisibleDescriptorAllocatorD3D12.h"
#include "dawn_native/d3d12/StagingBufferD3D12.h"
#include "dawn_native/d3d12/StagingDescriptorAllocatorD3D12.h"
#include "dawn_native/d3d12/SwapChainD3D12.h"
#include "dawn_native/d3d12/TextureD3D12.h"
#include "dawn_native/d3d12/UtilsD3D12.h"

#include <sstream>

namespace dawn_native { namespace d3d12 {

    // TODO(dawn:155): Figure out these values.
    static constexpr uint16_t kShaderVisibleDescriptorHeapSize = 1024;
    static constexpr uint8_t kAttachmentDescriptorHeapSize = 64;

    static constexpr uint64_t kMaxDebugMessagesToPrint = 5;

    // static
    ResultOrError<Device*> Device::Create(Adapter* adapter, const DeviceDescriptor* descriptor) {
        Ref<Device> device = AcquireRef(new Device(adapter, descriptor));
        DAWN_TRY(device->Initialize());
        return device.Detach();
    }

    MaybeError Device::Initialize() {
        InitTogglesFromDriver();

        mD3d12Device = ToBackend(GetAdapter())->GetDevice();

        ASSERT(mD3d12Device != nullptr);

        // Create device-global objects
        D3D12_COMMAND_QUEUE_DESC queueDesc = {};
        queueDesc.Flags = D3D12_COMMAND_QUEUE_FLAG_NONE;
        queueDesc.Type = D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_DIRECT;
        DAWN_TRY(
            CheckHRESULT(mD3d12Device->CreateCommandQueue(&queueDesc, IID_PPV_ARGS(&mCommandQueue)),
                         "D3D12 create command queue"));

        // If PIX is not attached, the QueryInterface fails. Hence, no need to check the return
        // value.
        mCommandQueue.As(&mD3d12SharingContract);

        DAWN_TRY(
            CheckHRESULT(mD3d12Device->CreateFence(GetLastSubmittedCommandSerial(),
                                                   D3D12_FENCE_FLAG_NONE, IID_PPV_ARGS(&mFence)),
                         "D3D12 create fence"));

        mFenceEvent = CreateEvent(nullptr, FALSE, FALSE, nullptr);
        ASSERT(mFenceEvent != nullptr);

        // Initialize backend services
        mCommandAllocatorManager = std::make_unique<CommandAllocatorManager>(this);

        // Zero sized allocator is never requested and does not need to exist.
        for (uint32_t countIndex = 0; countIndex < kNumViewDescriptorAllocators; countIndex++) {
            mViewAllocators[countIndex + 1] = std::make_unique<StagingDescriptorAllocator>(
                this, 1u << countIndex, kShaderVisibleDescriptorHeapSize,
                D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_TYPE_CBV_SRV_UAV);
        }

        for (uint32_t countIndex = 0; countIndex < kNumSamplerDescriptorAllocators; countIndex++) {
            mSamplerAllocators[countIndex + 1] = std::make_unique<StagingDescriptorAllocator>(
                this, 1u << countIndex, kShaderVisibleDescriptorHeapSize,
                D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_TYPE_SAMPLER);
        }

        mRenderTargetViewAllocator = std::make_unique<StagingDescriptorAllocator>(
            this, 1, kAttachmentDescriptorHeapSize, D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_TYPE_RTV);

        mDepthStencilViewAllocator = std::make_unique<StagingDescriptorAllocator>(
            this, 1, kAttachmentDescriptorHeapSize, D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_TYPE_DSV);

        mSamplerHeapCache = std::make_unique<SamplerHeapCache>(this);

        mResidencyManager = std::make_unique<ResidencyManager>(this);
        mResourceAllocatorManager = std::make_unique<ResourceAllocatorManager>(this);

        // ShaderVisibleDescriptorAllocators use the ResidencyManager and must be initialized after.
        DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(
            mSamplerShaderVisibleDescriptorAllocator,
            ShaderVisibleDescriptorAllocator::Create(this, D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_TYPE_SAMPLER));

        DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(
            mViewShaderVisibleDescriptorAllocator,
            ShaderVisibleDescriptorAllocator::Create(this, D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_TYPE_CBV_SRV_UAV));

        // Initialize indirect commands
        D3D12_INDIRECT_ARGUMENT_DESC argumentDesc = {};
        argumentDesc.Type = D3D12_INDIRECT_ARGUMENT_TYPE_DISPATCH;

        D3D12_COMMAND_SIGNATURE_DESC programDesc = {};
        programDesc.ByteStride = 3 * sizeof(uint32_t);
        programDesc.NumArgumentDescs = 1;
        programDesc.pArgumentDescs = &argumentDesc;

        GetD3D12Device()->CreateCommandSignature(&programDesc, NULL,
                                                 IID_PPV_ARGS(&mDispatchIndirectSignature));

        argumentDesc.Type = D3D12_INDIRECT_ARGUMENT_TYPE_DRAW;
        programDesc.ByteStride = 4 * sizeof(uint32_t);

        GetD3D12Device()->CreateCommandSignature(&programDesc, NULL,
                                                 IID_PPV_ARGS(&mDrawIndirectSignature));

        argumentDesc.Type = D3D12_INDIRECT_ARGUMENT_TYPE_DRAW_INDEXED;
        programDesc.ByteStride = 5 * sizeof(uint32_t);

        GetD3D12Device()->CreateCommandSignature(&programDesc, NULL,
                                                 IID_PPV_ARGS(&mDrawIndexedIndirectSignature));

        DAWN_TRY(DeviceBase::Initialize(new Queue(this)));
        // Device shouldn't be used until after DeviceBase::Initialize so we must wait until after
        // device initialization to call NextSerial
        DAWN_TRY(NextSerial());
        return {};
    }

    Device::~Device() {
        ShutDownBase();
    }

    ID3D12Device* Device::GetD3D12Device() const {
        return mD3d12Device.Get();
    }

    ComPtr<ID3D12CommandQueue> Device::GetCommandQueue() const {
        return mCommandQueue;
    }

    ID3D12SharingContract* Device::GetSharingContract() const {
        return mD3d12SharingContract.Get();
    }

    ComPtr<ID3D12CommandSignature> Device::GetDispatchIndirectSignature() const {
        return mDispatchIndirectSignature;
    }

    ComPtr<ID3D12CommandSignature> Device::GetDrawIndirectSignature() const {
        return mDrawIndirectSignature;
    }

    ComPtr<ID3D12CommandSignature> Device::GetDrawIndexedIndirectSignature() const {
        return mDrawIndexedIndirectSignature;
    }

    ComPtr<IDXGIFactory4> Device::GetFactory() const {
        return ToBackend(GetAdapter())->GetBackend()->GetFactory();
    }

    ResultOrError<IDxcLibrary*> Device::GetOrCreateDxcLibrary() const {
        return ToBackend(GetAdapter())->GetBackend()->GetOrCreateDxcLibrary();
    }

    ResultOrError<IDxcCompiler*> Device::GetOrCreateDxcCompiler() const {
        return ToBackend(GetAdapter())->GetBackend()->GetOrCreateDxcCompiler();
    }

    const PlatformFunctions* Device::GetFunctions() const {
        return ToBackend(GetAdapter())->GetBackend()->GetFunctions();
    }

    CommandAllocatorManager* Device::GetCommandAllocatorManager() const {
        return mCommandAllocatorManager.get();
    }

    ResidencyManager* Device::GetResidencyManager() const {
        return mResidencyManager.get();
    }

    ResultOrError<CommandRecordingContext*> Device::GetPendingCommandContext() {
        // Callers of GetPendingCommandList do so to record commands. Only reserve a command
        // allocator when it is needed so we don't submit empty command lists
        if (!mPendingCommands.IsOpen()) {
            DAWN_TRY(mPendingCommands.Open(mD3d12Device.Get(), mCommandAllocatorManager.get()));
        }
        return &mPendingCommands;
    }

    MaybeError Device::TickImpl() {
        // Perform cleanup operations to free unused objects
        Serial completedSerial = GetCompletedCommandSerial();

        mResourceAllocatorManager->Tick(completedSerial);
        DAWN_TRY(mCommandAllocatorManager->Tick(completedSerial));
        mViewShaderVisibleDescriptorAllocator->Tick(completedSerial);
        mSamplerShaderVisibleDescriptorAllocator->Tick(completedSerial);
        mRenderTargetViewAllocator->Tick(completedSerial);
        mDepthStencilViewAllocator->Tick(completedSerial);
        mUsedComObjectRefs.ClearUpTo(completedSerial);
        DAWN_TRY(ExecutePendingCommandContext());
        DAWN_TRY(NextSerial());

        DAWN_TRY(CheckDebugLayerAndGenerateErrors());

        return {};
    }

    MaybeError Device::NextSerial() {
        IncrementLastSubmittedCommandSerial();

        return CheckHRESULT(mCommandQueue->Signal(mFence.Get(), GetLastSubmittedCommandSerial()),
                            "D3D12 command queue signal fence");
    }

    MaybeError Device::WaitForSerial(uint64_t serial) {
        CheckPassedSerials();
        if (GetCompletedCommandSerial() < serial) {
            DAWN_TRY(CheckHRESULT(mFence->SetEventOnCompletion(serial, mFenceEvent),
                                  "D3D12 set event on completion"));
            WaitForSingleObject(mFenceEvent, INFINITE);
            CheckPassedSerials();
        }
        return {};
    }

    Serial Device::CheckAndUpdateCompletedSerials() {
        return mFence->GetCompletedValue();
    }

    void Device::ReferenceUntilUnused(ComPtr<IUnknown> object) {
        mUsedComObjectRefs.Enqueue(object, GetPendingCommandSerial());
    }

    MaybeError Device::ExecutePendingCommandContext() {
        return mPendingCommands.ExecuteCommandList(this);
    }

    ResultOrError<BindGroupBase*> Device::CreateBindGroupImpl(
        const BindGroupDescriptor* descriptor) {
        return BindGroup::Create(this, descriptor);
    }
    ResultOrError<BindGroupLayoutBase*> Device::CreateBindGroupLayoutImpl(
        const BindGroupLayoutDescriptor* descriptor) {
        return new BindGroupLayout(this, descriptor);
    }
    ResultOrError<Ref<BufferBase>> Device::CreateBufferImpl(const BufferDescriptor* descriptor) {
        Ref<Buffer> buffer = AcquireRef(new Buffer(this, descriptor));
        DAWN_TRY(buffer->Initialize(descriptor->mappedAtCreation));
        return std::move(buffer);
    }
    CommandBufferBase* Device::CreateCommandBuffer(CommandEncoder* encoder,
                                                   const CommandBufferDescriptor* descriptor) {
        return new CommandBuffer(encoder, descriptor);
    }
    ResultOrError<ComputePipelineBase*> Device::CreateComputePipelineImpl(
        const ComputePipelineDescriptor* descriptor) {
        return ComputePipeline::Create(this, descriptor);
    }
    ResultOrError<PipelineLayoutBase*> Device::CreatePipelineLayoutImpl(
        const PipelineLayoutDescriptor* descriptor) {
        return PipelineLayout::Create(this, descriptor);
    }
    ResultOrError<QuerySetBase*> Device::CreateQuerySetImpl(const QuerySetDescriptor* descriptor) {
        return QuerySet::Create(this, descriptor);
    }
    ResultOrError<RenderPipelineBase*> Device::CreateRenderPipelineImpl(
        const RenderPipelineDescriptor* descriptor) {
        return RenderPipeline::Create(this, descriptor);
    }
    ResultOrError<SamplerBase*> Device::CreateSamplerImpl(const SamplerDescriptor* descriptor) {
        return new Sampler(this, descriptor);
    }
    ResultOrError<ShaderModuleBase*> Device::CreateShaderModuleImpl(
        const ShaderModuleDescriptor* descriptor) {
        return ShaderModule::Create(this, descriptor);
    }
    ResultOrError<SwapChainBase*> Device::CreateSwapChainImpl(
        const SwapChainDescriptor* descriptor) {
        return new SwapChain(this, descriptor);
    }
    ResultOrError<NewSwapChainBase*> Device::CreateSwapChainImpl(
        Surface* surface,
        NewSwapChainBase* previousSwapChain,
        const SwapChainDescriptor* descriptor) {
        return DAWN_VALIDATION_ERROR("New swapchains not implemented.");
    }
    ResultOrError<Ref<TextureBase>> Device::CreateTextureImpl(const TextureDescriptor* descriptor) {
        return Texture::Create(this, descriptor);
    }
    ResultOrError<TextureViewBase*> Device::CreateTextureViewImpl(
        TextureBase* texture,
        const TextureViewDescriptor* descriptor) {
        return new TextureView(texture, descriptor);
    }

    ResultOrError<std::unique_ptr<StagingBufferBase>> Device::CreateStagingBuffer(size_t size) {
        std::unique_ptr<StagingBufferBase> stagingBuffer =
            std::make_unique<StagingBuffer>(size, this);
        DAWN_TRY(stagingBuffer->Initialize());
        return std::move(stagingBuffer);
    }

    MaybeError Device::CopyFromStagingToBuffer(StagingBufferBase* source,
                                               uint64_t sourceOffset,
                                               BufferBase* destination,
                                               uint64_t destinationOffset,
                                               uint64_t size) {
        CommandRecordingContext* commandRecordingContext;
        DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(commandRecordingContext, GetPendingCommandContext());

        Buffer* dstBuffer = ToBackend(destination);

        DAWN_TRY(dstBuffer->EnsureDataInitializedAsDestination(commandRecordingContext,
                                                               destinationOffset, size));

        CopyFromStagingToBufferImpl(commandRecordingContext, source, sourceOffset, destination,
                                    destinationOffset, size);

        return {};
    }

    void Device::CopyFromStagingToBufferImpl(CommandRecordingContext* commandContext,
                                             StagingBufferBase* source,
                                             uint64_t sourceOffset,
                                             BufferBase* destination,
                                             uint64_t destinationOffset,
                                             uint64_t size) {
        ASSERT(commandContext != nullptr);
        Buffer* dstBuffer = ToBackend(destination);
        StagingBuffer* srcBuffer = ToBackend(source);
        dstBuffer->TrackUsageAndTransitionNow(commandContext, wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst);

        commandContext->GetCommandList()->CopyBufferRegion(
            dstBuffer->GetD3D12Resource(), destinationOffset, srcBuffer->GetResource(),
            sourceOffset, size);
    }

    MaybeError Device::CopyFromStagingToTexture(const StagingBufferBase* source,
                                                const TextureDataLayout& src,
                                                TextureCopy* dst,
                                                const Extent3D& copySizePixels) {
        CommandRecordingContext* commandContext;
        DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(commandContext, GetPendingCommandContext());
        Texture* texture = ToBackend(dst->texture.Get());
        ASSERT(texture->GetDimension() == wgpu::TextureDimension::e2D);

        SubresourceRange range = GetSubresourcesAffectedByCopy(*dst, copySizePixels);

        if (IsCompleteSubresourceCopiedTo(texture, copySizePixels, dst->mipLevel)) {
            texture->SetIsSubresourceContentInitialized(true, range);
        } else {
            texture->EnsureSubresourceContentInitialized(commandContext, range);
        }

        texture->TrackUsageAndTransitionNow(commandContext, wgpu::TextureUsage::CopyDst, range);

        // compute the copySplits and record the CopyTextureRegion commands
        CopyBufferToTextureWithCopySplit(commandContext, *dst, copySizePixels, texture,
                                         ToBackend(source)->GetResource(), src.offset,
                                         src.bytesPerRow, src.rowsPerImage, range.aspects);

        return {};
    }

    void Device::DeallocateMemory(ResourceHeapAllocation& allocation) {
        mResourceAllocatorManager->DeallocateMemory(allocation);
    }

    ResultOrError<ResourceHeapAllocation> Device::AllocateMemory(
        D3D12_HEAP_TYPE heapType,
        const D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC& resourceDescriptor,
        D3D12_RESOURCE_STATES initialUsage) {
        return mResourceAllocatorManager->AllocateMemory(heapType, resourceDescriptor,
                                                         initialUsage);
    }

    Ref<TextureBase> Device::WrapSharedHandle(const ExternalImageDescriptor* descriptor,
                                              HANDLE sharedHandle,
                                              uint64_t acquireMutexKey,
                                              bool isSwapChainTexture) {
        Ref<TextureBase> dawnTexture;
        if (ConsumedError(Texture::Create(this, descriptor, sharedHandle, acquireMutexKey,
                                          isSwapChainTexture),
                          &dawnTexture))
            return nullptr;

        return dawnTexture;
    }

    // We use IDXGIKeyedMutexes to synchronize access between D3D11 and D3D12. D3D11/12 fences
    // are a viable alternative but are, unfortunately, not available on all versions of Windows
    // 10. Since D3D12 does not directly support keyed mutexes, we need to wrap the D3D12
    // resource using 11on12 and QueryInterface the D3D11 representation for the keyed mutex.
    ResultOrError<ComPtr<IDXGIKeyedMutex>> Device::CreateKeyedMutexForTexture(
        ID3D12Resource* d3d12Resource) {
        if (mD3d11On12Device == nullptr) {
            ComPtr<ID3D11Device> d3d11Device;
            ComPtr<ID3D11DeviceContext> d3d11DeviceContext;
            D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL d3dFeatureLevel;
            IUnknown* const iUnknownQueue = mCommandQueue.Get();
            DAWN_TRY(CheckHRESULT(GetFunctions()->d3d11on12CreateDevice(
                                      mD3d12Device.Get(), 0, nullptr, 0, &iUnknownQueue, 1, 1,
                                      &d3d11Device, &d3d11DeviceContext, &d3dFeatureLevel),
                                  "D3D12 11on12 device create"));

            ComPtr<ID3D11On12Device> d3d11on12Device;
            DAWN_TRY(CheckHRESULT(d3d11Device.As(&d3d11on12Device),
                                  "D3D12 QueryInterface ID3D11Device to ID3D11On12Device"));

            ComPtr<ID3D11DeviceContext2> d3d11DeviceContext2;
            DAWN_TRY(
                CheckHRESULT(d3d11DeviceContext.As(&d3d11DeviceContext2),
                             "D3D12 QueryInterface ID3D11DeviceContext to ID3D11DeviceContext2"));

            mD3d11On12DeviceContext = std::move(d3d11DeviceContext2);
            mD3d11On12Device = std::move(d3d11on12Device);
        }

        ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> d3d11Texture;
        D3D11_RESOURCE_FLAGS resourceFlags;
        resourceFlags.BindFlags = 0;
        resourceFlags.MiscFlags = D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_SHARED_KEYEDMUTEX;
        resourceFlags.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
        resourceFlags.StructureByteStride = 0;
        DAWN_TRY(CheckHRESULT(mD3d11On12Device->CreateWrappedResource(
                                  d3d12Resource, &resourceFlags, D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COMMON,
                                  D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COMMON, IID_PPV_ARGS(&d3d11Texture)),
                              "D3D12 creating a wrapped resource"));

        ComPtr<IDXGIKeyedMutex> dxgiKeyedMutex;
        DAWN_TRY(CheckHRESULT(d3d11Texture.As(&dxgiKeyedMutex),
                              "D3D12 QueryInterface ID3D11Texture2D to IDXGIKeyedMutex"));

        return std::move(dxgiKeyedMutex);
    }

    void Device::ReleaseKeyedMutexForTexture(ComPtr<IDXGIKeyedMutex> dxgiKeyedMutex) {
        ComPtr<ID3D11Resource> d3d11Resource;
        HRESULT hr = dxgiKeyedMutex.As(&d3d11Resource);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            return;
        }

        ID3D11Resource* d3d11ResourceRaw = d3d11Resource.Get();
        mD3d11On12Device->ReleaseWrappedResources(&d3d11ResourceRaw, 1);

        d3d11Resource.Reset();
        dxgiKeyedMutex.Reset();

        // 11on12 has a bug where D3D12 resources used only for keyed shared mutexes
        // are not released until work is submitted to the device context and flushed.
        // The most minimal work we can get away with is issuing a TiledResourceBarrier.

        // ID3D11DeviceContext2 is available in Win8.1 and above. This suffices for a
        // D3D12 backend since both D3D12 and 11on12 first appeared in Windows 10.
        mD3d11On12DeviceContext->TiledResourceBarrier(nullptr, nullptr);
        mD3d11On12DeviceContext->Flush();
    }

    const D3D12DeviceInfo& Device::GetDeviceInfo() const {
        return ToBackend(GetAdapter())->GetDeviceInfo();
    }

    void Device::InitTogglesFromDriver() {
        const bool useResourceHeapTier2 = (GetDeviceInfo().resourceHeapTier >= 2);
        SetToggle(Toggle::UseD3D12ResourceHeapTier2, useResourceHeapTier2);
        SetToggle(Toggle::UseD3D12RenderPass, GetDeviceInfo().supportsRenderPass);
        SetToggle(Toggle::UseD3D12ResidencyManagement, true);
        SetToggle(Toggle::UseDXC, false);

        // By default use the maximum shader-visible heap size allowed.
        SetToggle(Toggle::UseD3D12SmallShaderVisibleHeapForTesting, false);
    }

    MaybeError Device::WaitForIdleForDestruction() {
        // Immediately forget about all pending commands
        mPendingCommands.Release();

        DAWN_TRY(NextSerial());
        // Wait for all in-flight commands to finish executing
        DAWN_TRY(WaitForSerial(GetLastSubmittedCommandSerial()));

        return {};
    }

    MaybeError Device::CheckDebugLayerAndGenerateErrors() {
        if (!GetAdapter()->GetInstance()->IsBackendValidationEnabled()) {
            return {};
        }

        ComPtr<ID3D12InfoQueue> infoQueue;
        ASSERT_SUCCESS(mD3d12Device.As(&infoQueue));
        uint64_t totalErrors = infoQueue->GetNumStoredMessagesAllowedByRetrievalFilter();

        // Check if any errors have occurred otherwise we would be creating an empty error. Note
        // that we use GetNumStoredMessagesAllowedByRetrievalFilter instead of GetNumStoredMessages
        // because we only convert WARNINGS or higher messages to dawn errors.
        if (totalErrors == 0) {
            return {};
        }

        std::ostringstream messages;
        uint64_t errorsToPrint = std::min(kMaxDebugMessagesToPrint, totalErrors);
        for (uint64_t i = 0; i < errorsToPrint; ++i) {
            SIZE_T messageLength = 0;
            HRESULT hr = infoQueue->GetMessage(i, nullptr, &messageLength);
            if (FAILED(hr)) {
                messages << " ID3D12InfoQueue::GetMessage failed with " << hr << '\n';
                continue;
            }

            std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> messageData(new uint8_t[messageLength]);
            D3D12_MESSAGE* message = reinterpret_cast<D3D12_MESSAGE*>(messageData.get());
            hr = infoQueue->GetMessage(i, message, &messageLength);
            if (FAILED(hr)) {
                messages << " ID3D12InfoQueue::GetMessage failed with " << hr << '\n';
                continue;
            }

            messages << message->pDescription << " (" << message->ID << ")\n";
        }
        if (errorsToPrint < totalErrors) {
            messages << (totalErrors - errorsToPrint) << " messages silenced\n";
        }
        // We only print up to the first kMaxDebugMessagesToPrint errors
        infoQueue->ClearStoredMessages();

        return DAWN_INTERNAL_ERROR(messages.str());
    }

    void Device::ShutDownImpl() {
        ASSERT(GetState() == State::Disconnected);

        // Immediately forget about all pending commands for the case where device is lost on its
        // own and WaitForIdleForDestruction isn't called.
        mPendingCommands.Release();

        if (mFenceEvent != nullptr) {
            ::CloseHandle(mFenceEvent);
        }

        // Release recycled resource heaps.
        if (mResourceAllocatorManager != nullptr) {
            mResourceAllocatorManager->DestroyPool();
        }

        // We need to handle clearing up com object refs that were enqeued after TickImpl
        mUsedComObjectRefs.ClearUpTo(std::numeric_limits<Serial>::max());

        ASSERT(mUsedComObjectRefs.Empty());
        ASSERT(!mPendingCommands.IsOpen());
    }

    ShaderVisibleDescriptorAllocator* Device::GetViewShaderVisibleDescriptorAllocator() const {
        return mViewShaderVisibleDescriptorAllocator.get();
    }

    ShaderVisibleDescriptorAllocator* Device::GetSamplerShaderVisibleDescriptorAllocator() const {
        return mSamplerShaderVisibleDescriptorAllocator.get();
    }

    StagingDescriptorAllocator* Device::GetViewStagingDescriptorAllocator(
        uint32_t descriptorCount) const {
        ASSERT(descriptorCount <= kMaxViewDescriptorsPerBindGroup);
        // This is Log2 of the next power of two, plus 1.
        uint32_t allocatorIndex = descriptorCount == 0 ? 0 : Log2Ceil(descriptorCount) + 1;
        return mViewAllocators[allocatorIndex].get();
    }

    StagingDescriptorAllocator* Device::GetSamplerStagingDescriptorAllocator(
        uint32_t descriptorCount) const {
        ASSERT(descriptorCount <= kMaxSamplerDescriptorsPerBindGroup);
        // This is Log2 of the next power of two, plus 1.
        uint32_t allocatorIndex = descriptorCount == 0 ? 0 : Log2Ceil(descriptorCount) + 1;
        return mSamplerAllocators[allocatorIndex].get();
    }

    StagingDescriptorAllocator* Device::GetRenderTargetViewAllocator() const {
        return mRenderTargetViewAllocator.get();
    }

    StagingDescriptorAllocator* Device::GetDepthStencilViewAllocator() const {
        return mDepthStencilViewAllocator.get();
    }

    SamplerHeapCache* Device::GetSamplerHeapCache() {
        return mSamplerHeapCache.get();
    }

    uint32_t Device::GetOptimalBytesPerRowAlignment() const {
        return D3D12_TEXTURE_DATA_PITCH_ALIGNMENT;
    }

    // TODO(dawn:512): Once we optimize DynamicUploader allocation with offsets we
    // should make this return D3D12_TEXTURE_DATA_PLACEMENT_ALIGNMENT = 512.
    // Current implementations would try to allocate additional 511 bytes,
    // so we return 1 and let ComputeTextureCopySplits take care of the alignment.
    uint64_t Device::GetOptimalBufferToTextureCopyOffsetAlignment() const {
        return 1;
    }

}}  // namespace dawn_native::d3d12