src/utils/DawnHelpers.cpp - dawn - Git at Google

 // Copyright 2017 The Dawn Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 // You may obtain a copy of the License at
 //
 //     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 //
 // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.

 #include "utils/DawnHelpers.h"

 #include "common/Assert.h"
 #include "common/Constants.h"

 #include <shaderc/shaderc.hpp>

 #include <cstring>
 #include <iomanip>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <sstream>

 namespace utils {

     namespace {

         shaderc_shader_kind ShadercShaderKind(dawn::ShaderStage stage) {
             switch (stage) {
                 case dawn::ShaderStage::Vertex:
                     return shaderc_glsl_vertex_shader;
                 case dawn::ShaderStage::Fragment:
                     return shaderc_glsl_fragment_shader;
                 case dawn::ShaderStage::Compute:
                     return shaderc_glsl_compute_shader;
                 default:
                     UNREACHABLE();
             }
         }

         dawn::ShaderModule CreateShaderModuleFromResult(
             const dawn::Device& device,
             const shaderc::SpvCompilationResult& result) {
             // result.cend and result.cbegin return pointers to uint32_t.
             const uint32_t* resultBegin = result.cbegin();
             const uint32_t* resultEnd = result.cend();
             // So this size is in units of sizeof(uint32_t).
             ptrdiff_t resultSize = resultEnd - resultBegin;
             // SetSource takes data as uint32_t*.

             dawn::ShaderModuleDescriptor descriptor;
             descriptor.codeSize = static_cast<uint32_t>(resultSize);
             descriptor.code = result.cbegin();
             return device.CreateShaderModule(&descriptor);
         }

     }  // anonymous namespace

     dawn::ShaderModule CreateShaderModule(const dawn::Device& device,
                                           dawn::ShaderStage stage,
                                           const char* source) {
         shaderc_shader_kind kind = ShadercShaderKind(stage);

         shaderc::Compiler compiler;
         auto result = compiler.CompileGlslToSpv(source, strlen(source), kind, "myshader?");
         if (result.GetCompilationStatus() != shaderc_compilation_status_success) {
             std::cerr << result.GetErrorMessage();
             return {};
         }
 #ifdef DUMP_SPIRV_ASSEMBLY
         {
             shaderc::CompileOptions options;
             auto resultAsm = compiler.CompileGlslToSpvAssembly(source, strlen(source), kind,
                                                                "myshader?", options);
             size_t sizeAsm = (resultAsm.cend() - resultAsm.cbegin());

             char* buffer = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(sizeAsm + 1));
             memcpy(buffer, resultAsm.cbegin(), sizeAsm);
             buffer[sizeAsm] = '\0';
             printf("SPIRV ASSEMBLY DUMP START\n%s\nSPIRV ASSEMBLY DUMP END\n", buffer);
             free(buffer);
         }
 #endif

 #ifdef DUMP_SPIRV_JS_ARRAY
         printf("SPIRV JS ARRAY DUMP START\n");
         for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
             printf("%#010x", result.cbegin()[i]);
             if ((i + 1) % 4 == 0) {
                 printf(",\n");
             } else {
                 printf(", ");
             }
         }
         printf("\n");
         printf("SPIRV JS ARRAY DUMP END\n");
 #endif

         return CreateShaderModuleFromResult(device, result);
     }

     dawn::ShaderModule CreateShaderModuleFromASM(const dawn::Device& device, const char* source) {
         shaderc::Compiler compiler;
         shaderc::SpvCompilationResult result = compiler.AssembleToSpv(source, strlen(source));
         if (result.GetCompilationStatus() != shaderc_compilation_status_success) {
             std::cerr << result.GetErrorMessage();
             return {};
         }

         return CreateShaderModuleFromResult(device, result);
     }

     dawn::Buffer CreateBufferFromData(const dawn::Device& device,
                                       const void* data,
                                       uint64_t size,
                                       dawn::BufferUsageBit usage) {
         dawn::BufferDescriptor descriptor;
         descriptor.size = size;
         descriptor.usage = usage | dawn::BufferUsageBit::TransferDst;

         dawn::Buffer buffer = device.CreateBuffer(&descriptor);
         buffer.SetSubData(0, size, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(data));
         return buffer;
     }

     ComboRenderPassDescriptor::ComboRenderPassDescriptor(
         std::initializer_list<dawn::TextureView> colorAttachmentInfo,
         dawn::TextureView depthStencil)
         : cColorAttachmentsInfoPtr() {
         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < kMaxColorAttachments; ++i) {
             mColorAttachmentsInfo[i].loadOp = dawn::LoadOp::Clear;
             mColorAttachmentsInfo[i].storeOp = dawn::StoreOp::Store;
             mColorAttachmentsInfo[i].clearColor = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f};
             cColorAttachmentsInfoPtr[i] = nullptr;
         }

         cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.clearDepth = 1.0f;
         cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.clearStencil = 0;
         cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.depthLoadOp = dawn::LoadOp::Clear;
         cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.depthStoreOp = dawn::StoreOp::Store;
         cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.stencilLoadOp = dawn::LoadOp::Clear;
         cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.stencilStoreOp = dawn::StoreOp::Store;

         colorAttachmentCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(colorAttachmentInfo.size());
         uint32_t colorAttachmentIndex = 0;
         for (const dawn::TextureView& colorAttachment : colorAttachmentInfo) {
             if (colorAttachment.Get() != nullptr) {
                 mColorAttachmentsInfo[colorAttachmentIndex].attachment = colorAttachment;
                 cColorAttachmentsInfoPtr[colorAttachmentIndex] =
                     &mColorAttachmentsInfo[colorAttachmentIndex];
             }
             ++colorAttachmentIndex;
         }
         colorAttachments = cColorAttachmentsInfoPtr;

         if (depthStencil.Get() != nullptr) {
             cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.attachment = depthStencil;
             depthStencilAttachment = &cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo;
         } else {
             depthStencilAttachment = nullptr;
         }
     }

     const ComboRenderPassDescriptor& ComboRenderPassDescriptor::operator=(
         const ComboRenderPassDescriptor& otherRenderPass) {
         cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo = otherRenderPass.cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo;
         mColorAttachmentsInfo = otherRenderPass.mColorAttachmentsInfo;

         colorAttachmentCount = otherRenderPass.colorAttachmentCount;

         // Assign the pointers in colorAttachmentsInfoPtr to items in this->mColorAttachmentsInfo
         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < colorAttachmentCount; ++i) {
             if (otherRenderPass.cColorAttachmentsInfoPtr[i] != nullptr) {
                 cColorAttachmentsInfoPtr[i] = &mColorAttachmentsInfo[i];
             } else {
                 cColorAttachmentsInfoPtr[i] = nullptr;
             }
         }
         colorAttachments = cColorAttachmentsInfoPtr;

         if (otherRenderPass.depthStencilAttachment != nullptr) {
             // Assign desc.depthStencilAttachment to this->depthStencilAttachmentInfo;
             depthStencilAttachment = &cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo;
         } else {
             depthStencilAttachment = nullptr;
         }

         return *this;
     }

     BasicRenderPass::BasicRenderPass()
         : width(0),
           height(0),
           color(nullptr),
           colorFormat(dawn::TextureFormat::R8G8B8A8Unorm),
           renderPassInfo({}) {
     }

     BasicRenderPass::BasicRenderPass(uint32_t texWidth,
                                      uint32_t texHeight,
                                      dawn::Texture colorAttachment,
                                      dawn::TextureFormat textureFormat)
         : width(texWidth),
           height(texHeight),
           color(colorAttachment),
           colorFormat(textureFormat),
           renderPassInfo({colorAttachment.CreateDefaultView()}) {
     }

     BasicRenderPass CreateBasicRenderPass(const dawn::Device& device,
                                           uint32_t width,
                                           uint32_t height) {
         DAWN_ASSERT(width > 0 && height > 0);

         dawn::TextureFormat kColorFormat = dawn::TextureFormat::R8G8B8A8Unorm;

         dawn::TextureDescriptor descriptor;
         descriptor.dimension = dawn::TextureDimension::e2D;
         descriptor.size.width = width;
         descriptor.size.height = height;
         descriptor.size.depth = 1;
         descriptor.arrayLayerCount = 1;
         descriptor.sampleCount = 1;
         descriptor.format = kColorFormat;
         descriptor.mipLevelCount = 1;
         descriptor.usage =
             dawn::TextureUsageBit::OutputAttachment | dawn::TextureUsageBit::TransferSrc;
         dawn::Texture color = device.CreateTexture(&descriptor);

         return BasicRenderPass(width, height, color, kColorFormat);
     }

     dawn::BufferCopyView CreateBufferCopyView(dawn::Buffer buffer,
                                               uint64_t offset,
                                               uint32_t rowPitch,
                                               uint32_t imageHeight) {
         dawn::BufferCopyView bufferCopyView;
         bufferCopyView.buffer = buffer;
         bufferCopyView.offset = offset;
         bufferCopyView.rowPitch = rowPitch;
         bufferCopyView.imageHeight = imageHeight;

         return bufferCopyView;
     }

     dawn::TextureCopyView CreateTextureCopyView(dawn::Texture texture,
                                                 uint32_t level,
                                                 uint32_t slice,
                                                 dawn::Origin3D origin) {
         dawn::TextureCopyView textureCopyView;
         textureCopyView.texture = texture;
         textureCopyView.level = level;
         textureCopyView.slice = slice;
         textureCopyView.origin = origin;

         return textureCopyView;
     }

     dawn::SamplerDescriptor GetDefaultSamplerDescriptor() {
         dawn::SamplerDescriptor desc;

         desc.minFilter = dawn::FilterMode::Linear;
         desc.magFilter = dawn::FilterMode::Linear;
         desc.mipmapFilter = dawn::FilterMode::Linear;
         desc.addressModeU = dawn::AddressMode::Repeat;
         desc.addressModeV = dawn::AddressMode::Repeat;
         desc.addressModeW = dawn::AddressMode::Repeat;
         desc.lodMinClamp = kLodMin;
         desc.lodMaxClamp = kLodMax;
         desc.compareFunction = dawn::CompareFunction::Never;

         return desc;
     }

     dawn::PipelineLayout MakeBasicPipelineLayout(const dawn::Device& device,
                                                  const dawn::BindGroupLayout* bindGroupLayout) {
         dawn::PipelineLayoutDescriptor descriptor;
         if (bindGroupLayout) {
             descriptor.bindGroupLayoutCount = 1;
             descriptor.bindGroupLayouts = bindGroupLayout;
         } else {
             descriptor.bindGroupLayoutCount = 0;
             descriptor.bindGroupLayouts = nullptr;
         }
         return device.CreatePipelineLayout(&descriptor);
     }

     dawn::BindGroupLayout MakeBindGroupLayout(
         const dawn::Device& device,
         std::initializer_list<dawn::BindGroupLayoutBinding> bindingsInitializer) {
         constexpr dawn::ShaderStageBit kNoStages{};

         std::vector<dawn::BindGroupLayoutBinding> bindings;
         for (const dawn::BindGroupLayoutBinding& binding : bindingsInitializer) {
             if (binding.visibility != kNoStages) {
                 bindings.push_back(binding);
             }
         }

         dawn::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor descriptor;
         descriptor.bindingCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(bindings.size());
         descriptor.bindings = bindings.data();
         return device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&descriptor);
     }

     BindingInitializationHelper::BindingInitializationHelper(uint32_t binding,
                                                              const dawn::Sampler& sampler)
         : binding(binding), sampler(sampler) {
     }

     BindingInitializationHelper::BindingInitializationHelper(uint32_t binding,
                                                              const dawn::TextureView& textureView)
         : binding(binding), textureView(textureView) {
     }

     BindingInitializationHelper::BindingInitializationHelper(uint32_t binding,
                                                              const dawn::Buffer& buffer,
                                                              uint64_t offset,
                                                              uint64_t size)
         : binding(binding), buffer(buffer), offset(offset), size(size) {
     }

     dawn::BindGroupBinding BindingInitializationHelper::GetAsBinding() const {
         dawn::BindGroupBinding result;

         result.binding = binding;
         result.sampler = sampler;
         result.textureView = textureView;
         result.buffer = buffer;
         result.offset = offset;
         result.size = size;

         return result;
     }

     dawn::BindGroup MakeBindGroup(
         const dawn::Device& device,
         const dawn::BindGroupLayout& layout,
         std::initializer_list<BindingInitializationHelper> bindingsInitializer) {
         std::vector<dawn::BindGroupBinding> bindings;
         for (const BindingInitializationHelper& helper : bindingsInitializer) {
             bindings.push_back(helper.GetAsBinding());
         }

         dawn::BindGroupDescriptor descriptor;
         descriptor.layout = layout;
         descriptor.bindingCount = bindings.size();
         descriptor.bindings = bindings.data();

         return device.CreateBindGroup(&descriptor);
     }

 }  // namespace utils
	// Copyright 2017 The Dawn Authors
	//
	// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
	// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
	// You may obtain a copy of the License at
	//
	// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
	//
	// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
	// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
	// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
	// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
	// limitations under the License.

	#include "utils/DawnHelpers.h"

	#include "common/Assert.h"
	#include "common/Constants.h"

	#include <shaderc/shaderc.hpp>

	#include <cstring>
	#include <iomanip>
	#include <iostream>
	#include <sstream>

	namespace utils {

	namespace {

	shaderc_shader_kind ShadercShaderKind(dawn::ShaderStage stage) {
	switch (stage) {
	case dawn::ShaderStage::Vertex:
	return shaderc_glsl_vertex_shader;
	case dawn::ShaderStage::Fragment:
	return shaderc_glsl_fragment_shader;
	case dawn::ShaderStage::Compute:
	return shaderc_glsl_compute_shader;
	default:
	UNREACHABLE();
	}
	}

	dawn::ShaderModule CreateShaderModuleFromResult(
	const dawn::Device& device,
	const shaderc::SpvCompilationResult& result) {
	// result.cend and result.cbegin return pointers to uint32_t.
	const uint32_t* resultBegin = result.cbegin();
	const uint32_t* resultEnd = result.cend();
	// So this size is in units of sizeof(uint32_t).
	ptrdiff_t resultSize = resultEnd - resultBegin;
	// SetSource takes data as uint32_t*.

	dawn::ShaderModuleDescriptor descriptor;
	descriptor.codeSize = static_cast<uint32_t>(resultSize);
	descriptor.code = result.cbegin();
	return device.CreateShaderModule(&descriptor);
	}

	} // anonymous namespace

	dawn::ShaderModule CreateShaderModule(const dawn::Device& device,
	dawn::ShaderStage stage,
	const char* source) {
	shaderc_shader_kind kind = ShadercShaderKind(stage);

	shaderc::Compiler compiler;
	auto result = compiler.CompileGlslToSpv(source, strlen(source), kind, "myshader?");
	if (result.GetCompilationStatus() != shaderc_compilation_status_success) {
	std::cerr << result.GetErrorMessage();
	return {};
	}
	#ifdef DUMP_SPIRV_ASSEMBLY
	{
	shaderc::CompileOptions options;
	auto resultAsm = compiler.CompileGlslToSpvAssembly(source, strlen(source), kind,
	"myshader?", options);
	size_t sizeAsm = (resultAsm.cend() - resultAsm.cbegin());

	char* buffer = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(sizeAsm + 1));
	memcpy(buffer, resultAsm.cbegin(), sizeAsm);
	buffer[sizeAsm] = '\0';
	printf("SPIRV ASSEMBLY DUMP START\n%s\nSPIRV ASSEMBLY DUMP END\n", buffer);
	free(buffer);
	}
	#endif

	#ifdef DUMP_SPIRV_JS_ARRAY
	printf("SPIRV JS ARRAY DUMP START\n");
	for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
	printf("%#010x", result.cbegin()[i]);
	if ((i + 1) % 4 == 0) {
	printf(",\n");
	} else {
	printf(", ");
	}
	}
	printf("\n");
	printf("SPIRV JS ARRAY DUMP END\n");
	#endif

	return CreateShaderModuleFromResult(device, result);
	}

	dawn::ShaderModule CreateShaderModuleFromASM(const dawn::Device& device, const char* source) {
	shaderc::Compiler compiler;
	shaderc::SpvCompilationResult result = compiler.AssembleToSpv(source, strlen(source));
	if (result.GetCompilationStatus() != shaderc_compilation_status_success) {
	std::cerr << result.GetErrorMessage();
	return {};
	}

	return CreateShaderModuleFromResult(device, result);
	}

	dawn::Buffer CreateBufferFromData(const dawn::Device& device,
	const void* data,
	uint64_t size,
	dawn::BufferUsageBit usage) {
	dawn::BufferDescriptor descriptor;
	descriptor.size = size;
	descriptor.usage = usage \| dawn::BufferUsageBit::TransferDst;

	dawn::Buffer buffer = device.CreateBuffer(&descriptor);
	buffer.SetSubData(0, size, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(data));
	return buffer;
	}

	ComboRenderPassDescriptor::ComboRenderPassDescriptor(
	std::initializer_list<dawn::TextureView> colorAttachmentInfo,
	dawn::TextureView depthStencil)
	: cColorAttachmentsInfoPtr() {
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < kMaxColorAttachments; ++i) {
	mColorAttachmentsInfo[i].loadOp = dawn::LoadOp::Clear;
	mColorAttachmentsInfo[i].storeOp = dawn::StoreOp::Store;
	mColorAttachmentsInfo[i].clearColor = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f};
	cColorAttachmentsInfoPtr[i] = nullptr;
	}

	cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.clearDepth = 1.0f;
	cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.clearStencil = 0;
	cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.depthLoadOp = dawn::LoadOp::Clear;
	cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.depthStoreOp = dawn::StoreOp::Store;
	cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.stencilLoadOp = dawn::LoadOp::Clear;
	cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.stencilStoreOp = dawn::StoreOp::Store;

	colorAttachmentCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(colorAttachmentInfo.size());
	uint32_t colorAttachmentIndex = 0;
	for (const dawn::TextureView& colorAttachment : colorAttachmentInfo) {
	if (colorAttachment.Get() != nullptr) {
	mColorAttachmentsInfo[colorAttachmentIndex].attachment = colorAttachment;
	cColorAttachmentsInfoPtr[colorAttachmentIndex] =
	&mColorAttachmentsInfo[colorAttachmentIndex];
	}
	++colorAttachmentIndex;
	}
	colorAttachments = cColorAttachmentsInfoPtr;

	if (depthStencil.Get() != nullptr) {
	cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.attachment = depthStencil;
	depthStencilAttachment = &cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo;
	} else {
	depthStencilAttachment = nullptr;
	}
	}

	const ComboRenderPassDescriptor& ComboRenderPassDescriptor::operator=(
	const ComboRenderPassDescriptor& otherRenderPass) {
	cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo = otherRenderPass.cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo;
	mColorAttachmentsInfo = otherRenderPass.mColorAttachmentsInfo;

	colorAttachmentCount = otherRenderPass.colorAttachmentCount;

	// Assign the pointers in colorAttachmentsInfoPtr to items in this->mColorAttachmentsInfo
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < colorAttachmentCount; ++i) {
	if (otherRenderPass.cColorAttachmentsInfoPtr[i] != nullptr) {
	cColorAttachmentsInfoPtr[i] = &mColorAttachmentsInfo[i];
	} else {
	cColorAttachmentsInfoPtr[i] = nullptr;
	}
	}
	colorAttachments = cColorAttachmentsInfoPtr;

	if (otherRenderPass.depthStencilAttachment != nullptr) {
	// Assign desc.depthStencilAttachment to this->depthStencilAttachmentInfo;
	depthStencilAttachment = &cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo;
	} else {
	depthStencilAttachment = nullptr;
	}

	return *this;
	}

	BasicRenderPass::BasicRenderPass()
	: width(0),
	height(0),
	color(nullptr),
	colorFormat(dawn::TextureFormat::R8G8B8A8Unorm),
	renderPassInfo({}) {
	}

	BasicRenderPass::BasicRenderPass(uint32_t texWidth,
	uint32_t texHeight,
	dawn::Texture colorAttachment,
	dawn::TextureFormat textureFormat)
	: width(texWidth),
	height(texHeight),
	color(colorAttachment),
	colorFormat(textureFormat),
	renderPassInfo({colorAttachment.CreateDefaultView()}) {
	}

	BasicRenderPass CreateBasicRenderPass(const dawn::Device& device,
	uint32_t width,
	uint32_t height) {
	DAWN_ASSERT(width > 0 && height > 0);

	dawn::TextureFormat kColorFormat = dawn::TextureFormat::R8G8B8A8Unorm;

	dawn::TextureDescriptor descriptor;
	descriptor.dimension = dawn::TextureDimension::e2D;
	descriptor.size.width = width;
	descriptor.size.height = height;
	descriptor.size.depth = 1;
	descriptor.arrayLayerCount = 1;
	descriptor.sampleCount = 1;
	descriptor.format = kColorFormat;
	descriptor.mipLevelCount = 1;
	descriptor.usage =
	dawn::TextureUsageBit::OutputAttachment \| dawn::TextureUsageBit::TransferSrc;
	dawn::Texture color = device.CreateTexture(&descriptor);

	return BasicRenderPass(width, height, color, kColorFormat);
	}

	dawn::BufferCopyView CreateBufferCopyView(dawn::Buffer buffer,
	uint64_t offset,
	uint32_t rowPitch,
	uint32_t imageHeight) {
	dawn::BufferCopyView bufferCopyView;
	bufferCopyView.buffer = buffer;
	bufferCopyView.offset = offset;
	bufferCopyView.rowPitch = rowPitch;
	bufferCopyView.imageHeight = imageHeight;

	return bufferCopyView;
	}

	dawn::TextureCopyView CreateTextureCopyView(dawn::Texture texture,
	uint32_t level,
	uint32_t slice,
	dawn::Origin3D origin) {
	dawn::TextureCopyView textureCopyView;
	textureCopyView.texture = texture;
	textureCopyView.level = level;
	textureCopyView.slice = slice;
	textureCopyView.origin = origin;

	return textureCopyView;
	}

	dawn::SamplerDescriptor GetDefaultSamplerDescriptor() {
	dawn::SamplerDescriptor desc;

	desc.minFilter = dawn::FilterMode::Linear;
	desc.magFilter = dawn::FilterMode::Linear;
	desc.mipmapFilter = dawn::FilterMode::Linear;
	desc.addressModeU = dawn::AddressMode::Repeat;
	desc.addressModeV = dawn::AddressMode::Repeat;
	desc.addressModeW = dawn::AddressMode::Repeat;
	desc.lodMinClamp = kLodMin;
	desc.lodMaxClamp = kLodMax;
	desc.compareFunction = dawn::CompareFunction::Never;

	return desc;
	}

	dawn::PipelineLayout MakeBasicPipelineLayout(const dawn::Device& device,
	const dawn::BindGroupLayout* bindGroupLayout) {
	dawn::PipelineLayoutDescriptor descriptor;
	if (bindGroupLayout) {
	descriptor.bindGroupLayoutCount = 1;
	descriptor.bindGroupLayouts = bindGroupLayout;
	} else {
	descriptor.bindGroupLayoutCount = 0;
	descriptor.bindGroupLayouts = nullptr;
	}
	return device.CreatePipelineLayout(&descriptor);
	}

	dawn::BindGroupLayout MakeBindGroupLayout(
	const dawn::Device& device,
	std::initializer_list<dawn::BindGroupLayoutBinding> bindingsInitializer) {
	constexpr dawn::ShaderStageBit kNoStages{};

	std::vector<dawn::BindGroupLayoutBinding> bindings;
	for (const dawn::BindGroupLayoutBinding& binding : bindingsInitializer) {
	if (binding.visibility != kNoStages) {
	bindings.push_back(binding);
	}
	}

	dawn::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor descriptor;
	descriptor.bindingCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(bindings.size());
	descriptor.bindings = bindings.data();
	return device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&descriptor);
	}

	BindingInitializationHelper::BindingInitializationHelper(uint32_t binding,
	const dawn::Sampler& sampler)
	: binding(binding), sampler(sampler) {
	}

	BindingInitializationHelper::BindingInitializationHelper(uint32_t binding,
	const dawn::TextureView& textureView)
	: binding(binding), textureView(textureView) {
	}

	BindingInitializationHelper::BindingInitializationHelper(uint32_t binding,
	const dawn::Buffer& buffer,
	uint64_t offset,
	uint64_t size)
	: binding(binding), buffer(buffer), offset(offset), size(size) {
	}

	dawn::BindGroupBinding BindingInitializationHelper::GetAsBinding() const {
	dawn::BindGroupBinding result;

	result.binding = binding;
	result.sampler = sampler;
	result.textureView = textureView;
	result.buffer = buffer;
	result.offset = offset;
	result.size = size;

	return result;
	}

	dawn::BindGroup MakeBindGroup(
	const dawn::Device& device,
	const dawn::BindGroupLayout& layout,
	std::initializer_list<BindingInitializationHelper> bindingsInitializer) {
	std::vector<dawn::BindGroupBinding> bindings;
	for (const BindingInitializationHelper& helper : bindingsInitializer) {
	bindings.push_back(helper.GetAsBinding());
	}

	dawn::BindGroupDescriptor descriptor;
	descriptor.layout = layout;
	descriptor.bindingCount = bindings.size();
	descriptor.bindings = bindings.data();

	return device.CreateBindGroup(&descriptor);
	}

	} // namespace utils