src/dawn/native/BlitBufferToDepthStencil.cpp - dawn - Git at Google

 // Copyright 2023 The Dawn & Tint Authors
 //
 // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 //
 // 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
 //    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 //
 // 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 //    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
 //    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 //
 // 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
 //    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 //    this software without specific prior written permission.
 //
 // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 // AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 // IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 // DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 // FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 // DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
 // SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
 // CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
 // OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

 #include "dawn/native/BlitBufferToDepthStencil.h"

 #include <utility>

 #include "dawn/common/Assert.h"
 #include "dawn/native/BindGroup.h"
 #include "dawn/native/CommandBuffer.h"
 #include "dawn/native/CommandEncoder.h"
 #include "dawn/native/Device.h"
 #include "dawn/native/InternalPipelineStore.h"
 #include "dawn/native/Queue.h"
 #include "dawn/native/RenderPassEncoder.h"
 #include "dawn/native/RenderPipeline.h"

 namespace dawn::native {

 namespace {

 constexpr char kBlitRG8ToDepthShaders[] = R"(

 @vertex fn vert_fullscreen_quad(
   @builtin(vertex_index) vertex_index : u32
 ) -> @builtin(position) vec4f {
   const pos = array(
       vec2f(-1.0, -1.0),
       vec2f( 3.0, -1.0),
       vec2f(-1.0,  3.0));
   return vec4f(pos[vertex_index], 0.0, 1.0);
 }

 struct Params {
   origin : vec2u
 };

 @group(0) @binding(0) var src_tex : texture_2d<u32>;
 @group(0) @binding(1) var<uniform> params : Params;

 @fragment fn blit_to_depth(
     @builtin(position) position : vec4f
 ) -> @builtin(frag_depth) f32 {
   // Load the source texel.
   let src_texel = textureLoad(
     src_tex, vec2u(position.xy) - params.origin, 0u);

   let depth_u16_val = (src_texel.y << 8u) + src_texel.x;

   const one_over_max : f32 = 1.0 / f32(0xFFFFu);
   return f32(depth_u16_val) * one_over_max;
 }

 )";

 constexpr char kBlitStencilShaders[] = R"(

 struct VertexOutputs {
   @location(0) @interpolate(flat) stencil_val : u32,
   @builtin(position) position : vec4f,
 };

 // The instance_index here is not used for instancing.
 // It represents the current stencil mask we're testing in the
 // source.
 // This is a cheap way to get the stencil value into the shader
 // since WebGPU doesn't have push constants.
 @vertex fn vert_fullscreen_quad(
   @builtin(vertex_index) vertex_index : u32,
   @builtin(instance_index) instance_index: u32,
 ) -> VertexOutputs {
   const pos = array(
       vec2f(-1.0, -1.0),
       vec2f( 3.0, -1.0),
       vec2f(-1.0,  3.0));
   return VertexOutputs(
     instance_index,
     vec4f(pos[vertex_index], 0.0, 1.0),
   );
 }

 struct Params {
   origin : vec2u
 };

 @group(0) @binding(0) var src_tex : texture_2d<u32>;
 @group(0) @binding(1) var<uniform> params : Params;

 // Do nothing (but also don't discard). Used for clearing
 // stencil to 0.
 @fragment fn frag_noop() {}

 // Discard the fragment if the source texture doesn't
 // have the stencil_val.
 @fragment fn frag_check_src_stencil(input : VertexOutputs) {
   // Load the source stencil value.
   let src_val : u32 = textureLoad(
     src_tex, vec2u(input.position.xy) - params.origin, 0u)[0];

   // Discard it if it doesn't contain the stencil reference.
   if ((src_val & input.stencil_val) == 0u) {
     discard;
   }
 }

 )";

 ResultOrError<Ref<RenderPipelineBase>> GetOrCreateRG8ToDepth16UnormPipeline(DeviceBase* device) {
     InternalPipelineStore* store = device->GetInternalPipelineStore();
     if (store->blitRG8ToDepth16UnormPipeline != nullptr) {
         return store->blitRG8ToDepth16UnormPipeline;
     }

     ShaderModuleWGSLDescriptor wgslDesc = {};
     ShaderModuleDescriptor shaderModuleDesc = {};
     shaderModuleDesc.nextInChain = &wgslDesc;
     wgslDesc.code = kBlitRG8ToDepthShaders;

     Ref<ShaderModuleBase> shaderModule;
     DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(shaderModule, device->CreateShaderModule(&shaderModuleDesc));

     FragmentState fragmentState = {};
     fragmentState.module = shaderModule.Get();
     fragmentState.entryPoint = "blit_to_depth";

     DepthStencilState dsState = {};
     dsState.format = wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth16Unorm;
     dsState.depthWriteEnabled = true;
     dsState.depthCompare = wgpu::CompareFunction::Always;

     RenderPipelineDescriptor renderPipelineDesc = {};
     renderPipelineDesc.vertex.module = shaderModule.Get();
     renderPipelineDesc.vertex.entryPoint = "vert_fullscreen_quad";
     renderPipelineDesc.depthStencil = &dsState;
     renderPipelineDesc.fragment = &fragmentState;

     Ref<RenderPipelineBase> pipeline;
     DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(pipeline, device->CreateRenderPipeline(&renderPipelineDesc));

     store->blitRG8ToDepth16UnormPipeline = pipeline;
     return pipeline;
 }

 ResultOrError<InternalPipelineStore::BlitR8ToStencilPipelines> GetOrCreateR8ToStencilPipelines(
     DeviceBase* device,
     wgpu::TextureFormat format,
     BindGroupLayoutBase* bgl) {
     InternalPipelineStore* store = device->GetInternalPipelineStore();
     {
         auto it = store->blitR8ToStencilPipelines.find(format);
         if (it != store->blitR8ToStencilPipelines.end()) {
             return InternalPipelineStore::BlitR8ToStencilPipelines{it->second};
         }
     }

     Ref<PipelineLayoutBase> pipelineLayout;
     {
         PipelineLayoutDescriptor plDesc = {};
         plDesc.bindGroupLayoutCount = 1;

         plDesc.bindGroupLayouts = &bgl;
         DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(pipelineLayout, device->CreatePipelineLayout(&plDesc));
     }

     ShaderModuleWGSLDescriptor wgslDesc = {};
     ShaderModuleDescriptor shaderModuleDesc = {};
     shaderModuleDesc.nextInChain = &wgslDesc;
     wgslDesc.code = kBlitStencilShaders;

     Ref<ShaderModuleBase> shaderModule;
     DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(shaderModule, device->CreateShaderModule(&shaderModuleDesc));

     FragmentState fragmentState = {};
     fragmentState.module = shaderModule.Get();

     DepthStencilState dsState = {};
     dsState.format = format;
     dsState.depthWriteEnabled = false;
     dsState.depthCompare = wgpu::CompareFunction::Always;
     dsState.stencilFront.passOp = wgpu::StencilOperation::Replace;

     RenderPipelineDescriptor renderPipelineDesc = {};
     renderPipelineDesc.layout = pipelineLayout.Get();
     renderPipelineDesc.vertex.module = shaderModule.Get();
     renderPipelineDesc.vertex.entryPoint = "vert_fullscreen_quad";
     renderPipelineDesc.depthStencil = &dsState;
     renderPipelineDesc.fragment = &fragmentState;

     // Build a pipeline to clear stencil to 0. We need a pipeline, and not just a render pass load
     // op because the copy region may be a subregion of the stencil texture.
     Ref<RenderPipelineBase> clearPipeline;
     fragmentState.entryPoint = "frag_noop";
     DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(clearPipeline, device->CreateRenderPipeline(&renderPipelineDesc));

     // Build 8 pipelines masked to replace each bit of the stencil.
     std::array<Ref<RenderPipelineBase>, 8> setStencilPipelines;
     fragmentState.entryPoint = "frag_check_src_stencil";
     for (uint32_t bit = 0; bit < 8; ++bit) {
         dsState.stencilWriteMask = 1u << bit;
         DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(setStencilPipelines[bit],
                         device->CreateRenderPipeline(&renderPipelineDesc));
     }

     InternalPipelineStore::BlitR8ToStencilPipelines pipelines{std::move(clearPipeline),
                                                               std::move(setStencilPipelines)};
     store->blitR8ToStencilPipelines.emplace(format, pipelines);
     return pipelines;
 }

 MaybeError BlitRG8ToDepth16Unorm(DeviceBase* device,
                                  CommandEncoder* commandEncoder,
                                  TextureBase* dataTexture,
                                  const TextureCopy& dst,
                                  const Extent3D& copyExtent) {
     DAWN_ASSERT(device->IsLockedByCurrentThreadIfNeeded());
     DAWN_ASSERT(dst.texture->GetFormat().format == wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth16Unorm);
     DAWN_ASSERT(dataTexture->GetFormat().format == wgpu::TextureFormat::RG8Uint);

     // Allow internal usages since we need to use the destination
     // as a render attachment.
     auto scope = commandEncoder->MakeInternalUsageScope();

     Ref<RenderPipelineBase> pipeline;
     DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(pipeline, GetOrCreateRG8ToDepth16UnormPipeline(device));

     Ref<BindGroupLayoutBase> bgl;
     DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(bgl, pipeline->GetBindGroupLayout(0));

     for (uint32_t z = 0; z < copyExtent.depthOrArrayLayers; ++z) {
         Ref<TextureViewBase> srcView;
         {
             TextureViewDescriptor viewDesc = {};
             viewDesc.dimension = wgpu::TextureViewDimension::e2D;
             viewDesc.baseArrayLayer = z;
             viewDesc.arrayLayerCount = 1;
             viewDesc.mipLevelCount = 1;
             DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(srcView, dataTexture->CreateView(&viewDesc));
         }

         Ref<TextureViewBase> dstView;
         {
             TextureViewDescriptor viewDesc = {};
             viewDesc.dimension = wgpu::TextureViewDimension::e2D;
             viewDesc.baseArrayLayer = dst.origin.z + z;
             viewDesc.arrayLayerCount = 1;
             viewDesc.baseMipLevel = dst.mipLevel;
             viewDesc.mipLevelCount = 1;
             DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(dstView, dst.texture->CreateView(&viewDesc));
         }

         Ref<BufferBase> paramsBuffer;
         {
             BufferDescriptor bufferDesc = {};
             bufferDesc.size = sizeof(uint32_t) * 2;
             bufferDesc.usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::Uniform;
             bufferDesc.mappedAtCreation = true;
             DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(paramsBuffer, device->CreateBuffer(&bufferDesc));

             uint32_t* params =
                 static_cast<uint32_t*>(paramsBuffer->GetMappedRange(0, bufferDesc.size));
             params[0] = dst.origin.x;
             params[1] = dst.origin.y;
             DAWN_TRY(paramsBuffer->Unmap());
         }

         Ref<BindGroupBase> bindGroup;
         {
             std::array<BindGroupEntry, 2> bgEntries = {};
             bgEntries[0].binding = 0;
             bgEntries[0].textureView = srcView.Get();
             bgEntries[1].binding = 1;
             bgEntries[1].buffer = paramsBuffer.Get();

             BindGroupDescriptor bgDesc = {};
             bgDesc.layout = bgl.Get();
             bgDesc.entryCount = bgEntries.size();
             bgDesc.entries = bgEntries.data();
             DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(bindGroup, device->CreateBindGroup(&bgDesc));
         }

         RenderPassDepthStencilAttachment dsAttachment;
         dsAttachment.view = dstView.Get();
         dsAttachment.depthClearValue = 0.0;
         dsAttachment.depthLoadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Load;
         dsAttachment.depthStoreOp = wgpu::StoreOp::Store;

         RenderPassDescriptor rpDesc = {};
         rpDesc.depthStencilAttachment = &dsAttachment;

         Ref<RenderPassEncoder> pass = commandEncoder->BeginRenderPass(&rpDesc);
         // Bind the resources.
         pass->APISetBindGroup(0, bindGroup.Get());
         // Discard all fragments outside the copy region.
         pass->APISetScissorRect(dst.origin.x, dst.origin.y, copyExtent.width, copyExtent.height);

         // Draw to perform the blit.
         pass->APISetPipeline(pipeline.Get());
         pass->APIDraw(3, 1, 0, 0);

         pass->End();
     }
     return {};
 }

 MaybeError BlitR8ToStencil(DeviceBase* device,
                            CommandEncoder* commandEncoder,
                            TextureBase* dataTexture,
                            const TextureCopy& dst,
                            const Extent3D& copyExtent) {
     DAWN_ASSERT(device->IsLockedByCurrentThreadIfNeeded());
     const Format& format = dst.texture->GetFormat();
     DAWN_ASSERT(dst.aspect == Aspect::Stencil);

     // Allow internal usages since we need to use the destination
     // as a render attachment.
     auto scope = commandEncoder->MakeInternalUsageScope();

     // This bgl is the same for all the render pipelines.
     Ref<BindGroupLayoutBase> bgl;
     {
         std::array<BindGroupLayoutEntry, 2> bglEntries = {};
         // Binding 0: the r8uint texture.
         bglEntries[0].binding = 0;
         bglEntries[0].visibility = wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment;
         bglEntries[0].texture.sampleType = wgpu::TextureSampleType::Uint;
         // Binding 1: the params buffer.
         bglEntries[1].binding = 1;
         bglEntries[1].visibility = wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment;
         bglEntries[1].buffer.type = wgpu::BufferBindingType::Uniform;
         bglEntries[1].buffer.minBindingSize = 2 * sizeof(uint32_t);

         BindGroupLayoutDescriptor bglDesc = {};
         bglDesc.entryCount = bglEntries.size();
         bglDesc.entries = bglEntries.data();

         DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(bgl, device->CreateBindGroupLayout(&bglDesc));
     }

     InternalPipelineStore::BlitR8ToStencilPipelines pipelines;
     DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(pipelines, GetOrCreateR8ToStencilPipelines(device, format.format, bgl.Get()));

     // Build the params buffer, containing the copy dst origin.
     Ref<BufferBase> paramsBuffer;
     {
         BufferDescriptor bufferDesc = {};
         bufferDesc.size = sizeof(uint32_t) * 2;
         bufferDesc.usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::Uniform;
         bufferDesc.mappedAtCreation = true;
         DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(paramsBuffer, device->CreateBuffer(&bufferDesc));

         uint32_t* params = static_cast<uint32_t*>(paramsBuffer->GetMappedRange(0, bufferDesc.size));
         params[0] = dst.origin.x;
         params[1] = dst.origin.y;
         DAWN_TRY(paramsBuffer->Unmap());
     }

     // For each layer, blit the stencil data.
     for (uint32_t z = 0; z < copyExtent.depthOrArrayLayers; ++z) {
         Ref<TextureViewBase> srcView;
         {
             TextureViewDescriptor viewDesc = {};
             viewDesc.dimension = wgpu::TextureViewDimension::e2D;
             viewDesc.baseArrayLayer = z;
             viewDesc.arrayLayerCount = 1;
             viewDesc.mipLevelCount = 1;
             DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(srcView, dataTexture->CreateView(&viewDesc));
         }

         Ref<TextureViewBase> dstView;
         {
             TextureViewDescriptor viewDesc = {};
             viewDesc.dimension = wgpu::TextureViewDimension::e2D;
             viewDesc.baseArrayLayer = dst.origin.z + z;
             viewDesc.arrayLayerCount = 1;
             viewDesc.baseMipLevel = dst.mipLevel;
             viewDesc.mipLevelCount = 1;
             DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(dstView, dst.texture->CreateView(&viewDesc));
         }

         Ref<BindGroupBase> bindGroup;
         {
             std::array<BindGroupEntry, 2> bgEntries = {};
             bgEntries[0].binding = 0;
             bgEntries[0].textureView = srcView.Get();
             bgEntries[1].binding = 1;
             bgEntries[1].buffer = paramsBuffer.Get();

             BindGroupDescriptor bgDesc = {};
             bgDesc.layout = bgl.Get();
             bgDesc.entryCount = bgEntries.size();
             bgDesc.entries = bgEntries.data();
             DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(bindGroup,
                             device->CreateBindGroup(&bgDesc, UsageValidationMode::Internal));
         }

         RenderPassDepthStencilAttachment dsAttachment;
         dsAttachment.depthClearValue = 0.0;
         dsAttachment.view = dstView.Get();
         if (format.HasDepth()) {
             dsAttachment.depthLoadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Load;
             dsAttachment.depthStoreOp = wgpu::StoreOp::Store;
         }
         dsAttachment.stencilLoadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Load;
         dsAttachment.stencilStoreOp = wgpu::StoreOp::Store;

         RenderPassDescriptor rpDesc = {};
         rpDesc.depthStencilAttachment = &dsAttachment;

         Ref<RenderPassEncoder> pass = commandEncoder->BeginRenderPass(&rpDesc);
         // Bind the resources.
         pass->APISetBindGroup(0, bindGroup.Get());
         // Discard all fragments outside the copy region.
         pass->APISetScissorRect(dst.origin.x, dst.origin.y, copyExtent.width, copyExtent.height);

         // Clear the copy region to 0.
         pass->APISetStencilReference(0);
         pass->APISetPipeline(pipelines.clearPipeline.Get());
         pass->APIDraw(3, 1, 0, 0);

         // Perform 8 draws. Each will load the source stencil data, and will
         // set the bit index in the destination stencil attachment if it the
         // source also has that bit using stencil operation `Replace`.
         // If it doesn't match, the fragment will be discarded.
         pass->APISetStencilReference(255);
         for (uint32_t bit = 0; bit < 8; ++bit) {
             pass->APISetPipeline(pipelines.setStencilPipelines[bit].Get());
             // Draw one instance, and use the stencil value as firstInstance.
             // This is a cheap way to get the stencil value into the shader
             // since WebGPU doesn't have push constants.
             pass->APIDraw(3, 1, 0, 1u << bit);
         }
         pass->End();
     }
     return {};
 }

 }  // anonymous namespace

 MaybeError BlitStagingBufferToDepth(DeviceBase* device,
                                     BufferBase* buffer,
                                     const TextureDataLayout& src,
                                     const TextureCopy& dst,
                                     const Extent3D& copyExtent) {
     const Format& format = dst.texture->GetFormat();
     DAWN_ASSERT(format.format == wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth16Unorm);

     TextureDescriptor dataTextureDesc = {};
     dataTextureDesc.format = wgpu::TextureFormat::RG8Uint;
     dataTextureDesc.usage = wgpu::TextureUsage::CopyDst | wgpu::TextureUsage::TextureBinding;
     dataTextureDesc.size = copyExtent;

     Ref<TextureBase> dataTexture;
     DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(dataTexture, device->CreateTexture(&dataTextureDesc));
     {
         TextureCopy rg8Dst;
         rg8Dst.texture = dataTexture.Get();
         rg8Dst.mipLevel = 0;
         rg8Dst.origin = {};
         rg8Dst.aspect = Aspect::Color;
         DAWN_TRY(device->CopyFromStagingToTexture(buffer, src, rg8Dst, copyExtent));
     }

     Ref<CommandEncoderBase> commandEncoder;
     DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(commandEncoder, device->CreateCommandEncoder());

     DAWN_TRY(
         BlitRG8ToDepth16Unorm(device, commandEncoder.Get(), dataTexture.Get(), dst, copyExtent));

     Ref<CommandBufferBase> commandBuffer;
     DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(commandBuffer, commandEncoder->Finish());

     CommandBufferBase* commands = commandBuffer.Get();
     device->GetQueue()->APISubmit(1, &commands);
     return {};
 }

 MaybeError BlitBufferToDepth(DeviceBase* device,
                              CommandEncoder* commandEncoder,
                              BufferBase* buffer,
                              const TextureDataLayout& src,
                              const TextureCopy& dst,
                              const Extent3D& copyExtent) {
     const Format& format = dst.texture->GetFormat();
     DAWN_ASSERT(format.format == wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth16Unorm);

     TextureDescriptor dataTextureDesc = {};
     dataTextureDesc.format = wgpu::TextureFormat::RG8Uint;
     dataTextureDesc.usage = wgpu::TextureUsage::CopyDst | wgpu::TextureUsage::TextureBinding;
     dataTextureDesc.size = copyExtent;

     Ref<TextureBase> dataTexture;
     DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(dataTexture, device->CreateTexture(&dataTextureDesc));
     {
         ImageCopyBuffer bufferSrc;
         bufferSrc.buffer = buffer;
         bufferSrc.layout = src;

         ImageCopyTexture textureDst;
         textureDst.texture = dataTexture.Get();
         commandEncoder->APICopyBufferToTexture(&bufferSrc, &textureDst, &copyExtent);
     }

     DAWN_TRY(BlitRG8ToDepth16Unorm(device, commandEncoder, dataTexture.Get(), dst, copyExtent));
     return {};
 }

 MaybeError BlitStagingBufferToStencil(DeviceBase* device,
                                       BufferBase* buffer,
                                       const TextureDataLayout& src,
                                       const TextureCopy& dst,
                                       const Extent3D& copyExtent) {
     TextureDescriptor dataTextureDesc = {};
     dataTextureDesc.format = wgpu::TextureFormat::R8Uint;
     dataTextureDesc.usage = wgpu::TextureUsage::CopyDst | wgpu::TextureUsage::TextureBinding;
     dataTextureDesc.size = copyExtent;

     Ref<TextureBase> dataTexture;
     DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(dataTexture, device->CreateTexture(&dataTextureDesc));
     {
         TextureCopy r8Dst;
         r8Dst.texture = dataTexture.Get();
         r8Dst.mipLevel = 0;
         r8Dst.origin = {};
         r8Dst.aspect = Aspect::Color;
         DAWN_TRY(device->CopyFromStagingToTexture(buffer, src, r8Dst, copyExtent));
     }

     Ref<CommandEncoderBase> commandEncoder;
     DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(commandEncoder, device->CreateCommandEncoder());

     DAWN_TRY(BlitR8ToStencil(device, commandEncoder.Get(), dataTexture.Get(), dst, copyExtent));

     Ref<CommandBufferBase> commandBuffer;
     DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(commandBuffer, commandEncoder->Finish());

     CommandBufferBase* commands = commandBuffer.Get();
     device->GetQueue()->APISubmit(1, &commands);
     return {};
 }

 MaybeError BlitBufferToStencil(DeviceBase* device,
                                CommandEncoder* commandEncoder,
                                BufferBase* buffer,
                                const TextureDataLayout& src,
                                const TextureCopy& dst,
                                const Extent3D& copyExtent) {
     TextureDescriptor dataTextureDesc = {};
     dataTextureDesc.format = wgpu::TextureFormat::R8Uint;
     dataTextureDesc.usage = wgpu::TextureUsage::CopyDst | wgpu::TextureUsage::TextureBinding;
     dataTextureDesc.size = copyExtent;

     Ref<TextureBase> dataTexture;
     DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(dataTexture, device->CreateTexture(&dataTextureDesc));
     {
         ImageCopyBuffer bufferSrc;
         bufferSrc.buffer = buffer;
         bufferSrc.layout = src;

         ImageCopyTexture textureDst;
         textureDst.texture = dataTexture.Get();
         commandEncoder->APICopyBufferToTexture(&bufferSrc, &textureDst, &copyExtent);
     }

     DAWN_TRY(BlitR8ToStencil(device, commandEncoder, dataTexture.Get(), dst, copyExtent));
     return {};
 }

 }  // namespace dawn::native
	// Copyright 2023 The Dawn & Tint Authors
	//
	// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
	// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
	//
	// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
	// list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
	//
	// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
	// this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
	// and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
	//
	// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
	// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
	// this software without specific prior written permission.
	//
	// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
	// AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
	// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
	// DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
	// FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
	// DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
	// SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
	// CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
	// OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
	// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

	#include "dawn/native/BlitBufferToDepthStencil.h"

	#include <utility>

	#include "dawn/common/Assert.h"
	#include "dawn/native/BindGroup.h"
	#include "dawn/native/CommandBuffer.h"
	#include "dawn/native/CommandEncoder.h"
	#include "dawn/native/Device.h"
	#include "dawn/native/InternalPipelineStore.h"
	#include "dawn/native/Queue.h"
	#include "dawn/native/RenderPassEncoder.h"
	#include "dawn/native/RenderPipeline.h"

	namespace dawn::native {

	namespace {

	constexpr char kBlitRG8ToDepthShaders[] = R"(

	@vertex fn vert_fullscreen_quad(
	@builtin(vertex_index) vertex_index : u32
	) -> @builtin(position) vec4f {
	const pos = array(
	vec2f(-1.0, -1.0),
	vec2f( 3.0, -1.0),
	vec2f(-1.0, 3.0));
	return vec4f(pos[vertex_index], 0.0, 1.0);
	}

	struct Params {
	origin : vec2u
	};

	@group(0) @binding(0) var src_tex : texture_2d<u32>;
	@group(0) @binding(1) var<uniform> params : Params;

	@fragment fn blit_to_depth(
	@builtin(position) position : vec4f
	) -> @builtin(frag_depth) f32 {
	// Load the source texel.
	let src_texel = textureLoad(
	src_tex, vec2u(position.xy) - params.origin, 0u);

	let depth_u16_val = (src_texel.y << 8u) + src_texel.x;

	const one_over_max : f32 = 1.0 / f32(0xFFFFu);
	return f32(depth_u16_val) * one_over_max;
	}

	)";

	constexpr char kBlitStencilShaders[] = R"(

	struct VertexOutputs {
	@location(0) @interpolate(flat) stencil_val : u32,
	@builtin(position) position : vec4f,
	};

	// The instance_index here is not used for instancing.
	// It represents the current stencil mask we're testing in the
	// source.
	// This is a cheap way to get the stencil value into the shader
	// since WebGPU doesn't have push constants.
	@vertex fn vert_fullscreen_quad(
	@builtin(vertex_index) vertex_index : u32,
	@builtin(instance_index) instance_index: u32,
	) -> VertexOutputs {
	const pos = array(
	vec2f(-1.0, -1.0),
	vec2f( 3.0, -1.0),
	vec2f(-1.0, 3.0));
	return VertexOutputs(
	instance_index,
	vec4f(pos[vertex_index], 0.0, 1.0),
	);
	}

	struct Params {
	origin : vec2u
	};

	@group(0) @binding(0) var src_tex : texture_2d<u32>;
	@group(0) @binding(1) var<uniform> params : Params;

	// Do nothing (but also don't discard). Used for clearing
	// stencil to 0.
	@fragment fn frag_noop() {}

	// Discard the fragment if the source texture doesn't
	// have the stencil_val.
	@fragment fn frag_check_src_stencil(input : VertexOutputs) {
	// Load the source stencil value.
	let src_val : u32 = textureLoad(
	src_tex, vec2u(input.position.xy) - params.origin, 0u)[0];

	// Discard it if it doesn't contain the stencil reference.
	if ((src_val & input.stencil_val) == 0u) {
	discard;
	}
	}

	)";

	ResultOrError<Ref<RenderPipelineBase>> GetOrCreateRG8ToDepth16UnormPipeline(DeviceBase* device) {
	InternalPipelineStore* store = device->GetInternalPipelineStore();
	if (store->blitRG8ToDepth16UnormPipeline != nullptr) {
	return store->blitRG8ToDepth16UnormPipeline;
	}

	ShaderModuleWGSLDescriptor wgslDesc = {};
	ShaderModuleDescriptor shaderModuleDesc = {};
	shaderModuleDesc.nextInChain = &wgslDesc;
	wgslDesc.code = kBlitRG8ToDepthShaders;

	Ref<ShaderModuleBase> shaderModule;
	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(shaderModule, device->CreateShaderModule(&shaderModuleDesc));

	FragmentState fragmentState = {};
	fragmentState.module = shaderModule.Get();
	fragmentState.entryPoint = "blit_to_depth";

	DepthStencilState dsState = {};
	dsState.format = wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth16Unorm;
	dsState.depthWriteEnabled = true;
	dsState.depthCompare = wgpu::CompareFunction::Always;

	RenderPipelineDescriptor renderPipelineDesc = {};
	renderPipelineDesc.vertex.module = shaderModule.Get();
	renderPipelineDesc.vertex.entryPoint = "vert_fullscreen_quad";
	renderPipelineDesc.depthStencil = &dsState;
	renderPipelineDesc.fragment = &fragmentState;

	Ref<RenderPipelineBase> pipeline;
	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(pipeline, device->CreateRenderPipeline(&renderPipelineDesc));

	store->blitRG8ToDepth16UnormPipeline = pipeline;
	return pipeline;
	}

	ResultOrError<InternalPipelineStore::BlitR8ToStencilPipelines> GetOrCreateR8ToStencilPipelines(
	DeviceBase* device,
	wgpu::TextureFormat format,
	BindGroupLayoutBase* bgl) {
	InternalPipelineStore* store = device->GetInternalPipelineStore();
	{
	auto it = store->blitR8ToStencilPipelines.find(format);
	if (it != store->blitR8ToStencilPipelines.end()) {
	return InternalPipelineStore::BlitR8ToStencilPipelines{it->second};
	}
	}

	Ref<PipelineLayoutBase> pipelineLayout;
	{
	PipelineLayoutDescriptor plDesc = {};
	plDesc.bindGroupLayoutCount = 1;

	plDesc.bindGroupLayouts = &bgl;
	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(pipelineLayout, device->CreatePipelineLayout(&plDesc));
	}

	ShaderModuleWGSLDescriptor wgslDesc = {};
	ShaderModuleDescriptor shaderModuleDesc = {};
	shaderModuleDesc.nextInChain = &wgslDesc;
	wgslDesc.code = kBlitStencilShaders;

	Ref<ShaderModuleBase> shaderModule;
	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(shaderModule, device->CreateShaderModule(&shaderModuleDesc));

	FragmentState fragmentState = {};
	fragmentState.module = shaderModule.Get();

	DepthStencilState dsState = {};
	dsState.format = format;
	dsState.depthWriteEnabled = false;
	dsState.depthCompare = wgpu::CompareFunction::Always;
	dsState.stencilFront.passOp = wgpu::StencilOperation::Replace;

	RenderPipelineDescriptor renderPipelineDesc = {};
	renderPipelineDesc.layout = pipelineLayout.Get();
	renderPipelineDesc.vertex.module = shaderModule.Get();
	renderPipelineDesc.vertex.entryPoint = "vert_fullscreen_quad";
	renderPipelineDesc.depthStencil = &dsState;
	renderPipelineDesc.fragment = &fragmentState;

	// Build a pipeline to clear stencil to 0. We need a pipeline, and not just a render pass load
	// op because the copy region may be a subregion of the stencil texture.
	Ref<RenderPipelineBase> clearPipeline;
	fragmentState.entryPoint = "frag_noop";
	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(clearPipeline, device->CreateRenderPipeline(&renderPipelineDesc));

	// Build 8 pipelines masked to replace each bit of the stencil.
	std::array<Ref<RenderPipelineBase>, 8> setStencilPipelines;
	fragmentState.entryPoint = "frag_check_src_stencil";
	for (uint32_t bit = 0; bit < 8; ++bit) {
	dsState.stencilWriteMask = 1u << bit;
	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(setStencilPipelines[bit],
	device->CreateRenderPipeline(&renderPipelineDesc));
	}

	InternalPipelineStore::BlitR8ToStencilPipelines pipelines{std::move(clearPipeline),
	std::move(setStencilPipelines)};
	store->blitR8ToStencilPipelines.emplace(format, pipelines);
	return pipelines;
	}

	MaybeError BlitRG8ToDepth16Unorm(DeviceBase* device,
	CommandEncoder* commandEncoder,
	TextureBase* dataTexture,
	const TextureCopy& dst,
	const Extent3D& copyExtent) {
	DAWN_ASSERT(device->IsLockedByCurrentThreadIfNeeded());
	DAWN_ASSERT(dst.texture->GetFormat().format == wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth16Unorm);
	DAWN_ASSERT(dataTexture->GetFormat().format == wgpu::TextureFormat::RG8Uint);

	// Allow internal usages since we need to use the destination
	// as a render attachment.
	auto scope = commandEncoder->MakeInternalUsageScope();

	Ref<RenderPipelineBase> pipeline;
	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(pipeline, GetOrCreateRG8ToDepth16UnormPipeline(device));

	Ref<BindGroupLayoutBase> bgl;
	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(bgl, pipeline->GetBindGroupLayout(0));

	for (uint32_t z = 0; z < copyExtent.depthOrArrayLayers; ++z) {
	Ref<TextureViewBase> srcView;
	{
	TextureViewDescriptor viewDesc = {};
	viewDesc.dimension = wgpu::TextureViewDimension::e2D;
	viewDesc.baseArrayLayer = z;
	viewDesc.arrayLayerCount = 1;
	viewDesc.mipLevelCount = 1;
	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(srcView, dataTexture->CreateView(&viewDesc));
	}

	Ref<TextureViewBase> dstView;
	{
	TextureViewDescriptor viewDesc = {};
	viewDesc.dimension = wgpu::TextureViewDimension::e2D;
	viewDesc.baseArrayLayer = dst.origin.z + z;
	viewDesc.arrayLayerCount = 1;
	viewDesc.baseMipLevel = dst.mipLevel;
	viewDesc.mipLevelCount = 1;
	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(dstView, dst.texture->CreateView(&viewDesc));
	}

	Ref<BufferBase> paramsBuffer;
	{
	BufferDescriptor bufferDesc = {};
	bufferDesc.size = sizeof(uint32_t) * 2;
	bufferDesc.usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::Uniform;
	bufferDesc.mappedAtCreation = true;
	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(paramsBuffer, device->CreateBuffer(&bufferDesc));

	uint32_t* params =
	static_cast<uint32_t*>(paramsBuffer->GetMappedRange(0, bufferDesc.size));
	params[0] = dst.origin.x;
	params[1] = dst.origin.y;
	DAWN_TRY(paramsBuffer->Unmap());
	}

	Ref<BindGroupBase> bindGroup;
	{
	std::array<BindGroupEntry, 2> bgEntries = {};
	bgEntries[0].binding = 0;
	bgEntries[0].textureView = srcView.Get();
	bgEntries[1].binding = 1;
	bgEntries[1].buffer = paramsBuffer.Get();

	BindGroupDescriptor bgDesc = {};
	bgDesc.layout = bgl.Get();
	bgDesc.entryCount = bgEntries.size();
	bgDesc.entries = bgEntries.data();
	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(bindGroup, device->CreateBindGroup(&bgDesc));
	}

	RenderPassDepthStencilAttachment dsAttachment;
	dsAttachment.view = dstView.Get();
	dsAttachment.depthClearValue = 0.0;
	dsAttachment.depthLoadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Load;
	dsAttachment.depthStoreOp = wgpu::StoreOp::Store;

	RenderPassDescriptor rpDesc = {};
	rpDesc.depthStencilAttachment = &dsAttachment;

	Ref<RenderPassEncoder> pass = commandEncoder->BeginRenderPass(&rpDesc);
	// Bind the resources.
	pass->APISetBindGroup(0, bindGroup.Get());
	// Discard all fragments outside the copy region.
	pass->APISetScissorRect(dst.origin.x, dst.origin.y, copyExtent.width, copyExtent.height);

	// Draw to perform the blit.
	pass->APISetPipeline(pipeline.Get());
	pass->APIDraw(3, 1, 0, 0);

	pass->End();
	}
	return {};
	}

	MaybeError BlitR8ToStencil(DeviceBase* device,
	CommandEncoder* commandEncoder,
	TextureBase* dataTexture,
	const TextureCopy& dst,
	const Extent3D& copyExtent) {
	DAWN_ASSERT(device->IsLockedByCurrentThreadIfNeeded());
	const Format& format = dst.texture->GetFormat();
	DAWN_ASSERT(dst.aspect == Aspect::Stencil);

	// Allow internal usages since we need to use the destination
	// as a render attachment.
	auto scope = commandEncoder->MakeInternalUsageScope();

	// This bgl is the same for all the render pipelines.
	Ref<BindGroupLayoutBase> bgl;
	{
	std::array<BindGroupLayoutEntry, 2> bglEntries = {};
	// Binding 0: the r8uint texture.
	bglEntries[0].binding = 0;
	bglEntries[0].visibility = wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment;
	bglEntries[0].texture.sampleType = wgpu::TextureSampleType::Uint;
	// Binding 1: the params buffer.
	bglEntries[1].binding = 1;
	bglEntries[1].visibility = wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment;
	bglEntries[1].buffer.type = wgpu::BufferBindingType::Uniform;
	bglEntries[1].buffer.minBindingSize = 2 * sizeof(uint32_t);

	BindGroupLayoutDescriptor bglDesc = {};
	bglDesc.entryCount = bglEntries.size();
	bglDesc.entries = bglEntries.data();

	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(bgl, device->CreateBindGroupLayout(&bglDesc));
	}

	InternalPipelineStore::BlitR8ToStencilPipelines pipelines;
	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(pipelines, GetOrCreateR8ToStencilPipelines(device, format.format, bgl.Get()));

	// Build the params buffer, containing the copy dst origin.
	Ref<BufferBase> paramsBuffer;
	{
	BufferDescriptor bufferDesc = {};
	bufferDesc.size = sizeof(uint32_t) * 2;
	bufferDesc.usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::Uniform;
	bufferDesc.mappedAtCreation = true;
	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(paramsBuffer, device->CreateBuffer(&bufferDesc));

	uint32_t* params = static_cast<uint32_t*>(paramsBuffer->GetMappedRange(0, bufferDesc.size));
	params[0] = dst.origin.x;
	params[1] = dst.origin.y;
	DAWN_TRY(paramsBuffer->Unmap());
	}

	// For each layer, blit the stencil data.
	for (uint32_t z = 0; z < copyExtent.depthOrArrayLayers; ++z) {
	Ref<TextureViewBase> srcView;
	{
	TextureViewDescriptor viewDesc = {};
	viewDesc.dimension = wgpu::TextureViewDimension::e2D;
	viewDesc.baseArrayLayer = z;
	viewDesc.arrayLayerCount = 1;
	viewDesc.mipLevelCount = 1;
	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(srcView, dataTexture->CreateView(&viewDesc));
	}

	Ref<TextureViewBase> dstView;
	{
	TextureViewDescriptor viewDesc = {};
	viewDesc.dimension = wgpu::TextureViewDimension::e2D;
	viewDesc.baseArrayLayer = dst.origin.z + z;
	viewDesc.arrayLayerCount = 1;
	viewDesc.baseMipLevel = dst.mipLevel;
	viewDesc.mipLevelCount = 1;
	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(dstView, dst.texture->CreateView(&viewDesc));
	}

	Ref<BindGroupBase> bindGroup;
	{
	std::array<BindGroupEntry, 2> bgEntries = {};
	bgEntries[0].binding = 0;
	bgEntries[0].textureView = srcView.Get();
	bgEntries[1].binding = 1;
	bgEntries[1].buffer = paramsBuffer.Get();

	BindGroupDescriptor bgDesc = {};
	bgDesc.layout = bgl.Get();
	bgDesc.entryCount = bgEntries.size();
	bgDesc.entries = bgEntries.data();
	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(bindGroup,
	device->CreateBindGroup(&bgDesc, UsageValidationMode::Internal));
	}

	RenderPassDepthStencilAttachment dsAttachment;
	dsAttachment.depthClearValue = 0.0;
	dsAttachment.view = dstView.Get();
	if (format.HasDepth()) {
	dsAttachment.depthLoadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Load;
	dsAttachment.depthStoreOp = wgpu::StoreOp::Store;
	}
	dsAttachment.stencilLoadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Load;
	dsAttachment.stencilStoreOp = wgpu::StoreOp::Store;

	RenderPassDescriptor rpDesc = {};
	rpDesc.depthStencilAttachment = &dsAttachment;

	Ref<RenderPassEncoder> pass = commandEncoder->BeginRenderPass(&rpDesc);
	// Bind the resources.
	pass->APISetBindGroup(0, bindGroup.Get());
	// Discard all fragments outside the copy region.
	pass->APISetScissorRect(dst.origin.x, dst.origin.y, copyExtent.width, copyExtent.height);

	// Clear the copy region to 0.
	pass->APISetStencilReference(0);
	pass->APISetPipeline(pipelines.clearPipeline.Get());
	pass->APIDraw(3, 1, 0, 0);

	// Perform 8 draws. Each will load the source stencil data, and will
	// set the bit index in the destination stencil attachment if it the
	// source also has that bit using stencil operation `Replace`.
	// If it doesn't match, the fragment will be discarded.
	pass->APISetStencilReference(255);
	for (uint32_t bit = 0; bit < 8; ++bit) {
	pass->APISetPipeline(pipelines.setStencilPipelines[bit].Get());
	// Draw one instance, and use the stencil value as firstInstance.
	// This is a cheap way to get the stencil value into the shader
	// since WebGPU doesn't have push constants.
	pass->APIDraw(3, 1, 0, 1u << bit);
	}
	pass->End();
	}
	return {};
	}

	} // anonymous namespace

	MaybeError BlitStagingBufferToDepth(DeviceBase* device,
	BufferBase* buffer,
	const TextureDataLayout& src,
	const TextureCopy& dst,
	const Extent3D& copyExtent) {
	const Format& format = dst.texture->GetFormat();
	DAWN_ASSERT(format.format == wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth16Unorm);

	TextureDescriptor dataTextureDesc = {};
	dataTextureDesc.format = wgpu::TextureFormat::RG8Uint;
	dataTextureDesc.usage = wgpu::TextureUsage::CopyDst \| wgpu::TextureUsage::TextureBinding;
	dataTextureDesc.size = copyExtent;

	Ref<TextureBase> dataTexture;
	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(dataTexture, device->CreateTexture(&dataTextureDesc));
	{
	TextureCopy rg8Dst;
	rg8Dst.texture = dataTexture.Get();
	rg8Dst.mipLevel = 0;
	rg8Dst.origin = {};
	rg8Dst.aspect = Aspect::Color;
	DAWN_TRY(device->CopyFromStagingToTexture(buffer, src, rg8Dst, copyExtent));
	}

	Ref<CommandEncoderBase> commandEncoder;
	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(commandEncoder, device->CreateCommandEncoder());

	DAWN_TRY(
	BlitRG8ToDepth16Unorm(device, commandEncoder.Get(), dataTexture.Get(), dst, copyExtent));

	Ref<CommandBufferBase> commandBuffer;
	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(commandBuffer, commandEncoder->Finish());

	CommandBufferBase* commands = commandBuffer.Get();
	device->GetQueue()->APISubmit(1, &commands);
	return {};
	}

	MaybeError BlitBufferToDepth(DeviceBase* device,
	CommandEncoder* commandEncoder,
	BufferBase* buffer,
	const TextureDataLayout& src,
	const TextureCopy& dst,
	const Extent3D& copyExtent) {
	const Format& format = dst.texture->GetFormat();
	DAWN_ASSERT(format.format == wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth16Unorm);

	TextureDescriptor dataTextureDesc = {};
	dataTextureDesc.format = wgpu::TextureFormat::RG8Uint;
	dataTextureDesc.usage = wgpu::TextureUsage::CopyDst \| wgpu::TextureUsage::TextureBinding;
	dataTextureDesc.size = copyExtent;

	Ref<TextureBase> dataTexture;
	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(dataTexture, device->CreateTexture(&dataTextureDesc));
	{
	ImageCopyBuffer bufferSrc;
	bufferSrc.buffer = buffer;
	bufferSrc.layout = src;

	ImageCopyTexture textureDst;
	textureDst.texture = dataTexture.Get();
	commandEncoder->APICopyBufferToTexture(&bufferSrc, &textureDst, &copyExtent);
	}

	DAWN_TRY(BlitRG8ToDepth16Unorm(device, commandEncoder, dataTexture.Get(), dst, copyExtent));
	return {};
	}

	MaybeError BlitStagingBufferToStencil(DeviceBase* device,
	BufferBase* buffer,
	const TextureDataLayout& src,
	const TextureCopy& dst,
	const Extent3D& copyExtent) {
	TextureDescriptor dataTextureDesc = {};
	dataTextureDesc.format = wgpu::TextureFormat::R8Uint;
	dataTextureDesc.usage = wgpu::TextureUsage::CopyDst \| wgpu::TextureUsage::TextureBinding;
	dataTextureDesc.size = copyExtent;

	Ref<TextureBase> dataTexture;
	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(dataTexture, device->CreateTexture(&dataTextureDesc));
	{
	TextureCopy r8Dst;
	r8Dst.texture = dataTexture.Get();
	r8Dst.mipLevel = 0;
	r8Dst.origin = {};
	r8Dst.aspect = Aspect::Color;
	DAWN_TRY(device->CopyFromStagingToTexture(buffer, src, r8Dst, copyExtent));
	}

	Ref<CommandEncoderBase> commandEncoder;
	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(commandEncoder, device->CreateCommandEncoder());

	DAWN_TRY(BlitR8ToStencil(device, commandEncoder.Get(), dataTexture.Get(), dst, copyExtent));

	Ref<CommandBufferBase> commandBuffer;
	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(commandBuffer, commandEncoder->Finish());

	CommandBufferBase* commands = commandBuffer.Get();
	device->GetQueue()->APISubmit(1, &commands);
	return {};
	}

	MaybeError BlitBufferToStencil(DeviceBase* device,
	CommandEncoder* commandEncoder,
	BufferBase* buffer,
	const TextureDataLayout& src,
	const TextureCopy& dst,
	const Extent3D& copyExtent) {
	TextureDescriptor dataTextureDesc = {};
	dataTextureDesc.format = wgpu::TextureFormat::R8Uint;
	dataTextureDesc.usage = wgpu::TextureUsage::CopyDst \| wgpu::TextureUsage::TextureBinding;
	dataTextureDesc.size = copyExtent;

	Ref<TextureBase> dataTexture;
	DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(dataTexture, device->CreateTexture(&dataTextureDesc));
	{
	ImageCopyBuffer bufferSrc;
	bufferSrc.buffer = buffer;
	bufferSrc.layout = src;

	ImageCopyTexture textureDst;
	textureDst.texture = dataTexture.Get();
	commandEncoder->APICopyBufferToTexture(&bufferSrc, &textureDst, &copyExtent);
	}

	DAWN_TRY(BlitR8ToStencil(device, commandEncoder, dataTexture.Get(), dst, copyExtent));
	return {};
	}

	} // namespace dawn::native