diff --git a/fuzzers/tint_ast_fuzzer/fuzzer.cc b/fuzzers/tint_ast_fuzzer/fuzzer.cc
index ae39e6c..a431cb2 100644
--- a/fuzzers/tint_ast_fuzzer/fuzzer.cc
+++ b/fuzzers/tint_ast_fuzzer/fuzzer.cc
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
                 << result.error << std::endl;
       return 0;
     }
-    *mutator_state.mutable_program() = result.wgsl;
+    *mutator_state.mutable_program() = std::move(result.wgsl);
   }
 
   if (mutator_state.ByteSizeLong() > max_size) {
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
     auto result = writer::wgsl::Generate(&program, options);
     assert(result.success &&
            "Can't generate a shader for the valid tint::Program");
-    program_text = result.wgsl;
+    program_text = std::move(result.wgsl);
   } else {
     program_text.assign(data, data + size);
   }
diff --git a/fuzzers/tint_common_fuzzer.cc b/fuzzers/tint_common_fuzzer.cc
index ccc8c0c..97bdcc7 100644
--- a/fuzzers/tint_common_fuzzer.cc
+++ b/fuzzers/tint_common_fuzzer.cc
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@
 namespace {
 
 [[noreturn]] void FatalError(const tint::diag::List& diags,
-                             std::string msg = "") {
+                             const std::string& msg = "") {
   auto printer = tint::diag::Printer::create(stderr, true);
-  if (msg.size()) {
-    printer->write((msg + "\n").c_str(), {diag::Color::kRed, true});
+  if (!msg.empty()) {
+    printer->write(msg + "\n", {diag::Color::kRed, true});
   }
   tint::diag::Formatter().format(diags, printer.get());
   __builtin_trap();
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 
 transform::VertexAttributeDescriptor ExtractVertexAttributeDescriptor(
     Reader* r) {
-  transform::VertexAttributeDescriptor desc;
+  transform::VertexAttributeDescriptor desc{};
   desc.format = r->enum_class<transform::VertexFormat>(
       static_cast<uint8_t>(transform::VertexFormat::kLastEntry) + 1);
   desc.offset = r->read<uint32_t>();
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
 }
 
 bool SPIRVToolsValidationCheck(const tint::Program& program,
-                               std::vector<uint32_t> spirv) {
+                               const std::vector<uint32_t>& spirv) {
   spvtools::SpirvTools tools(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1);
   const tint::diag::List& diags = program.Diagnostics();
   tools.SetMessageConsumer([diags](spv_message_level_t, const char*,
@@ -186,9 +186,8 @@
 #endif  // TINT_BUILD_WGSL_READER
 
 #if TINT_BUILD_SPV_READER
-  size_t u32_size = size / sizeof(uint32_t);
-  const uint32_t* u32_data = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(data);
-  std::vector<uint32_t> spirv_input(u32_data, u32_data + u32_size);
+  std::vector<uint32_t> spirv_input(size / sizeof(uint32_t));
+  std::memcpy(spirv_input.data(), data, size);
 
 #endif  // TINT_BUILD_SPV_READER
 
@@ -203,7 +202,7 @@
 #endif  // TINT_BUILD_WGSL_READER
 #if TINT_BUILD_SPV_READER
     case InputFormat::kSpv: {
-      if (spirv_input.size() != 0) {
+      if (spirv_input.empty()) {
         program = reader::spirv::Parse(spirv_input);
       }
       break;
@@ -307,7 +306,7 @@
     if (!out.program.IsValid()) {
       // Transforms can produce error messages for bad input.
       // Catch ICEs and errors from non transform systems.
-      for (auto diag : out.program.Diagnostics()) {
+      for (const auto& diag : out.program.Diagnostics()) {
         if (diag.severity > diag::Severity::Error ||
             diag.system != diag::System::Transform) {
           FatalError(out.program.Diagnostics(),
@@ -325,8 +324,9 @@
 #if TINT_BUILD_WGSL_WRITER
       writer::wgsl::Options options;
       auto result = writer::wgsl::Generate(&program, options);
+      generated_wgsl_ = std::move(result.wgsl);
       if (!result.success) {
-        errors_ = writer_->error();
+        errors_ = result.error;
         return 0;
       }
 #endif  // TINT_BUILD_WGSL_WRITER
@@ -336,11 +336,12 @@
 #if TINT_BUILD_SPV_WRITER
       writer::spirv::Options options;
       auto result = writer::spirv::Generate(&program, options);
+      generated_spirv_ = std::move(result.spirv);
       if (!result.success) {
-        errors_ = writer_->error();
+        errors_ = result.error;
         return 0;
       }
-      if (!SPIRVToolsValidationCheck(program, result.spirv)) {
+      if (!SPIRVToolsValidationCheck(program, generated_spirv_)) {
         FatalError(program.Diagnostics(),
                    "Fuzzing detected invalid spirv being emitted by Tint");
       }
@@ -352,8 +353,9 @@
 #if TINT_BUILD_HLSL_WRITER
       writer::hlsl::Options options;
       auto result = writer::hlsl::Generate(&program, options);
+      generated_hlsl_ = std::move(result.hlsl);
       if (!result.success) {
-        errors_ = writer_->error();
+        errors_ = result.error;
         return 0;
       }
 #endif  // TINT_BUILD_HLSL_WRITER
@@ -363,8 +365,9 @@
 #if TINT_BUILD_MSL_WRITER
       writer::msl::Options options;
       auto result = writer::msl::Generate(&program, options);
+      generated_msl_ = std::move(result.msl);
       if (!result.success) {
-        errors_ = writer_->error();
+        errors_ = result.error;
         return 0;
       }
 #endif  // TINT_BUILD_MSL_WRITER
@@ -377,9 +380,5 @@
   return 0;
 }
 
-const writer::Writer* CommonFuzzer::GetWriter() const {
-  return writer_.get();
-}
-
 }  // namespace fuzzers
 }  // namespace tint
diff --git a/fuzzers/tint_common_fuzzer.h b/fuzzers/tint_common_fuzzer.h
index 9201850..2c61659 100644
--- a/fuzzers/tint_common_fuzzer.h
+++ b/fuzzers/tint_common_fuzzer.h
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 #define FUZZERS_TINT_COMMON_FUZZER_H_
 
 #include <cstring>
-#include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
@@ -30,9 +29,9 @@
  public:
   Reader(const uint8_t* data, size_t size);
 
-  bool failed() { return failed_; }
+  bool failed() const { return failed_; }
   const uint8_t* data() { return data_; }
-  size_t size() { return size_; }
+  size_t size() const { return size_; }
 
   template <typename T>
   T read() {
@@ -109,20 +108,32 @@
 
   int Run(const uint8_t* data, size_t size);
 
-  const writer::Writer* GetWriter() const;
-
   const std::string& GetErrors() const { return errors_; }
 
+  const std::vector<uint32_t>& GetGeneratedSpirv() const {
+    return generated_spirv_;
+  }
+
+  const std::string& GetGeneratedWgsl() const { return generated_wgsl_; }
+
+  const std::string& GetGeneratedHlsl() const { return generated_hlsl_; }
+
+  const std::string& GetGeneratedMsl() const { return generated_msl_; }
+
   bool HasErrors() const { return !errors_.empty(); }
 
  private:
   InputFormat input_;
   OutputFormat output_;
-  std::unique_ptr<writer::Writer> writer_;
   transform::Manager* transform_manager_;
   transform::DataMap transform_inputs_;
   bool inspector_enabled_;
   std::string errors_;
+
+  std::vector<uint32_t> generated_spirv_;
+  std::string generated_wgsl_;
+  std::string generated_hlsl_;
+  std::string generated_msl_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace fuzzers
diff --git a/fuzzers/tint_spirv_tools_fuzzer/fuzzer.cc b/fuzzers/tint_spirv_tools_fuzzer/fuzzer.cc
index 30acdf4..7f67e75 100644
--- a/fuzzers/tint_spirv_tools_fuzzer/fuzzer.cc
+++ b/fuzzers/tint_spirv_tools_fuzzer/fuzzer.cc
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#include <iostream>
 #include <memory>
 #include <random>
 #include <string>
@@ -179,13 +178,7 @@
     return 0;
   }
 
-  const auto* writer =
-      static_cast<const writer::wgsl::Generator*>(spv_to_wgsl.GetWriter());
-
-  assert(writer && writer->error().empty() &&
-         "Errors should have already been handled");
-
-  auto wgsl = writer->result();
+  const auto& wgsl = spv_to_wgsl.GetGeneratedWgsl();
 
   std::pair<FuzzingTarget, OutputFormat> targets[] = {
       {FuzzingTarget::kHlsl, OutputFormat::kHLSL},