src/dawn/tests/end2end/DeviceLifetimeTests.cpp - dawn - Git at Google

 // Copyright 2022 The Dawn Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 // You may obtain a copy of the License at
 //
 //     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 //
 // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.

 #include <utility>

 #include "dawn/tests/DawnTest.h"
 #include "dawn/utils/WGPUHelpers.h"

 namespace dawn {
 namespace {

 class DeviceLifetimeTests : public DawnTest {};

 // Test that the device can be dropped before its queue.
 TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedBeforeQueue) {
     wgpu::Queue queue = device.GetQueue();

     device = nullptr;
 }

 // Test that the device can be dropped while an onSubmittedWorkDone callback is in flight.
 TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedWhileQueueOnSubmittedWorkDone) {
     // Submit some work.
     wgpu::CommandEncoder encoder = device.CreateCommandEncoder(nullptr);
     wgpu::CommandBuffer commandBuffer = encoder.Finish();
     queue.Submit(1, &commandBuffer);

     // Ask for an onSubmittedWorkDone callback and drop the device.
     queue.OnSubmittedWorkDone(
         0,
         [](WGPUQueueWorkDoneStatus status, void*) {
             // There is a bug in DeviceBase::Destroy(). If all submitted work is done when
             // OnSubmittedWorkDone() is being called, the callback will be resolved with
             // DeviceLost, otherwise the callback will be resolved with Success.
             // TODO(dawn:1640): fix DeviceBase::Destroy() to always reslove the callback
             // with success.
             EXPECT_TRUE(status == WGPUQueueWorkDoneStatus_Success ||
                         status == WGPUQueueWorkDoneStatus_DeviceLost);
         },
         nullptr);

     device = nullptr;
 }

 // Test that the device can be dropped inside an onSubmittedWorkDone callback.
 TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedInsideQueueOnSubmittedWorkDone) {
     // Submit some work.
     wgpu::CommandEncoder encoder = device.CreateCommandEncoder(nullptr);
     wgpu::CommandBuffer commandBuffer = encoder.Finish();
     queue.Submit(1, &commandBuffer);

     struct Userdata {
         wgpu::Device device;
         bool done;
     };
     // Ask for an onSubmittedWorkDone callback and drop the device inside the callback.
     Userdata data = Userdata{std::move(device), false};
     queue.OnSubmittedWorkDone(
         0,
         [](WGPUQueueWorkDoneStatus status, void* userdata) {
             EXPECT_EQ(status, WGPUQueueWorkDoneStatus_Success);
             static_cast<Userdata*>(userdata)->device = nullptr;
             static_cast<Userdata*>(userdata)->done = true;
         },
         &data);

     while (!data.done) {
         // WaitABit no longer can call tick since we've moved the device from the fixture into the
         // userdata.
         if (data.device) {
             data.device.Tick();
         }
         WaitABit();
     }
 }

 // Test that the device can be dropped while a popErrorScope callback is in flight.
 TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedWhilePopErrorScope) {
     device.PushErrorScope(wgpu::ErrorFilter::Validation);
     bool wire = UsesWire();
     device.PopErrorScope(
         [](WGPUErrorType type, const char*, void* userdata) {
             const bool wire = *static_cast<bool*>(userdata);
             // On the wire, all callbacks get rejected immediately with once the device is deleted.
             // In native, popErrorScope is called synchronously.
             // TODO(crbug.com/dawn/1122): These callbacks should be made consistent.
             EXPECT_EQ(type, wire ? WGPUErrorType_Unknown : WGPUErrorType_NoError);
         },
         &wire);
     device = nullptr;
 }

 // Test that the device can be dropped inside an onSubmittedWorkDone callback.
 TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedInsidePopErrorScope) {
     struct Userdata {
         wgpu::Device device;
         bool done;
     };
     device.PushErrorScope(wgpu::ErrorFilter::Validation);

     // Ask for a popErrorScope callback and drop the device inside the callback.
     Userdata data = Userdata{std::move(device), false};
     data.device.PopErrorScope(
         [](WGPUErrorType type, const char*, void* userdata) {
             EXPECT_EQ(type, WGPUErrorType_NoError);
             static_cast<Userdata*>(userdata)->device = nullptr;
             static_cast<Userdata*>(userdata)->done = true;
         },
         &data);

     while (!data.done) {
         // WaitABit no longer can call tick since we've moved the device from the fixture into the
         // userdata.
         if (data.device) {
             data.device.Tick();
         }
         WaitABit();
     }
 }

 // Test that the device can be dropped before a buffer created from it.
 TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedBeforeBuffer) {
     wgpu::BufferDescriptor desc = {};
     desc.size = 4;
     desc.usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::CopySrc | wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst;
     wgpu::Buffer buffer = device.CreateBuffer(&desc);

     device = nullptr;
 }

 // Test that the device can be dropped while a buffer created from it is being mapped.
 TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedWhileMappingBuffer) {
     wgpu::BufferDescriptor desc = {};
     desc.size = 4;
     desc.usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::MapRead | wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst;
     wgpu::Buffer buffer = device.CreateBuffer(&desc);

     buffer.MapAsync(
         wgpu::MapMode::Read, 0, wgpu::kWholeMapSize,
         [](WGPUBufferMapAsyncStatus status, void*) {
             EXPECT_EQ(status, WGPUBufferMapAsyncStatus_DestroyedBeforeCallback);
         },
         nullptr);

     device = nullptr;
 }

 // Test that the device can be dropped before a mapped buffer created from it.
 TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedBeforeMappedBuffer) {
     wgpu::BufferDescriptor desc = {};
     desc.size = 4;
     desc.usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::MapRead | wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst;
     wgpu::Buffer buffer = device.CreateBuffer(&desc);

     bool done = false;
     buffer.MapAsync(
         wgpu::MapMode::Read, 0, wgpu::kWholeMapSize,
         [](WGPUBufferMapAsyncStatus status, void* userdata) {
             EXPECT_EQ(status, WGPUBufferMapAsyncStatus_Success);
             *static_cast<bool*>(userdata) = true;
         },
         &done);

     while (!done) {
         WaitABit();
     }

     device = nullptr;
 }

 // Test that the device can be dropped before a mapped at creation buffer created from it.
 TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedBeforeMappedAtCreationBuffer) {
     wgpu::BufferDescriptor desc = {};
     desc.size = 4;
     desc.usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::MapRead | wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst;
     desc.mappedAtCreation = true;
     wgpu::Buffer buffer = device.CreateBuffer(&desc);

     device = nullptr;
 }

 // Test that the device can be dropped before a buffer created from it, then mapping the buffer
 // fails.
 TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedThenMapBuffer) {
     wgpu::BufferDescriptor desc = {};
     desc.size = 4;
     desc.usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::MapRead | wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst;
     wgpu::Buffer buffer = device.CreateBuffer(&desc);

     device = nullptr;

     bool done = false;
     buffer.MapAsync(
         wgpu::MapMode::Read, 0, wgpu::kWholeMapSize,
         [](WGPUBufferMapAsyncStatus status, void* userdata) {
             EXPECT_EQ(status, WGPUBufferMapAsyncStatus_DeviceLost);
             *static_cast<bool*>(userdata) = true;
         },
         &done);

     while (!done) {
         WaitABit();
     }
 }

 // Test that the device can be dropped before a buffer created from it, then mapping the buffer
 // twice (one inside callback) will both fail.
 TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, Dropped_ThenMapBuffer_ThenMapBufferInCallback) {
     wgpu::BufferDescriptor desc = {};
     desc.size = 4;
     desc.usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::MapRead | wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst;
     wgpu::Buffer buffer = device.CreateBuffer(&desc);

     device = nullptr;

     struct UserData {
         wgpu::Buffer buffer;
         bool done = false;
     };

     UserData userData;
     userData.buffer = buffer;

     // First mapping.
     buffer.MapAsync(
         wgpu::MapMode::Read, 0, wgpu::kWholeMapSize,
         [](WGPUBufferMapAsyncStatus status, void* userdataPtr) {
             EXPECT_EQ(status, WGPUBufferMapAsyncStatus_DeviceLost);
             auto userdata = static_cast<UserData*>(userdataPtr);

             // Second mapping.
             userdata->buffer.MapAsync(
                 wgpu::MapMode::Read, 0, wgpu::kWholeMapSize,
                 [](WGPUBufferMapAsyncStatus status, void* userdataPtr) {
                     EXPECT_EQ(status, WGPUBufferMapAsyncStatus_DeviceLost);
                     *static_cast<bool*>(userdataPtr) = true;
                 },
                 &userdata->done);
         },
         &userData);

     while (!userData.done) {
         WaitABit();
     }
 }

 // Test that the device can be dropped inside a buffer map callback.
 TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedInsideBufferMapCallback) {
     wgpu::BufferDescriptor desc = {};
     desc.size = 4;
     desc.usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::MapRead | wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst;
     wgpu::Buffer buffer = device.CreateBuffer(&desc);

     struct Userdata {
         wgpu::Device device;
         wgpu::Buffer buffer;
         bool wire;
         bool done;
     };

     // Ask for a mapAsync callback and drop the device inside the callback.
     Userdata data = Userdata{std::move(device), buffer, UsesWire(), false};
     buffer.MapAsync(
         wgpu::MapMode::Read, 0, wgpu::kWholeMapSize,
         [](WGPUBufferMapAsyncStatus status, void* userdata) {
             EXPECT_EQ(status, WGPUBufferMapAsyncStatus_Success);
             auto* data = static_cast<Userdata*>(userdata);
             data->device = nullptr;
             data->done = true;

             // Mapped data should be null since the buffer is implicitly destroyed.
             // TODO(crbug.com/dawn/1424): On the wire client, we don't track device child objects so
             // the mapped data is still available when the device is destroyed.
             if (!data->wire) {
                 EXPECT_EQ(data->buffer.GetConstMappedRange(), nullptr);
             }
         },
         &data);

     while (!data.done) {
         // WaitABit no longer can call tick since we've moved the device from the fixture into the
         // userdata.
         if (data.device) {
             data.device.Tick();
         }
         WaitABit();
     }

     // Mapped data should be null since the buffer is implicitly destroyed.
     // TODO(crbug.com/dawn/1424): On the wire client, we don't track device child objects so the
     // mapped data is still available when the device is destroyed.
     if (!UsesWire()) {
         EXPECT_EQ(buffer.GetConstMappedRange(), nullptr);
     }
 }

 // Test that the device can be dropped while a write buffer operation is enqueued.
 TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedWhileWriteBuffer) {
     wgpu::BufferDescriptor desc = {};
     desc.size = 4;
     desc.usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::CopySrc | wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst;
     wgpu::Buffer buffer = device.CreateBuffer(&desc);

     uint32_t value = 7;
     queue.WriteBuffer(buffer, 0, &value, sizeof(value));
     device = nullptr;
 }

 // Test that the device can be dropped while a write buffer operation is enqueued and then
 // a queue submit occurs. This is slightly different from the former test since it ensures
 // that pending work is flushed.
 TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedWhileWriteBufferAndSubmit) {
     wgpu::BufferDescriptor desc = {};
     desc.size = 4;
     desc.usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::CopySrc | wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst;
     wgpu::Buffer buffer = device.CreateBuffer(&desc);

     uint32_t value = 7;
     queue.WriteBuffer(buffer, 0, &value, sizeof(value));
     queue.Submit(0, nullptr);
     device = nullptr;
 }

 // Test that the device can be dropped while createPipelineAsync is in flight
 TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedWhileCreatePipelineAsync) {
     wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor desc;
     desc.compute.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
     @compute @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
     })");
     desc.compute.entryPoint = "main";

     device.CreateComputePipelineAsync(
         &desc,
         [](WGPUCreatePipelineAsyncStatus status, WGPUComputePipeline cPipeline, const char* message,
            void* userdata) {
             EXPECT_EQ(WGPUCreatePipelineAsyncStatus_Success, status);
             EXPECT_NE(cPipeline, nullptr);
             wgpu::ComputePipeline::Acquire(cPipeline);
         },
         nullptr);

     device = nullptr;
 }

 // Test that the device can be dropped inside a createPipelineAsync callback
 TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedInsideCreatePipelineAsync) {
     wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor desc;
     desc.compute.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
     @compute @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
     })");
     desc.compute.entryPoint = "main";

     struct Userdata {
         wgpu::Device device;
         bool done;
     };
     // Call CreateComputePipelineAsync and drop the device inside the callback.
     Userdata data = Userdata{std::move(device), false};
     data.device.CreateComputePipelineAsync(
         &desc,
         [](WGPUCreatePipelineAsyncStatus status, WGPUComputePipeline cPipeline, const char* message,
            void* userdata) {
             wgpu::ComputePipeline::Acquire(cPipeline);
             EXPECT_EQ(status, WGPUCreatePipelineAsyncStatus_Success);

             static_cast<Userdata*>(userdata)->device = nullptr;
             static_cast<Userdata*>(userdata)->done = true;
         },
         &data);

     while (!data.done) {
         // WaitABit no longer can call tick since we've moved the device from the fixture into the
         // userdata.
         if (data.device) {
             data.device.Tick();
         }
         WaitABit();
     }
 }

 // Test that the device can be dropped while createPipelineAsync which will hit the frontend cache
 // is in flight
 TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedWhileCreatePipelineAsyncAlreadyCached) {
     wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor desc;
     desc.compute.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
     @compute @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
     })");
     desc.compute.entryPoint = "main";

     // Create a pipeline ahead of time so it's in the cache.
     wgpu::ComputePipeline p = device.CreateComputePipeline(&desc);

     bool done = false;
     device.CreateComputePipelineAsync(
         &desc,
         [](WGPUCreatePipelineAsyncStatus status, WGPUComputePipeline cPipeline, const char*,
            void* userdata) {
             wgpu::ComputePipeline::Acquire(cPipeline);
             EXPECT_EQ(status, WGPUCreatePipelineAsyncStatus_Success);
             EXPECT_NE(cPipeline, nullptr);

             *static_cast<bool*>(userdata) = true;
         },
         &done);
     device = nullptr;

     while (!done) {
         WaitABit();
     }
 }

 // Test that the device can be dropped inside a createPipelineAsync callback which will hit the
 // frontend cache
 TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedInsideCreatePipelineAsyncAlreadyCached) {
     wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor desc;
     desc.compute.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
     @compute @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
     })");
     desc.compute.entryPoint = "main";

     // Create a pipeline ahead of time so it's in the cache.
     wgpu::ComputePipeline p = device.CreateComputePipeline(&desc);

     struct Userdata {
         wgpu::Device device;
         bool done;
     };
     // Call CreateComputePipelineAsync and drop the device inside the callback.
     Userdata data = Userdata{std::move(device), false};
     data.device.CreateComputePipelineAsync(
         &desc,
         [](WGPUCreatePipelineAsyncStatus status, WGPUComputePipeline cPipeline, const char* message,
            void* userdata) {
             wgpu::ComputePipeline::Acquire(cPipeline);
             // Success because it hits the frontend cache immediately.
             EXPECT_EQ(status, WGPUCreatePipelineAsyncStatus_Success);
             EXPECT_NE(cPipeline, nullptr);

             static_cast<Userdata*>(userdata)->device = nullptr;
             static_cast<Userdata*>(userdata)->done = true;
         },
         &data);

     while (!data.done) {
         // WaitABit no longer can call tick since we've moved the device from the fixture into the
         // userdata.
         if (data.device) {
             data.device.Tick();
         }
         WaitABit();
     }
 }

 // Test that the device can be dropped while createPipelineAsync which will race with a compilation
 // to add the same pipeline to the frontend cache
 TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedWhileCreatePipelineAsyncRaceCache) {
     wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor desc;
     desc.compute.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
     @compute @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
     })");
     desc.compute.entryPoint = "main";

     device.CreateComputePipelineAsync(
         &desc,
         [](WGPUCreatePipelineAsyncStatus status, WGPUComputePipeline cPipeline, const char* message,
            void* userdata) {
             EXPECT_EQ(WGPUCreatePipelineAsyncStatus_Success, status);
             EXPECT_NE(cPipeline, nullptr);
             wgpu::ComputePipeline::Acquire(cPipeline);
         },
         nullptr);

     // Create the same pipeline synchronously which will get added to the cache.
     wgpu::ComputePipeline p = device.CreateComputePipeline(&desc);

     device = nullptr;
 }

 // Test that the device can be dropped inside a createPipelineAsync callback which will race
 // with a compilation to add the same pipeline to the frontend cache
 TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedInsideCreatePipelineAsyncRaceCache) {
     wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor desc;
     desc.compute.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
     @compute @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
     })");
     desc.compute.entryPoint = "main";

     struct Userdata {
         wgpu::Device device;
         bool done;
     };
     // Call CreateComputePipelineAsync and drop the device inside the callback.
     Userdata data = Userdata{std::move(device), false};
     data.device.CreateComputePipelineAsync(
         &desc,
         [](WGPUCreatePipelineAsyncStatus status, WGPUComputePipeline cPipeline, const char* message,
            void* userdata) {
             EXPECT_EQ(WGPUCreatePipelineAsyncStatus_Success, status);
             EXPECT_NE(cPipeline, nullptr);
             wgpu::ComputePipeline::Acquire(cPipeline);

             static_cast<Userdata*>(userdata)->device = nullptr;
             static_cast<Userdata*>(userdata)->done = true;
         },
         &data);

     // Create the same pipeline synchronously which will get added to the cache.
     wgpu::ComputePipeline p = data.device.CreateComputePipeline(&desc);

     while (!data.done) {
         // WaitABit no longer can call tick since we've moved the device from the fixture into the
         // userdata.
         if (data.device) {
             data.device.Tick();
         }
         WaitABit();
     }
 }

 // Tests that dropping 2nd device inside 1st device's callback triggered by instance.ProcessEvents
 // won't crash.
 TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DropDevice2InProcessEvents) {
     wgpu::Device device2 = CreateDevice();

     struct UserData {
         wgpu::Device device2;
         bool done = false;
     } userdata;

     userdata.device2 = std::move(device2);

     device.PushErrorScope(wgpu::ErrorFilter::Validation);

     // The following callback will drop the 2nd device. It won't be triggered until
     // instance.ProcessEvents() is called.
     device.PopErrorScope(
         [](WGPUErrorType type, const char*, void* userdataPtr) {
             auto userdata = static_cast<UserData*>(userdataPtr);

             userdata->device2 = nullptr;
             userdata->done = true;
         },
         &userdata);

     while (!userdata.done) {
         WaitABit();
     }
 }

 DAWN_INSTANTIATE_TEST(DeviceLifetimeTests,
                       D3D11Backend(),
                       D3D12Backend(),
                       MetalBackend(),
                       NullBackend(),
                       OpenGLBackend(),
                       OpenGLESBackend(),
                       VulkanBackend());

 }  // anonymous namespace
 }  // namespace dawn
	// Copyright 2022 The Dawn Authors
	//
	// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
	// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
	// You may obtain a copy of the License at
	//
	// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
	//
	// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
	// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
	// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
	// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
	// limitations under the License.

	#include <utility>

	#include "dawn/tests/DawnTest.h"
	#include "dawn/utils/WGPUHelpers.h"

	namespace dawn {
	namespace {

	class DeviceLifetimeTests : public DawnTest {};

	// Test that the device can be dropped before its queue.
	TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedBeforeQueue) {
	wgpu::Queue queue = device.GetQueue();

	device = nullptr;
	}

	// Test that the device can be dropped while an onSubmittedWorkDone callback is in flight.
	TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedWhileQueueOnSubmittedWorkDone) {
	// Submit some work.
	wgpu::CommandEncoder encoder = device.CreateCommandEncoder(nullptr);
	wgpu::CommandBuffer commandBuffer = encoder.Finish();
	queue.Submit(1, &commandBuffer);

	// Ask for an onSubmittedWorkDone callback and drop the device.
	queue.OnSubmittedWorkDone(
	0,
	[](WGPUQueueWorkDoneStatus status, void*) {
	// There is a bug in DeviceBase::Destroy(). If all submitted work is done when
	// OnSubmittedWorkDone() is being called, the callback will be resolved with
	// DeviceLost, otherwise the callback will be resolved with Success.
	// TODO(dawn:1640): fix DeviceBase::Destroy() to always reslove the callback
	// with success.
	EXPECT_TRUE(status == WGPUQueueWorkDoneStatus_Success \|\|
	status == WGPUQueueWorkDoneStatus_DeviceLost);
	},
	nullptr);

	device = nullptr;
	}

	// Test that the device can be dropped inside an onSubmittedWorkDone callback.
	TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedInsideQueueOnSubmittedWorkDone) {
	// Submit some work.
	wgpu::CommandEncoder encoder = device.CreateCommandEncoder(nullptr);
	wgpu::CommandBuffer commandBuffer = encoder.Finish();
	queue.Submit(1, &commandBuffer);

	struct Userdata {
	wgpu::Device device;
	bool done;
	};
	// Ask for an onSubmittedWorkDone callback and drop the device inside the callback.
	Userdata data = Userdata{std::move(device), false};
	queue.OnSubmittedWorkDone(
	0,
	[](WGPUQueueWorkDoneStatus status, void* userdata) {
	EXPECT_EQ(status, WGPUQueueWorkDoneStatus_Success);
	static_cast<Userdata*>(userdata)->device = nullptr;
	static_cast<Userdata*>(userdata)->done = true;
	},
	&data);

	while (!data.done) {
	// WaitABit no longer can call tick since we've moved the device from the fixture into the
	// userdata.
	if (data.device) {
	data.device.Tick();
	}
	WaitABit();
	}
	}

	// Test that the device can be dropped while a popErrorScope callback is in flight.
	TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedWhilePopErrorScope) {
	device.PushErrorScope(wgpu::ErrorFilter::Validation);
	bool wire = UsesWire();
	device.PopErrorScope(
	[](WGPUErrorType type, const char, void userdata) {
	const bool wire = static_cast<bool>(userdata);
	// On the wire, all callbacks get rejected immediately with once the device is deleted.
	// In native, popErrorScope is called synchronously.
	// TODO(crbug.com/dawn/1122): These callbacks should be made consistent.
	EXPECT_EQ(type, wire ? WGPUErrorType_Unknown : WGPUErrorType_NoError);
	},
	&wire);
	device = nullptr;
	}

	// Test that the device can be dropped inside an onSubmittedWorkDone callback.
	TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedInsidePopErrorScope) {
	struct Userdata {
	wgpu::Device device;
	bool done;
	};
	device.PushErrorScope(wgpu::ErrorFilter::Validation);

	// Ask for a popErrorScope callback and drop the device inside the callback.
	Userdata data = Userdata{std::move(device), false};
	data.device.PopErrorScope(
	[](WGPUErrorType type, const char, void userdata) {
	EXPECT_EQ(type, WGPUErrorType_NoError);
	static_cast<Userdata*>(userdata)->device = nullptr;
	static_cast<Userdata*>(userdata)->done = true;
	},
	&data);

	while (!data.done) {
	// WaitABit no longer can call tick since we've moved the device from the fixture into the
	// userdata.
	if (data.device) {
	data.device.Tick();
	}
	WaitABit();
	}
	}

	// Test that the device can be dropped before a buffer created from it.
	TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedBeforeBuffer) {
	wgpu::BufferDescriptor desc = {};
	desc.size = 4;
	desc.usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::CopySrc \| wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst;
	wgpu::Buffer buffer = device.CreateBuffer(&desc);

	device = nullptr;
	}

	// Test that the device can be dropped while a buffer created from it is being mapped.
	TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedWhileMappingBuffer) {
	wgpu::BufferDescriptor desc = {};
	desc.size = 4;
	desc.usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::MapRead \| wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst;
	wgpu::Buffer buffer = device.CreateBuffer(&desc);

	buffer.MapAsync(
	wgpu::MapMode::Read, 0, wgpu::kWholeMapSize,
	[](WGPUBufferMapAsyncStatus status, void*) {
	EXPECT_EQ(status, WGPUBufferMapAsyncStatus_DestroyedBeforeCallback);
	},
	nullptr);

	device = nullptr;
	}

	// Test that the device can be dropped before a mapped buffer created from it.
	TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedBeforeMappedBuffer) {
	wgpu::BufferDescriptor desc = {};
	desc.size = 4;
	desc.usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::MapRead \| wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst;
	wgpu::Buffer buffer = device.CreateBuffer(&desc);

	bool done = false;
	buffer.MapAsync(
	wgpu::MapMode::Read, 0, wgpu::kWholeMapSize,
	[](WGPUBufferMapAsyncStatus status, void* userdata) {
	EXPECT_EQ(status, WGPUBufferMapAsyncStatus_Success);
	static_cast<bool>(userdata) = true;
	},
	&done);

	while (!done) {
	WaitABit();
	}

	device = nullptr;
	}

	// Test that the device can be dropped before a mapped at creation buffer created from it.
	TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedBeforeMappedAtCreationBuffer) {
	wgpu::BufferDescriptor desc = {};
	desc.size = 4;
	desc.usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::MapRead \| wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst;
	desc.mappedAtCreation = true;
	wgpu::Buffer buffer = device.CreateBuffer(&desc);

	device = nullptr;
	}

	// Test that the device can be dropped before a buffer created from it, then mapping the buffer
	// fails.
	TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedThenMapBuffer) {
	wgpu::BufferDescriptor desc = {};
	desc.size = 4;
	desc.usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::MapRead \| wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst;
	wgpu::Buffer buffer = device.CreateBuffer(&desc);

	device = nullptr;

	bool done = false;
	buffer.MapAsync(
	wgpu::MapMode::Read, 0, wgpu::kWholeMapSize,
	[](WGPUBufferMapAsyncStatus status, void* userdata) {
	EXPECT_EQ(status, WGPUBufferMapAsyncStatus_DeviceLost);
	static_cast<bool>(userdata) = true;
	},
	&done);

	while (!done) {
	WaitABit();
	}
	}

	// Test that the device can be dropped before a buffer created from it, then mapping the buffer
	// twice (one inside callback) will both fail.
	TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, Dropped_ThenMapBuffer_ThenMapBufferInCallback) {
	wgpu::BufferDescriptor desc = {};
	desc.size = 4;
	desc.usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::MapRead \| wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst;
	wgpu::Buffer buffer = device.CreateBuffer(&desc);

	device = nullptr;

	struct UserData {
	wgpu::Buffer buffer;
	bool done = false;
	};

	UserData userData;
	userData.buffer = buffer;

	// First mapping.
	buffer.MapAsync(
	wgpu::MapMode::Read, 0, wgpu::kWholeMapSize,
	[](WGPUBufferMapAsyncStatus status, void* userdataPtr) {
	EXPECT_EQ(status, WGPUBufferMapAsyncStatus_DeviceLost);
	auto userdata = static_cast<UserData*>(userdataPtr);

	// Second mapping.
	userdata->buffer.MapAsync(
	wgpu::MapMode::Read, 0, wgpu::kWholeMapSize,
	[](WGPUBufferMapAsyncStatus status, void* userdataPtr) {
	EXPECT_EQ(status, WGPUBufferMapAsyncStatus_DeviceLost);
	static_cast<bool>(userdataPtr) = true;
	},
	&userdata->done);
	},
	&userData);

	while (!userData.done) {
	WaitABit();
	}
	}

	// Test that the device can be dropped inside a buffer map callback.
	TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedInsideBufferMapCallback) {
	wgpu::BufferDescriptor desc = {};
	desc.size = 4;
	desc.usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::MapRead \| wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst;
	wgpu::Buffer buffer = device.CreateBuffer(&desc);

	struct Userdata {
	wgpu::Device device;
	wgpu::Buffer buffer;
	bool wire;
	bool done;
	};

	// Ask for a mapAsync callback and drop the device inside the callback.
	Userdata data = Userdata{std::move(device), buffer, UsesWire(), false};
	buffer.MapAsync(
	wgpu::MapMode::Read, 0, wgpu::kWholeMapSize,
	[](WGPUBufferMapAsyncStatus status, void* userdata) {
	EXPECT_EQ(status, WGPUBufferMapAsyncStatus_Success);
	auto* data = static_cast<Userdata*>(userdata);
	data->device = nullptr;
	data->done = true;

	// Mapped data should be null since the buffer is implicitly destroyed.
	// TODO(crbug.com/dawn/1424): On the wire client, we don't track device child objects so
	// the mapped data is still available when the device is destroyed.
	if (!data->wire) {
	EXPECT_EQ(data->buffer.GetConstMappedRange(), nullptr);
	}
	},
	&data);

	while (!data.done) {
	// WaitABit no longer can call tick since we've moved the device from the fixture into the
	// userdata.
	if (data.device) {
	data.device.Tick();
	}
	WaitABit();
	}

	// Mapped data should be null since the buffer is implicitly destroyed.
	// TODO(crbug.com/dawn/1424): On the wire client, we don't track device child objects so the
	// mapped data is still available when the device is destroyed.
	if (!UsesWire()) {
	EXPECT_EQ(buffer.GetConstMappedRange(), nullptr);
	}
	}

	// Test that the device can be dropped while a write buffer operation is enqueued.
	TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedWhileWriteBuffer) {
	wgpu::BufferDescriptor desc = {};
	desc.size = 4;
	desc.usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::CopySrc \| wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst;
	wgpu::Buffer buffer = device.CreateBuffer(&desc);

	uint32_t value = 7;
	queue.WriteBuffer(buffer, 0, &value, sizeof(value));
	device = nullptr;
	}

	// Test that the device can be dropped while a write buffer operation is enqueued and then
	// a queue submit occurs. This is slightly different from the former test since it ensures
	// that pending work is flushed.
	TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedWhileWriteBufferAndSubmit) {
	wgpu::BufferDescriptor desc = {};
	desc.size = 4;
	desc.usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::CopySrc \| wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst;
	wgpu::Buffer buffer = device.CreateBuffer(&desc);

	uint32_t value = 7;
	queue.WriteBuffer(buffer, 0, &value, sizeof(value));
	queue.Submit(0, nullptr);
	device = nullptr;
	}

	// Test that the device can be dropped while createPipelineAsync is in flight
	TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedWhileCreatePipelineAsync) {
	wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor desc;
	desc.compute.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
	@compute @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
	})");
	desc.compute.entryPoint = "main";

	device.CreateComputePipelineAsync(
	&desc,
	[](WGPUCreatePipelineAsyncStatus status, WGPUComputePipeline cPipeline, const char* message,
	void* userdata) {
	EXPECT_EQ(WGPUCreatePipelineAsyncStatus_Success, status);
	EXPECT_NE(cPipeline, nullptr);
	wgpu::ComputePipeline::Acquire(cPipeline);
	},
	nullptr);

	device = nullptr;
	}

	// Test that the device can be dropped inside a createPipelineAsync callback
	TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedInsideCreatePipelineAsync) {
	wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor desc;
	desc.compute.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
	@compute @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
	})");
	desc.compute.entryPoint = "main";

	struct Userdata {
	wgpu::Device device;
	bool done;
	};
	// Call CreateComputePipelineAsync and drop the device inside the callback.
	Userdata data = Userdata{std::move(device), false};
	data.device.CreateComputePipelineAsync(
	&desc,
	[](WGPUCreatePipelineAsyncStatus status, WGPUComputePipeline cPipeline, const char* message,
	void* userdata) {
	wgpu::ComputePipeline::Acquire(cPipeline);
	EXPECT_EQ(status, WGPUCreatePipelineAsyncStatus_Success);

	static_cast<Userdata*>(userdata)->device = nullptr;
	static_cast<Userdata*>(userdata)->done = true;
	},
	&data);

	while (!data.done) {
	// WaitABit no longer can call tick since we've moved the device from the fixture into the
	// userdata.
	if (data.device) {
	data.device.Tick();
	}
	WaitABit();
	}
	}

	// Test that the device can be dropped while createPipelineAsync which will hit the frontend cache
	// is in flight
	TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedWhileCreatePipelineAsyncAlreadyCached) {
	wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor desc;
	desc.compute.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
	@compute @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
	})");
	desc.compute.entryPoint = "main";

	// Create a pipeline ahead of time so it's in the cache.
	wgpu::ComputePipeline p = device.CreateComputePipeline(&desc);

	bool done = false;
	device.CreateComputePipelineAsync(
	&desc,
	[](WGPUCreatePipelineAsyncStatus status, WGPUComputePipeline cPipeline, const char*,
	void* userdata) {
	wgpu::ComputePipeline::Acquire(cPipeline);
	EXPECT_EQ(status, WGPUCreatePipelineAsyncStatus_Success);
	EXPECT_NE(cPipeline, nullptr);

	static_cast<bool>(userdata) = true;
	},
	&done);
	device = nullptr;

	while (!done) {
	WaitABit();
	}
	}

	// Test that the device can be dropped inside a createPipelineAsync callback which will hit the
	// frontend cache
	TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedInsideCreatePipelineAsyncAlreadyCached) {
	wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor desc;
	desc.compute.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
	@compute @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
	})");
	desc.compute.entryPoint = "main";

	// Create a pipeline ahead of time so it's in the cache.
	wgpu::ComputePipeline p = device.CreateComputePipeline(&desc);

	struct Userdata {
	wgpu::Device device;
	bool done;
	};
	// Call CreateComputePipelineAsync and drop the device inside the callback.
	Userdata data = Userdata{std::move(device), false};
	data.device.CreateComputePipelineAsync(
	&desc,
	[](WGPUCreatePipelineAsyncStatus status, WGPUComputePipeline cPipeline, const char* message,
	void* userdata) {
	wgpu::ComputePipeline::Acquire(cPipeline);
	// Success because it hits the frontend cache immediately.
	EXPECT_EQ(status, WGPUCreatePipelineAsyncStatus_Success);
	EXPECT_NE(cPipeline, nullptr);

	static_cast<Userdata*>(userdata)->device = nullptr;
	static_cast<Userdata*>(userdata)->done = true;
	},
	&data);

	while (!data.done) {
	// WaitABit no longer can call tick since we've moved the device from the fixture into the
	// userdata.
	if (data.device) {
	data.device.Tick();
	}
	WaitABit();
	}
	}

	// Test that the device can be dropped while createPipelineAsync which will race with a compilation
	// to add the same pipeline to the frontend cache
	TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedWhileCreatePipelineAsyncRaceCache) {
	wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor desc;
	desc.compute.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
	@compute @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
	})");
	desc.compute.entryPoint = "main";

	device.CreateComputePipelineAsync(
	&desc,
	[](WGPUCreatePipelineAsyncStatus status, WGPUComputePipeline cPipeline, const char* message,
	void* userdata) {
	EXPECT_EQ(WGPUCreatePipelineAsyncStatus_Success, status);
	EXPECT_NE(cPipeline, nullptr);
	wgpu::ComputePipeline::Acquire(cPipeline);
	},
	nullptr);

	// Create the same pipeline synchronously which will get added to the cache.
	wgpu::ComputePipeline p = device.CreateComputePipeline(&desc);

	device = nullptr;
	}

	// Test that the device can be dropped inside a createPipelineAsync callback which will race
	// with a compilation to add the same pipeline to the frontend cache
	TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DroppedInsideCreatePipelineAsyncRaceCache) {
	wgpu::ComputePipelineDescriptor desc;
	desc.compute.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
	@compute @workgroup_size(1) fn main() {
	})");
	desc.compute.entryPoint = "main";

	struct Userdata {
	wgpu::Device device;
	bool done;
	};
	// Call CreateComputePipelineAsync and drop the device inside the callback.
	Userdata data = Userdata{std::move(device), false};
	data.device.CreateComputePipelineAsync(
	&desc,
	[](WGPUCreatePipelineAsyncStatus status, WGPUComputePipeline cPipeline, const char* message,
	void* userdata) {
	EXPECT_EQ(WGPUCreatePipelineAsyncStatus_Success, status);
	EXPECT_NE(cPipeline, nullptr);
	wgpu::ComputePipeline::Acquire(cPipeline);

	static_cast<Userdata*>(userdata)->device = nullptr;
	static_cast<Userdata*>(userdata)->done = true;
	},
	&data);

	// Create the same pipeline synchronously which will get added to the cache.
	wgpu::ComputePipeline p = data.device.CreateComputePipeline(&desc);

	while (!data.done) {
	// WaitABit no longer can call tick since we've moved the device from the fixture into the
	// userdata.
	if (data.device) {
	data.device.Tick();
	}
	WaitABit();
	}
	}

	// Tests that dropping 2nd device inside 1st device's callback triggered by instance.ProcessEvents
	// won't crash.
	TEST_P(DeviceLifetimeTests, DropDevice2InProcessEvents) {
	wgpu::Device device2 = CreateDevice();

	struct UserData {
	wgpu::Device device2;
	bool done = false;
	} userdata;

	userdata.device2 = std::move(device2);

	device.PushErrorScope(wgpu::ErrorFilter::Validation);

	// The following callback will drop the 2nd device. It won't be triggered until
	// instance.ProcessEvents() is called.
	device.PopErrorScope(
	[](WGPUErrorType type, const char, void userdataPtr) {
	auto userdata = static_cast<UserData*>(userdataPtr);

	userdata->device2 = nullptr;
	userdata->done = true;
	},
	&userdata);

	while (!userdata.done) {
	WaitABit();
	}
	}

	DAWN_INSTANTIATE_TEST(DeviceLifetimeTests,
	D3D11Backend(),
	D3D12Backend(),
	MetalBackend(),
	NullBackend(),
	OpenGLBackend(),
	OpenGLESBackend(),
	VulkanBackend());

	} // anonymous namespace
	} // namespace dawn