diff --git a/src/common/SystemUtils.cpp b/src/common/SystemUtils.cpp
index 73aa4ee..f8282eb 100644
--- a/src/common/SystemUtils.cpp
+++ b/src/common/SystemUtils.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 #include "common/SystemUtils.h"
 
+#include "common/Assert.h"
+
 #if defined(DAWN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
 #    include <Windows.h>
 #    include <vector>
@@ -115,3 +117,27 @@
     size_t lastPathSepLoc = exePath.find_last_of(GetPathSeparator());
     return lastPathSepLoc != std::string::npos ? exePath.substr(0, lastPathSepLoc + 1) : "";
 }
+
+// ScopedEnvironmentVar
+
+ScopedEnvironmentVar::ScopedEnvironmentVar(const char* variableName, const char* value)
+    : mName(variableName),
+      mOriginalValue(GetEnvironmentVar(variableName)),
+      mIsSet(SetEnvironmentVar(variableName, value)) {
+}
+
+ScopedEnvironmentVar::~ScopedEnvironmentVar() {
+    if (mIsSet) {
+        bool success = SetEnvironmentVar(mName.c_str(), mOriginalValue.c_str());
+        // If we set the environment variable in the constructor, we should never fail restoring it.
+        ASSERT(success);
+    }
+}
+
+bool ScopedEnvironmentVar::Set(const char* variableName, const char* value) {
+    ASSERT(!mIsSet);
+    mName = variableName;
+    mOriginalValue = GetEnvironmentVar(variableName);
+    mIsSet = SetEnvironmentVar(variableName, value);
+    return mIsSet;
+}
diff --git a/src/common/SystemUtils.h b/src/common/SystemUtils.h
index 2edf1e3..ed18c31 100644
--- a/src/common/SystemUtils.h
+++ b/src/common/SystemUtils.h
@@ -24,4 +24,21 @@
 bool SetEnvironmentVar(const char* variableName, const char* value);
 std::string GetExecutableDirectory();
 
+class ScopedEnvironmentVar {
+  public:
+    ScopedEnvironmentVar() = default;
+    ScopedEnvironmentVar(const char* variableName, const char* value);
+    ~ScopedEnvironmentVar();
+
+    ScopedEnvironmentVar(const ScopedEnvironmentVar& rhs) = delete;
+    ScopedEnvironmentVar& operator=(const ScopedEnvironmentVar& rhs) = delete;
+
+    bool Set(const char* variableName, const char* value);
+
+  private:
+    std::string mName;
+    std::string mOriginalValue;
+    bool mIsSet = false;
+};
+
 #endif  // COMMON_SYSTEMUTILS_H_
diff --git a/src/dawn_native/vulkan/BackendVk.cpp b/src/dawn_native/vulkan/BackendVk.cpp
index eef62e8..fe9eba6 100644
--- a/src/dawn_native/vulkan/BackendVk.cpp
+++ b/src/dawn_native/vulkan/BackendVk.cpp
@@ -109,14 +109,16 @@
     MaybeError Backend::Initialize(bool useSwiftshader) {
         DAWN_TRY(LoadVulkan(useSwiftshader));
 
-        // TODO(crbug.com/dawn/406): In order to not modify the environment variables of
-        // the rest of an application embedding Dawn, we should set these only
-        // in the scope of this function. See ANGLE's ScopedVkLoaderEnvironment
+        // These environment variables need only be set while loading procs and gathering device
+        // info.
+        ScopedEnvironmentVar vkICDFilenames;
+        ScopedEnvironmentVar vkLayerPath;
+
         if (useSwiftshader) {
 #if defined(DAWN_SWIFTSHADER_VK_ICD_JSON)
             std::string fullSwiftshaderICDPath =
                 GetExecutableDirectory() + DAWN_SWIFTSHADER_VK_ICD_JSON;
-            if (!SetEnvironmentVar("VK_ICD_FILENAMES", fullSwiftshaderICDPath.c_str())) {
+            if (!vkICDFilenames.Set("VK_ICD_FILENAMES", fullSwiftshaderICDPath.c_str())) {
                 return DAWN_INTERNAL_ERROR("Couldn't set VK_ICD_FILENAMES");
             }
 #else
@@ -128,7 +130,7 @@
         if (GetInstance()->IsBackendValidationEnabled()) {
 #if defined(DAWN_ENABLE_VULKAN_VALIDATION_LAYERS)
             std::string vkDataDir = GetExecutableDirectory() + DAWN_VK_DATA_DIR;
-            if (!SetEnvironmentVar("VK_LAYER_PATH", vkDataDir.c_str())) {
+            if (!vkLayerPath.Set("VK_LAYER_PATH", vkDataDir.c_str())) {
                 return DAWN_INTERNAL_ERROR("Couldn't set VK_LAYER_PATH");
             }
 #else
diff --git a/src/tests/unittests/SystemUtilsTests.cpp b/src/tests/unittests/SystemUtilsTests.cpp
index 540f4ef..3730f45 100644
--- a/src/tests/unittests/SystemUtilsTests.cpp
+++ b/src/tests/unittests/SystemUtilsTests.cpp
@@ -39,3 +39,48 @@
     // Test last charecter in path
     ASSERT_EQ(GetExecutableDirectory().back(), *GetPathSeparator());
 }
+
+// Tests for ScopedEnvironmentVar
+TEST(SystemUtilsTests, ScopedEnvironmentVar) {
+    SetEnvironmentVar("ScopedEnvironmentVarForTest", "original");
+
+    // Test empty environment variable doesn't crash
+    { ScopedEnvironmentVar var; }
+
+    // Test setting empty environment variable
+    {
+        ScopedEnvironmentVar var;
+        var.Set("ScopedEnvironmentVarForTest", "NewEnvironmentVarValue");
+        ASSERT_EQ(GetEnvironmentVar("ScopedEnvironmentVarForTest"), "NewEnvironmentVarValue");
+    }
+    ASSERT_EQ(GetEnvironmentVar("ScopedEnvironmentVarForTest"), "original");
+
+    // Test that the environment variable can be set, and it is unset at the end of the scope.
+    {
+        ScopedEnvironmentVar var("ScopedEnvironmentVarForTest", "NewEnvironmentVarValue");
+        ASSERT_EQ(GetEnvironmentVar("ScopedEnvironmentVarForTest"), "NewEnvironmentVarValue");
+    }
+    ASSERT_EQ(GetEnvironmentVar("ScopedEnvironmentVarForTest"), "original");
+
+    // Test nested scopes
+    {
+        ScopedEnvironmentVar outer("ScopedEnvironmentVarForTest", "outer");
+        ASSERT_EQ(GetEnvironmentVar("ScopedEnvironmentVarForTest"), "outer");
+        {
+            ScopedEnvironmentVar inner("ScopedEnvironmentVarForTest", "inner");
+            ASSERT_EQ(GetEnvironmentVar("ScopedEnvironmentVarForTest"), "inner");
+        }
+        ASSERT_EQ(GetEnvironmentVar("ScopedEnvironmentVarForTest"), "outer");
+    }
+    ASSERT_EQ(GetEnvironmentVar("ScopedEnvironmentVarForTest"), "original");
+
+    // Test redundantly setting scoped variables
+    {
+        ScopedEnvironmentVar var1("ScopedEnvironmentVarForTest", "var1");
+        ASSERT_EQ(GetEnvironmentVar("ScopedEnvironmentVarForTest"), "var1");
+
+        ScopedEnvironmentVar var2("ScopedEnvironmentVarForTest", "var2");
+        ASSERT_EQ(GetEnvironmentVar("ScopedEnvironmentVarForTest"), "var2");
+    }
+    ASSERT_EQ(GetEnvironmentVar("ScopedEnvironmentVarForTest"), "original");
+}