| // Copyright 2020 The Dawn & Tint Authors |
| // |
| // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without |
| // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: |
| // |
| // 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this |
| // list of conditions and the following disclaimer. |
| // |
| // 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, |
| // this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation |
| // and/or other materials provided with the distribution. |
| // |
| // 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its |
| // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from |
| // this software without specific prior written permission. |
| // |
| // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" |
| // AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE |
| // IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE |
| // DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE |
| // FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL |
| // DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR |
| // SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER |
| // CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, |
| // OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE |
| // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. |
| |
| #include <memory> |
| #include <vector> |
| |
| #include "dawn/common/Constants.h" |
| #include "dawn/common/Log.h" |
| #include "dawn/tests/DawnTest.h" |
| #include "dawn/utils/ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor.h" |
| #include "dawn/utils/WGPUHelpers.h" |
| #include "webgpu/webgpu_glfw.h" |
| |
| #include "GLFW/glfw3.h" |
| |
| namespace dawn { |
| namespace { |
| |
| struct GLFWindowDestroyer { |
| void operator()(GLFWwindow* ptr) { glfwDestroyWindow(ptr); } |
| }; |
| |
| class SwapChainTests : public DawnTest { |
| public: |
| void SetUp() override { |
| DawnTest::SetUp(); |
| DAWN_TEST_UNSUPPORTED_IF(UsesWire()); |
| |
| // TODO(crbug.com/dawn/2492): Crashing on Ubuntu 22 (Mesa 23.2.1) + Intel UHD 630. Crash |
| // happens in SetUp code, so we cannot skip individual tests. |
| DAWN_TEST_UNSUPPORTED_IF(IsLinux() && IsIntel() && IsVulkan() && IsMesa("23.2.1")); |
| |
| glfwSetErrorCallback([](int code, const char* message) { |
| ErrorLog() << "GLFW error " << code << " " << message; |
| }); |
| |
| // GLFW can fail to start in headless environments, in which SwapChainTests are |
| // inapplicable. Skip this cases without producing a test failure. |
| if (glfwInit() == GLFW_FALSE) { |
| GTEST_SKIP(); |
| } |
| |
| // Set GLFW_NO_API to avoid GLFW bringing up a GL context that we won't use. |
| glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_NO_API); |
| window.reset( |
| glfwCreateWindow(400, 400, "SwapChainValidationTests window", nullptr, nullptr)); |
| |
| int width; |
| int height; |
| glfwGetFramebufferSize(window.get(), &width, &height); |
| |
| surface = wgpu::glfw::CreateSurfaceForWindow(GetInstance(), window.get()); |
| ASSERT_NE(surface, nullptr); |
| |
| baseDescriptor.width = width; |
| baseDescriptor.height = height; |
| baseDescriptor.usage = wgpu::TextureUsage::RenderAttachment; |
| baseDescriptor.format = wgpu::TextureFormat::BGRA8Unorm; |
| baseDescriptor.presentMode = wgpu::PresentMode::Mailbox; |
| } |
| |
| void TearDown() override { |
| // Destroy the surface before the window as required by webgpu-native. |
| surface = wgpu::Surface(); |
| window.reset(); |
| DawnTest::TearDown(); |
| } |
| |
| wgpu::SwapChain CreateSwapChain(wgpu::Surface const& otherSurface, |
| wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor const* descriptor) { |
| wgpu::SwapChain swapchain; |
| EXPECT_DEPRECATION_WARNING(swapchain = device.CreateSwapChain(otherSurface, descriptor)); |
| return swapchain; |
| } |
| |
| void ClearTexture(wgpu::Texture texture, wgpu::Color color) { |
| utils::ComboRenderPassDescriptor desc({texture.CreateView()}); |
| desc.cColorAttachments[0].loadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Clear; |
| desc.cColorAttachments[0].clearValue = color; |
| |
| wgpu::CommandEncoder encoder = device.CreateCommandEncoder(); |
| wgpu::RenderPassEncoder pass = encoder.BeginRenderPass(&desc); |
| pass.End(); |
| |
| wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish(); |
| queue.Submit(1, &commands); |
| } |
| |
| protected: |
| std::unique_ptr<GLFWwindow, GLFWindowDestroyer> window = nullptr; |
| wgpu::Surface surface; |
| |
| wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor baseDescriptor; |
| }; |
| |
| // Basic test for creating a swapchain and presenting one frame. |
| TEST_P(SwapChainTests, Basic) { |
| wgpu::SwapChain swapchain = CreateSwapChain(surface, &baseDescriptor); |
| ClearTexture(swapchain.GetCurrentTexture(), {1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0}); |
| swapchain.Present(); |
| } |
| |
| // Test replacing the swapchain |
| TEST_P(SwapChainTests, ReplaceBasic) { |
| wgpu::SwapChain swapchain1 = CreateSwapChain(surface, &baseDescriptor); |
| ClearTexture(swapchain1.GetCurrentTexture(), {1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0}); |
| swapchain1.Present(); |
| |
| wgpu::SwapChain swapchain2 = CreateSwapChain(surface, &baseDescriptor); |
| ClearTexture(swapchain2.GetCurrentTexture(), {0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0}); |
| swapchain2.Present(); |
| } |
| |
| // Test replacing the swapchain after GetCurrentTexture |
| TEST_P(SwapChainTests, ReplaceAfterGet) { |
| wgpu::SwapChain swapchain1 = CreateSwapChain(surface, &baseDescriptor); |
| ClearTexture(swapchain1.GetCurrentTexture(), {1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0}); |
| |
| wgpu::SwapChain swapchain2 = CreateSwapChain(surface, &baseDescriptor); |
| ClearTexture(swapchain2.GetCurrentTexture(), {0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0}); |
| swapchain2.Present(); |
| } |
| |
| // Test destroying the swapchain after GetCurrentTexture |
| TEST_P(SwapChainTests, DestroyAfterGet) { |
| wgpu::SwapChain swapchain = CreateSwapChain(surface, &baseDescriptor); |
| ClearTexture(swapchain.GetCurrentTexture(), {1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0}); |
| } |
| |
| // Test destroying the surface before the swapchain |
| TEST_P(SwapChainTests, DestroySurface) { |
| wgpu::SwapChain swapchain = CreateSwapChain(surface, &baseDescriptor); |
| surface = nullptr; |
| } |
| |
| // Test destroying the surface before the swapchain but after GetCurrentTexture |
| TEST_P(SwapChainTests, DestroySurfaceAfterGet) { |
| wgpu::SwapChain swapchain = CreateSwapChain(surface, &baseDescriptor); |
| ClearTexture(swapchain.GetCurrentTexture(), {1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0}); |
| surface = nullptr; |
| } |
| |
| // Test switching between present modes. |
| TEST_P(SwapChainTests, SwitchPresentMode) { |
| // Fails with "internal drawable creation failed" on the Windows NVIDIA CQ builders but not |
| // locally. |
| DAWN_SUPPRESS_TEST_IF(IsWindows() && IsVulkan() && IsNvidia()); |
| |
| // TODO(jiawei.shao@intel.com): find out why this test sometimes hangs on the latest Linux Intel |
| // Vulkan drivers. |
| DAWN_SUPPRESS_TEST_IF(IsLinux() && IsVulkan() && IsIntel()); |
| |
| constexpr wgpu::PresentMode kAllPresentModes[] = { |
| wgpu::PresentMode::Immediate, |
| wgpu::PresentMode::Fifo, |
| wgpu::PresentMode::Mailbox, |
| }; |
| |
| for (wgpu::PresentMode mode1 : kAllPresentModes) { |
| for (wgpu::PresentMode mode2 : kAllPresentModes) { |
| wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor desc = baseDescriptor; |
| |
| desc.presentMode = mode1; |
| wgpu::SwapChain swapchain1 = CreateSwapChain(surface, &desc); |
| ClearTexture(swapchain1.GetCurrentTexture(), {0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0}); |
| swapchain1.Present(); |
| |
| desc.presentMode = mode2; |
| wgpu::SwapChain swapchain2 = CreateSwapChain(surface, &desc); |
| ClearTexture(swapchain2.GetCurrentTexture(), {0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0}); |
| swapchain2.Present(); |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| |
| // Test resizing the swapchain and without resizing the window. |
| TEST_P(SwapChainTests, ResizingSwapChainOnly) { |
| for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { |
| wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor desc = baseDescriptor; |
| desc.width += i * 10; |
| desc.height -= i * 10; |
| |
| wgpu::SwapChain swapchain = CreateSwapChain(surface, &desc); |
| ClearTexture(swapchain.GetCurrentTexture(), {0.05f * i, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}); |
| swapchain.Present(); |
| } |
| } |
| |
| // Test resizing the window but not the swapchain. |
| TEST_P(SwapChainTests, ResizingWindowOnly) { |
| // TODO(crbug.com/1503912): Failing new ValidateImageAcquireWait in Vulkan Validation Layer. |
| DAWN_SUPPRESS_TEST_IF(IsBackendValidationEnabled() && IsWindows() && IsVulkan() && IsIntel()); |
| |
| wgpu::SwapChain swapchain = CreateSwapChain(surface, &baseDescriptor); |
| |
| for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { |
| glfwSetWindowSize(window.get(), 400 - 10 * i, 400 + 10 * i); |
| glfwPollEvents(); |
| |
| ClearTexture(swapchain.GetCurrentTexture(), {0.05f * i, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}); |
| swapchain.Present(); |
| } |
| } |
| |
| // Test resizing both the window and the swapchain at the same time. |
| TEST_P(SwapChainTests, ResizingWindowAndSwapChain) { |
| // TODO(crbug.com/dawn/1205) Currently failing on new NVIDIA GTX 1660s on Linux/Vulkan. |
| DAWN_SUPPRESS_TEST_IF(IsLinux() && IsVulkan() && IsNvidia()); |
| for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { |
| glfwSetWindowSize(window.get(), 400 - 10 * i, 400 + 10 * i); |
| glfwPollEvents(); |
| |
| int width; |
| int height; |
| glfwGetFramebufferSize(window.get(), &width, &height); |
| |
| wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor desc = baseDescriptor; |
| desc.width = width; |
| desc.height = height; |
| |
| wgpu::SwapChain swapchain = CreateSwapChain(surface, &desc); |
| ClearTexture(swapchain.GetCurrentTexture(), {0.05f * i, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}); |
| swapchain.Present(); |
| } |
| } |
| |
| // Test switching devices on the same adapter. |
| TEST_P(SwapChainTests, SwitchingDevice) { |
| // TODO(https://crbug.com/dawn/2116): Disabled due to new Validation Layer failures. |
| DAWN_SUPPRESS_TEST_IF(IsVulkan()); |
| |
| wgpu::Device device1 = CreateDevice(); |
| wgpu::Device device2 = CreateDevice(); |
| |
| for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { |
| wgpu::Device deviceToUse; |
| if (i % 2 == 0) { |
| deviceToUse = device1; |
| } else { |
| deviceToUse = device2; |
| } |
| |
| wgpu::SwapChain swapchain; |
| EXPECT_DEPRECATION_WARNING(swapchain = |
| deviceToUse.CreateSwapChain(surface, &baseDescriptor)); |
| swapchain.GetCurrentTexture(); |
| swapchain.Present(); |
| } |
| } |
| |
| // Test that calling Device.GetSupportedSurfaceUsage() will throw an error because |
| // SurfaceCapabilities is not enabled. |
| TEST_P(SwapChainTests, ErrorGetSurfaceSupportedUsage) { |
| DAWN_TEST_UNSUPPORTED_IF(HasToggleEnabled("skip_validation")); |
| EXPECT_FALSE(device.HasFeature(wgpu::FeatureName::SurfaceCapabilities)); |
| |
| ASSERT_DEVICE_ERROR_MSG( |
| { |
| wgpu::TextureUsage usageFlags; |
| EXPECT_DEPRECATION_WARNING(usageFlags = device.GetSupportedSurfaceUsage(surface)); |
| EXPECT_EQ(usageFlags, wgpu::TextureUsage::None); |
| }, |
| testing::HasSubstr("FeatureName::SurfaceCapabilities is not enabled")); |
| } |
| |
| // Test that creating swapchain with TextureBinding usage without enabling SurfaceCapabilities |
| // feature should fail. |
| TEST_P(SwapChainTests, ErrorCreateWithTextureBindingUsage) { |
| DAWN_TEST_UNSUPPORTED_IF(HasToggleEnabled("skip_validation")); |
| EXPECT_FALSE(device.HasFeature(wgpu::FeatureName::SurfaceCapabilities)); |
| |
| auto desc = baseDescriptor; |
| desc.usage = wgpu::TextureUsage::TextureBinding | wgpu::TextureUsage::RenderAttachment; |
| |
| ASSERT_DEVICE_ERROR_MSG( |
| { auto swapchain = CreateSwapChain(surface, &desc); }, |
| testing::HasSubstr("require enabling FeatureName::SurfaceCapabilities")); |
| } |
| |
| class SwapChainWithAdditionalUsageTests : public SwapChainTests { |
| protected: |
| std::vector<wgpu::FeatureName> GetRequiredFeatures() override { |
| std::vector<wgpu::FeatureName> features; |
| if (!UsesWire() && SupportsFeatures({wgpu::FeatureName::SurfaceCapabilities})) { |
| features.push_back(wgpu::FeatureName::SurfaceCapabilities); |
| } |
| return features; |
| } |
| |
| void SetUp() override { |
| SwapChainTests::SetUp(); |
| |
| // If parent class skipped the test, we should skip as well. |
| if (surface == nullptr) { |
| GTEST_SKIP(); |
| } |
| |
| DAWN_TEST_UNSUPPORTED_IF(!SupportsFeatures({wgpu::FeatureName::SurfaceCapabilities})); |
| } |
| |
| void SampleTexture(wgpu::Texture texture, utils::RGBA8 expectedColor) { |
| wgpu::TextureDescriptor texDescriptor; |
| texDescriptor.size = {texture.GetWidth(), texture.GetHeight(), 1}; |
| texDescriptor.format = wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA8Unorm; |
| texDescriptor.usage = wgpu::TextureUsage::RenderAttachment | wgpu::TextureUsage::CopySrc | |
| wgpu::TextureUsage::CopyDst; |
| texDescriptor.mipLevelCount = 1; |
| texDescriptor.sampleCount = 1; |
| |
| wgpu::Texture dstTexture = device.CreateTexture(&texDescriptor); |
| wgpu::TextureView dstView = dstTexture.CreateView(); |
| |
| // Create a render pipeline to blit |view| into |dstView|. |
| utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor pipelineDesc; |
| pipelineDesc.vertex.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"( |
| @vertex |
| fn main(@builtin(vertex_index) VertexIndex : u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4f { |
| var pos = array( |
| vec2f(-1.0, -1.0), |
| vec2f(-1.0, 1.0), |
| vec2f( 1.0, -1.0), |
| vec2f(-1.0, 1.0), |
| vec2f( 1.0, -1.0), |
| vec2f( 1.0, 1.0)); |
| return vec4f(pos[VertexIndex], 0.0, 1.0); |
| } |
| )"); |
| pipelineDesc.cFragment.module = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"( |
| @group(0) @binding(0) var texture : texture_2d<f32>; |
| |
| @fragment |
| fn main(@builtin(position) coord: vec4f) -> @location(0) vec4f { |
| return textureLoad(texture, vec2i(coord.xy), 0); |
| } |
| )"); |
| pipelineDesc.cTargets[0].format = texDescriptor.format; |
| |
| // Submit a render pass to perform the blit from |view| to |dstView|. |
| wgpu::CommandEncoder encoder = device.CreateCommandEncoder(); |
| { |
| wgpu::RenderPipeline pipeline = device.CreateRenderPipeline(&pipelineDesc); |
| |
| wgpu::BindGroup bindGroup = utils::MakeBindGroup(device, pipeline.GetBindGroupLayout(0), |
| {{0, texture.CreateView()}}); |
| |
| utils::ComboRenderPassDescriptor renderPassInfo({dstView}); |
| |
| wgpu::RenderPassEncoder pass = encoder.BeginRenderPass(&renderPassInfo); |
| pass.SetPipeline(pipeline); |
| pass.SetBindGroup(0, bindGroup); |
| pass.Draw(6); |
| pass.End(); |
| } |
| |
| wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish(); |
| queue.Submit(1, &commands); |
| |
| EXPECT_TEXTURE_EQ(expectedColor, dstTexture, {0, 0}); |
| EXPECT_TEXTURE_EQ(expectedColor, dstTexture, |
| {texture.GetWidth() - 1, texture.GetHeight() - 1}); |
| } |
| |
| void WriteTexture(wgpu::Texture texture, const utils::RGBA8& data) { |
| wgpu::Extent3D writeSize = {1, 1, 1}; |
| wgpu::ImageCopyTexture dest = {}; |
| dest.texture = texture; |
| wgpu::TextureDataLayout dataLayout = {}; |
| queue.WriteTexture(&dest, &data, sizeof(utils::RGBA8), &dataLayout, &writeSize); |
| } |
| }; |
| |
| TEST_P(SwapChainWithAdditionalUsageTests, GetSurfaceSupportedUsage) { |
| wgpu::TextureUsage usageFlags; |
| EXPECT_DEPRECATION_WARNING(usageFlags = device.GetSupportedSurfaceUsage(surface)); |
| EXPECT_NE(usageFlags, wgpu::TextureUsage::None); |
| } |
| |
| // Test that sampling from swapchain is supported. |
| TEST_P(SwapChainWithAdditionalUsageTests, SamplingFromSwapChain) { |
| wgpu::TextureUsage supportedUsages; |
| EXPECT_DEPRECATION_WARNING(supportedUsages = device.GetSupportedSurfaceUsage(surface)); |
| |
| // Skip all tests if readable surface doesn't support texture binding |
| DAWN_TEST_UNSUPPORTED_IF(!(supportedUsages & wgpu::TextureUsage::TextureBinding)); |
| |
| auto desc = baseDescriptor; |
| desc.usage = wgpu::TextureUsage::TextureBinding | wgpu::TextureUsage::RenderAttachment; |
| |
| wgpu::SwapChain swapchain = CreateSwapChain(surface, &desc); |
| ClearTexture(swapchain.GetCurrentTexture(), {1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0}); |
| |
| SampleTexture(swapchain.GetCurrentTexture(), utils::RGBA8::kRed); |
| |
| swapchain.Present(); |
| } |
| |
| // Test that including unsupported usage flag will result in error. |
| TEST_P(SwapChainWithAdditionalUsageTests, ErrorIncludeUnsupportedUsage) { |
| DAWN_TEST_UNSUPPORTED_IF(HasToggleEnabled("skip_validation")); |
| |
| wgpu::TextureUsage supportedUsages; |
| EXPECT_DEPRECATION_WARNING(supportedUsages = device.GetSupportedSurfaceUsage(surface)); |
| |
| // Assuming StorageBinding is not supported. |
| DAWN_TEST_UNSUPPORTED_IF(supportedUsages & wgpu::TextureUsage::StorageBinding); |
| |
| auto desc = baseDescriptor; |
| desc.usage = supportedUsages | wgpu::TextureUsage::StorageBinding; |
| |
| ASSERT_DEVICE_ERROR_MSG( |
| { auto swapchain = CreateSwapChain(surface, &desc); }, |
| testing::HasSubstr("is not supported")); |
| } |
| |
| // Test copying to a swapchain texture when it is supported. |
| TEST_P(SwapChainWithAdditionalUsageTests, CopyingToSwapChain) { |
| wgpu::TextureUsage supportedUsages; |
| EXPECT_DEPRECATION_WARNING(supportedUsages = device.GetSupportedSurfaceUsage(surface)); |
| |
| // We need the swapchain to support copying to the texture and at least one readback method. |
| DAWN_TEST_UNSUPPORTED_IF(!(supportedUsages & wgpu::TextureUsage::CopyDst)); |
| DAWN_TEST_UNSUPPORTED_IF( |
| !(supportedUsages & (wgpu::TextureUsage::CopySrc | wgpu::TextureUsage::TextureBinding))); |
| |
| wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor desc = baseDescriptor; |
| desc.usage = supportedUsages & (wgpu::TextureUsage::CopySrc | wgpu::TextureUsage::CopyDst | |
| wgpu::TextureUsage::TextureBinding); |
| desc.width = 1; |
| desc.height = 1; |
| |
| wgpu::SwapChain swapchain = CreateSwapChain(surface, &desc); |
| wgpu::Texture texture = swapchain.GetCurrentTexture(); |
| WriteTexture(texture, utils::RGBA8::kRed); |
| |
| if (supportedUsages & wgpu::TextureUsage::CopySrc) { |
| EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(utils::RGBA8::kRed, swapchain.GetCurrentTexture(), 0, 0); |
| } else { |
| // kBlue because the texture is actually BGRA |
| SampleTexture(texture, utils::RGBA8::kBlue); |
| } |
| } |
| |
| // Test copying from a swapchain texture when it is supported. |
| TEST_P(SwapChainWithAdditionalUsageTests, CopyingFromSwapChain) { |
| wgpu::TextureUsage supportedUsages; |
| EXPECT_DEPRECATION_WARNING(supportedUsages = device.GetSupportedSurfaceUsage(surface)); |
| |
| // We need the swapchain to support copying from the texture |
| DAWN_TEST_UNSUPPORTED_IF(!(supportedUsages & wgpu::TextureUsage::CopySrc)); |
| |
| wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor desc = baseDescriptor; |
| desc.usage |= wgpu::TextureUsage::CopySrc; |
| |
| wgpu::SwapChain swapchain = CreateSwapChain(surface, &desc); |
| wgpu::Texture texture = swapchain.GetCurrentTexture(); |
| |
| ClearTexture(swapchain.GetCurrentTexture(), {1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0}); |
| // kBlue because the texture is actually BGRA8 |
| EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(utils::RGBA8::kBlue, swapchain.GetCurrentTexture(), 0, 0); |
| } |
| |
| DAWN_INSTANTIATE_TEST(SwapChainTests, MetalBackend(), VulkanBackend()); |
| DAWN_INSTANTIATE_TEST(SwapChainWithAdditionalUsageTests, |
| D3D11Backend(), |
| D3D12Backend(), |
| MetalBackend(), |
| NullBackend(), |
| VulkanBackend()); |
| |
| } // anonymous namespace |
| } // namespace dawn |