src/tests/end2end/VertexOnlyRenderPipelineTests.cpp - dawn - Git at Google

 // Copyright 2021 The Dawn Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 // You may obtain a copy of the License at
 //
 //     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 //
 // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.

 #include "tests/DawnTest.h"

 #include "utils/ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor.h"
 #include "utils/WGPUHelpers.h"

 constexpr wgpu::TextureFormat kDepthStencilFormat = wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth24PlusStencil8;
 constexpr wgpu::TextureFormat kColorFormat = wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA8Unorm;
 constexpr uint32_t kRTWidth = 4;
 constexpr uint32_t kRTHeight = 1;

 class VertexOnlyRenderPipelineTest : public DawnTest {
   protected:
     void SetUp() override {
         DawnTest::SetUp();

         vertexBuffer =
             utils::CreateBufferFromData<float>(device, wgpu::BufferUsage::Vertex,
                                                {// The middle back line
                                                 -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

                                                 // The right front line
                                                 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,

                                                 // The whole in-between line
                                                 -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f});

         // Create a color texture as render target
         {
             wgpu::TextureDescriptor descriptor;
             descriptor.dimension = wgpu::TextureDimension::e2D;
             descriptor.size = {kRTWidth, kRTHeight};
             descriptor.format = kColorFormat;
             descriptor.usage = wgpu::TextureUsage::RenderAttachment | wgpu::TextureUsage::CopySrc;
             renderTargetColor = device.CreateTexture(&descriptor);
         }

         // Create a DepthStencilView for vertex-only pipeline to write and full pipeline to read
         {
             wgpu::TextureDescriptor descriptor;
             descriptor.dimension = wgpu::TextureDimension::e2D;
             descriptor.size = {kRTWidth, kRTHeight};
             descriptor.format = kDepthStencilFormat;
             descriptor.usage = wgpu::TextureUsage::RenderAttachment | wgpu::TextureUsage::CopySrc;
             depthStencilTexture = device.CreateTexture(&descriptor);
             depthStencilView = depthStencilTexture.CreateView();
         }

         // The vertex-only render pass to modify the depth and stencil
         renderPassDescNoColor = utils::ComboRenderPassDescriptor({}, depthStencilView);
         renderPassDescNoColor.cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.depthLoadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Load;
         renderPassDescNoColor.cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.stencilLoadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Load;

         // The complete render pass to read the depth and stencil and draw to color attachment
         renderPassDescWithColor =
             utils::ComboRenderPassDescriptor({renderTargetColor.CreateView()}, depthStencilView);
         renderPassDescWithColor.cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.depthLoadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Load;
         renderPassDescWithColor.cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.stencilLoadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Load;

         // Create a vertex-only render pipeline that only modify the depth in DepthStencilView, and
         // ignore the stencil component
         depthPipelineNoFragment =
             CreateRenderPipeline(wgpu::CompareFunction::Always, wgpu::StencilOperation::Keep,
                                  wgpu::CompareFunction::Always, true, false);
         depthPipelineWithFragment =
             CreateRenderPipeline(wgpu::CompareFunction::Always, wgpu::StencilOperation::Keep,
                                  wgpu::CompareFunction::Always, true, true);

         // Create a vertex-only render pipeline that only modify the stencil in DepthStencilView,
         // and ignore the depth component
         stencilPipelineNoFragment =
             CreateRenderPipeline(wgpu::CompareFunction::Always, wgpu::StencilOperation::Replace,
                                  wgpu::CompareFunction::Always, false, false);
         stencilPipelineWithFragment =
             CreateRenderPipeline(wgpu::CompareFunction::Always, wgpu::StencilOperation::Replace,
                                  wgpu::CompareFunction::Always, false, true);

         // Create a complete render pipeline that do both depth and stencil tests, and draw to color
         // attachment
         fullPipeline =
             CreateRenderPipeline(wgpu::CompareFunction::Equal, wgpu::StencilOperation::Keep,
                                  wgpu::CompareFunction::GreaterEqual, false, true);
     }

     wgpu::RenderPipeline CreateRenderPipeline(
         wgpu::CompareFunction stencilCompare = wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
         wgpu::StencilOperation stencilPassOp = wgpu::StencilOperation::Keep,
         wgpu::CompareFunction depthCompare = wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
         bool writeDepth = false,
         bool useFragment = true) {
         wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
             [[stage(vertex)]]
             fn main([[location(0)]] pos : vec4<f32>) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
                 return pos;
             })");

         wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
             [[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
                 return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
             })");

         utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor descriptor;
         descriptor.primitive.topology = wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::LineList;

         descriptor.vertex.module = vsModule;
         descriptor.vertex.bufferCount = 1;
         descriptor.cBuffers[0].arrayStride = 4 * sizeof(float);
         descriptor.cBuffers[0].attributeCount = 1;
         descriptor.cAttributes[0].format = wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x4;

         descriptor.cFragment.module = fsModule;
         descriptor.cTargets[0].format = kColorFormat;

         wgpu::DepthStencilState* depthStencil = descriptor.EnableDepthStencil(kDepthStencilFormat);

         depthStencil->stencilFront.compare = stencilCompare;
         depthStencil->stencilBack.compare = stencilCompare;
         depthStencil->stencilFront.passOp = stencilPassOp;
         depthStencil->stencilBack.passOp = stencilPassOp;
         depthStencil->depthWriteEnabled = writeDepth;
         depthStencil->depthCompare = depthCompare;

         if (!useFragment) {
             descriptor.fragment = nullptr;
         }

         return device.CreateRenderPipeline(&descriptor);
     }

     void ClearAttachment(const wgpu::CommandEncoder& encoder) {
         utils::ComboRenderPassDescriptor clearPass =
             utils::ComboRenderPassDescriptor({renderTargetColor.CreateView()}, depthStencilView);
         clearPass.cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.depthLoadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Clear;
         clearPass.cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.clearDepth = 0.0f;
         clearPass.cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.stencilLoadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Clear;
         clearPass.cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.clearStencil = 0x0;
         for (auto& t : clearPass.cColorAttachments) {
             t.loadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Clear;
             t.clearColor = {0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0};
         }

         auto pass = encoder.BeginRenderPass(&clearPass);
         pass.EndPass();
     }

     // Render resource
     wgpu::Buffer vertexBuffer;
     // Render target
     wgpu::Texture depthStencilTexture;
     wgpu::TextureView depthStencilView;
     wgpu::Texture renderTargetColor;
     // Render result
     const RGBA8 filled = RGBA8(0, 255, 0, 255);
     const RGBA8 notFilled = RGBA8(0, 0, 0, 0);
     // Render pass
     utils::ComboRenderPassDescriptor renderPassDescNoColor{};
     utils::ComboRenderPassDescriptor renderPassDescWithColor{};
     // Render pipeline
     wgpu::RenderPipeline stencilPipelineNoFragment;
     wgpu::RenderPipeline stencilPipelineWithFragment;
     wgpu::RenderPipeline depthPipelineNoFragment;
     wgpu::RenderPipeline depthPipelineWithFragment;
     wgpu::RenderPipeline fullPipeline;
 };

 // Test that a vertex-only render pipeline modify the stencil attachment as same as a complete
 // render pipeline do.
 TEST_P(VertexOnlyRenderPipelineTest, Stencil) {
     auto doStencilTest = [&](const wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor* renderPass,
                              const wgpu::RenderPipeline& pipeline,
                              const RGBA8& colorExpect) -> void {
         wgpu::CommandEncoder encoder = device.CreateCommandEncoder();

         ClearAttachment(encoder);

         {
             wgpu::RenderPassEncoder pass = encoder.BeginRenderPass(renderPass);
             pass.SetPipeline(pipeline);
             // Set the stencil reference to a arbitrary value
             pass.SetStencilReference(0x42);
             pass.SetVertexBuffer(0, vertexBuffer);
             // Draw the whole line
             pass.Draw(2, 1, 4, 0);
             pass.EndPass();
         }

         wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish();
         queue.Submit(1, &commands);

         EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(colorExpect, renderTargetColor, 0, 0);
         EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(colorExpect, renderTargetColor, 1, 0);
         EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(colorExpect, renderTargetColor, 2, 0);
         EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(colorExpect, renderTargetColor, 3, 0);

         // Test that the stencil is set to the chosen value
         ExpectAttachmentStencilTestData(depthStencilTexture, kDepthStencilFormat, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0x42);
     };

     doStencilTest(&renderPassDescWithColor, stencilPipelineWithFragment, filled);
     doStencilTest(&renderPassDescNoColor, stencilPipelineNoFragment, notFilled);
 }

 // Test that a vertex-only render pipeline modify the depth attachment as same as a complete render
 // pipeline do.
 TEST_P(VertexOnlyRenderPipelineTest, Depth) {
     auto doStencilTest = [&](const wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor* renderPass,
                              const wgpu::RenderPipeline& pipeline,
                              const RGBA8& colorExpect) -> void {
         wgpu::CommandEncoder encoder = device.CreateCommandEncoder();

         ClearAttachment(encoder);

         {
             wgpu::RenderPassEncoder pass = encoder.BeginRenderPass(renderPass);
             pass.SetPipeline(pipeline);
             pass.SetStencilReference(0x0);
             pass.SetVertexBuffer(0, vertexBuffer);
             // Draw the whole line
             pass.Draw(2, 1, 4, 0);
             pass.EndPass();
         }

         wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish();
         queue.Submit(1, &commands);

         EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(colorExpect, renderTargetColor, 0, 0);
         EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(colorExpect, renderTargetColor, 1, 0);
         EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(colorExpect, renderTargetColor, 2, 0);
         EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(colorExpect, renderTargetColor, 3, 0);

         // Test that the stencil is set to the chosen value
         uint8_t expectedStencil = 0;
         ExpectAttachmentDepthStencilTestData(depthStencilTexture, kDepthStencilFormat, 4, 1, 0, 0,
                                              {0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5}, &expectedStencil);
     };

     doStencilTest(&renderPassDescWithColor, depthPipelineWithFragment, filled);
     doStencilTest(&renderPassDescNoColor, depthPipelineNoFragment, notFilled);
 }

 // Test that vertex-only render pipelines and complete render pipelines cooperate correctly in a
 // single encoder, each in a render pass
 // In this test we first draw with a vertex-only pipeline to set up stencil in a region, than draw
 // with another vertex-only pipeline to modify depth in another region, and finally draw with a
 // complete pipeline with depth and stencil tests enabled. We check the color result of the final
 // draw, and make sure that it correctly use the stencil and depth result set in previous
 // vertex-only pipelines.
 TEST_P(VertexOnlyRenderPipelineTest, MultiplePass) {
     wgpu::CommandEncoder encoder = device.CreateCommandEncoder();

     ClearAttachment(encoder);

     // Use the stencil pipeline to set the stencil on the middle
     {
         wgpu::RenderPassEncoder pass = encoder.BeginRenderPass(&renderPassDescNoColor);
         pass.SetStencilReference(0x1);
         pass.SetPipeline(stencilPipelineNoFragment);
         pass.SetVertexBuffer(0, vertexBuffer);
         // Draw the middle line
         pass.Draw(2, 1, 0, 0);
         pass.EndPass();
     }

     // Use the depth pipeline to set the depth on the right
     {
         wgpu::RenderPassEncoder pass = encoder.BeginRenderPass(&renderPassDescNoColor);
         pass.SetStencilReference(0x0);
         pass.SetPipeline(depthPipelineNoFragment);
         pass.SetVertexBuffer(0, vertexBuffer);
         // Draw the right line
         pass.Draw(2, 1, 2, 0);
         pass.EndPass();
     }

     // Use the complete pipeline to draw with depth and stencil tests
     {
         wgpu::RenderPassEncoder pass = encoder.BeginRenderPass(&renderPassDescWithColor);
         pass.SetStencilReference(0x1);
         pass.SetPipeline(fullPipeline);
         pass.SetVertexBuffer(0, vertexBuffer);
         // Draw the full line with depth and stencil tests
         pass.Draw(2, 1, 4, 0);
         pass.EndPass();
     }

     wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish();
     queue.Submit(1, &commands);

     // Only the middle left pixel should pass both stencil and depth tests
     EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(notFilled, renderTargetColor, 0, 0);
     EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(filled, renderTargetColor, 1, 0);
     EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(notFilled, renderTargetColor, 2, 0);
     EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(notFilled, renderTargetColor, 3, 0);
 }

 DAWN_INSTANTIATE_TEST(VertexOnlyRenderPipelineTest,
                       D3D12Backend(),
                       D3D12Backend({"use_dummy_fragment_in_vertex_only_pipeline"}),
                       MetalBackend(),
                       MetalBackend({"use_dummy_fragment_in_vertex_only_pipeline"}),
                       OpenGLBackend(),
                       OpenGLBackend({"use_dummy_fragment_in_vertex_only_pipeline"}),
                       OpenGLESBackend(),
                       OpenGLESBackend({"use_dummy_fragment_in_vertex_only_pipeline"}),
                       VulkanBackend(),
                       VulkanBackend({"use_dummy_fragment_in_vertex_only_pipeline"}));
	// Copyright 2021 The Dawn Authors
	//
	// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
	// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
	// You may obtain a copy of the License at
	//
	// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
	//
	// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
	// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
	// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
	// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
	// limitations under the License.

	#include "tests/DawnTest.h"

	#include "utils/ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor.h"
	#include "utils/WGPUHelpers.h"

	constexpr wgpu::TextureFormat kDepthStencilFormat = wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth24PlusStencil8;
	constexpr wgpu::TextureFormat kColorFormat = wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA8Unorm;
	constexpr uint32_t kRTWidth = 4;
	constexpr uint32_t kRTHeight = 1;

	class VertexOnlyRenderPipelineTest : public DawnTest {
	protected:
	void SetUp() override {
	DawnTest::SetUp();

	vertexBuffer =
	utils::CreateBufferFromData<float>(device, wgpu::BufferUsage::Vertex,
	{// The middle back line
	-0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,

	// The right front line
	0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,

	// The whole in-between line
	-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f});

	// Create a color texture as render target
	{
	wgpu::TextureDescriptor descriptor;
	descriptor.dimension = wgpu::TextureDimension::e2D;
	descriptor.size = {kRTWidth, kRTHeight};
	descriptor.format = kColorFormat;
	descriptor.usage = wgpu::TextureUsage::RenderAttachment \| wgpu::TextureUsage::CopySrc;
	renderTargetColor = device.CreateTexture(&descriptor);
	}

	// Create a DepthStencilView for vertex-only pipeline to write and full pipeline to read
	{
	wgpu::TextureDescriptor descriptor;
	descriptor.dimension = wgpu::TextureDimension::e2D;
	descriptor.size = {kRTWidth, kRTHeight};
	descriptor.format = kDepthStencilFormat;
	descriptor.usage = wgpu::TextureUsage::RenderAttachment \| wgpu::TextureUsage::CopySrc;
	depthStencilTexture = device.CreateTexture(&descriptor);
	depthStencilView = depthStencilTexture.CreateView();
	}

	// The vertex-only render pass to modify the depth and stencil
	renderPassDescNoColor = utils::ComboRenderPassDescriptor({}, depthStencilView);
	renderPassDescNoColor.cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.depthLoadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Load;
	renderPassDescNoColor.cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.stencilLoadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Load;

	// The complete render pass to read the depth and stencil and draw to color attachment
	renderPassDescWithColor =
	utils::ComboRenderPassDescriptor({renderTargetColor.CreateView()}, depthStencilView);
	renderPassDescWithColor.cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.depthLoadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Load;
	renderPassDescWithColor.cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.stencilLoadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Load;

	// Create a vertex-only render pipeline that only modify the depth in DepthStencilView, and
	// ignore the stencil component
	depthPipelineNoFragment =
	CreateRenderPipeline(wgpu::CompareFunction::Always, wgpu::StencilOperation::Keep,
	wgpu::CompareFunction::Always, true, false);
	depthPipelineWithFragment =
	CreateRenderPipeline(wgpu::CompareFunction::Always, wgpu::StencilOperation::Keep,
	wgpu::CompareFunction::Always, true, true);

	// Create a vertex-only render pipeline that only modify the stencil in DepthStencilView,
	// and ignore the depth component
	stencilPipelineNoFragment =
	CreateRenderPipeline(wgpu::CompareFunction::Always, wgpu::StencilOperation::Replace,
	wgpu::CompareFunction::Always, false, false);
	stencilPipelineWithFragment =
	CreateRenderPipeline(wgpu::CompareFunction::Always, wgpu::StencilOperation::Replace,
	wgpu::CompareFunction::Always, false, true);

	// Create a complete render pipeline that do both depth and stencil tests, and draw to color
	// attachment
	fullPipeline =
	CreateRenderPipeline(wgpu::CompareFunction::Equal, wgpu::StencilOperation::Keep,
	wgpu::CompareFunction::GreaterEqual, false, true);
	}

	wgpu::RenderPipeline CreateRenderPipeline(
	wgpu::CompareFunction stencilCompare = wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
	wgpu::StencilOperation stencilPassOp = wgpu::StencilOperation::Keep,
	wgpu::CompareFunction depthCompare = wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
	bool writeDepth = false,
	bool useFragment = true) {
	wgpu::ShaderModule vsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
	[[stage(vertex)]]
	fn main([[location(0)]] pos : vec4<f32>) -> [[builtin(position)]] vec4<f32> {
	return pos;
	})");

	wgpu::ShaderModule fsModule = utils::CreateShaderModule(device, R"(
	[[stage(fragment)]] fn main() -> [[location(0)]] vec4<f32> {
	return vec4<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
	})");

	utils::ComboRenderPipelineDescriptor descriptor;
	descriptor.primitive.topology = wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::LineList;

	descriptor.vertex.module = vsModule;
	descriptor.vertex.bufferCount = 1;
	descriptor.cBuffers[0].arrayStride = 4 * sizeof(float);
	descriptor.cBuffers[0].attributeCount = 1;
	descriptor.cAttributes[0].format = wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x4;

	descriptor.cFragment.module = fsModule;
	descriptor.cTargets[0].format = kColorFormat;

	wgpu::DepthStencilState* depthStencil = descriptor.EnableDepthStencil(kDepthStencilFormat);

	depthStencil->stencilFront.compare = stencilCompare;
	depthStencil->stencilBack.compare = stencilCompare;
	depthStencil->stencilFront.passOp = stencilPassOp;
	depthStencil->stencilBack.passOp = stencilPassOp;
	depthStencil->depthWriteEnabled = writeDepth;
	depthStencil->depthCompare = depthCompare;

	if (!useFragment) {
	descriptor.fragment = nullptr;
	}

	return device.CreateRenderPipeline(&descriptor);
	}

	void ClearAttachment(const wgpu::CommandEncoder& encoder) {
	utils::ComboRenderPassDescriptor clearPass =
	utils::ComboRenderPassDescriptor({renderTargetColor.CreateView()}, depthStencilView);
	clearPass.cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.depthLoadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Clear;
	clearPass.cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.clearDepth = 0.0f;
	clearPass.cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.stencilLoadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Clear;
	clearPass.cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.clearStencil = 0x0;
	for (auto& t : clearPass.cColorAttachments) {
	t.loadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Clear;
	t.clearColor = {0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0};
	}

	auto pass = encoder.BeginRenderPass(&clearPass);
	pass.EndPass();
	}

	// Render resource
	wgpu::Buffer vertexBuffer;
	// Render target
	wgpu::Texture depthStencilTexture;
	wgpu::TextureView depthStencilView;
	wgpu::Texture renderTargetColor;
	// Render result
	const RGBA8 filled = RGBA8(0, 255, 0, 255);
	const RGBA8 notFilled = RGBA8(0, 0, 0, 0);
	// Render pass
	utils::ComboRenderPassDescriptor renderPassDescNoColor{};
	utils::ComboRenderPassDescriptor renderPassDescWithColor{};
	// Render pipeline
	wgpu::RenderPipeline stencilPipelineNoFragment;
	wgpu::RenderPipeline stencilPipelineWithFragment;
	wgpu::RenderPipeline depthPipelineNoFragment;
	wgpu::RenderPipeline depthPipelineWithFragment;
	wgpu::RenderPipeline fullPipeline;
	};

	// Test that a vertex-only render pipeline modify the stencil attachment as same as a complete
	// render pipeline do.
	TEST_P(VertexOnlyRenderPipelineTest, Stencil) {
	auto doStencilTest = [&](const wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor* renderPass,
	const wgpu::RenderPipeline& pipeline,
	const RGBA8& colorExpect) -> void {
	wgpu::CommandEncoder encoder = device.CreateCommandEncoder();

	ClearAttachment(encoder);

	{
	wgpu::RenderPassEncoder pass = encoder.BeginRenderPass(renderPass);
	pass.SetPipeline(pipeline);
	// Set the stencil reference to a arbitrary value
	pass.SetStencilReference(0x42);
	pass.SetVertexBuffer(0, vertexBuffer);
	// Draw the whole line
	pass.Draw(2, 1, 4, 0);
	pass.EndPass();
	}

	wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish();
	queue.Submit(1, &commands);

	EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(colorExpect, renderTargetColor, 0, 0);
	EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(colorExpect, renderTargetColor, 1, 0);
	EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(colorExpect, renderTargetColor, 2, 0);
	EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(colorExpect, renderTargetColor, 3, 0);

	// Test that the stencil is set to the chosen value
	ExpectAttachmentStencilTestData(depthStencilTexture, kDepthStencilFormat, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0x42);
	};

	doStencilTest(&renderPassDescWithColor, stencilPipelineWithFragment, filled);
	doStencilTest(&renderPassDescNoColor, stencilPipelineNoFragment, notFilled);
	}

	// Test that a vertex-only render pipeline modify the depth attachment as same as a complete render
	// pipeline do.
	TEST_P(VertexOnlyRenderPipelineTest, Depth) {
	auto doStencilTest = [&](const wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor* renderPass,
	const wgpu::RenderPipeline& pipeline,
	const RGBA8& colorExpect) -> void {
	wgpu::CommandEncoder encoder = device.CreateCommandEncoder();

	ClearAttachment(encoder);

	{
	wgpu::RenderPassEncoder pass = encoder.BeginRenderPass(renderPass);
	pass.SetPipeline(pipeline);
	pass.SetStencilReference(0x0);
	pass.SetVertexBuffer(0, vertexBuffer);
	// Draw the whole line
	pass.Draw(2, 1, 4, 0);
	pass.EndPass();
	}

	wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish();
	queue.Submit(1, &commands);

	EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(colorExpect, renderTargetColor, 0, 0);
	EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(colorExpect, renderTargetColor, 1, 0);
	EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(colorExpect, renderTargetColor, 2, 0);
	EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(colorExpect, renderTargetColor, 3, 0);

	// Test that the stencil is set to the chosen value
	uint8_t expectedStencil = 0;
	ExpectAttachmentDepthStencilTestData(depthStencilTexture, kDepthStencilFormat, 4, 1, 0, 0,
	{0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5}, &expectedStencil);
	};

	doStencilTest(&renderPassDescWithColor, depthPipelineWithFragment, filled);
	doStencilTest(&renderPassDescNoColor, depthPipelineNoFragment, notFilled);
	}

	// Test that vertex-only render pipelines and complete render pipelines cooperate correctly in a
	// single encoder, each in a render pass
	// In this test we first draw with a vertex-only pipeline to set up stencil in a region, than draw
	// with another vertex-only pipeline to modify depth in another region, and finally draw with a
	// complete pipeline with depth and stencil tests enabled. We check the color result of the final
	// draw, and make sure that it correctly use the stencil and depth result set in previous
	// vertex-only pipelines.
	TEST_P(VertexOnlyRenderPipelineTest, MultiplePass) {
	wgpu::CommandEncoder encoder = device.CreateCommandEncoder();

	ClearAttachment(encoder);

	// Use the stencil pipeline to set the stencil on the middle
	{
	wgpu::RenderPassEncoder pass = encoder.BeginRenderPass(&renderPassDescNoColor);
	pass.SetStencilReference(0x1);
	pass.SetPipeline(stencilPipelineNoFragment);
	pass.SetVertexBuffer(0, vertexBuffer);
	// Draw the middle line
	pass.Draw(2, 1, 0, 0);
	pass.EndPass();
	}

	// Use the depth pipeline to set the depth on the right
	{
	wgpu::RenderPassEncoder pass = encoder.BeginRenderPass(&renderPassDescNoColor);
	pass.SetStencilReference(0x0);
	pass.SetPipeline(depthPipelineNoFragment);
	pass.SetVertexBuffer(0, vertexBuffer);
	// Draw the right line
	pass.Draw(2, 1, 2, 0);
	pass.EndPass();
	}

	// Use the complete pipeline to draw with depth and stencil tests
	{
	wgpu::RenderPassEncoder pass = encoder.BeginRenderPass(&renderPassDescWithColor);
	pass.SetStencilReference(0x1);
	pass.SetPipeline(fullPipeline);
	pass.SetVertexBuffer(0, vertexBuffer);
	// Draw the full line with depth and stencil tests
	pass.Draw(2, 1, 4, 0);
	pass.EndPass();
	}

	wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish();
	queue.Submit(1, &commands);

	// Only the middle left pixel should pass both stencil and depth tests
	EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(notFilled, renderTargetColor, 0, 0);
	EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(filled, renderTargetColor, 1, 0);
	EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(notFilled, renderTargetColor, 2, 0);
	EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(notFilled, renderTargetColor, 3, 0);
	}

	DAWN_INSTANTIATE_TEST(VertexOnlyRenderPipelineTest,
	D3D12Backend(),
	D3D12Backend({"use_dummy_fragment_in_vertex_only_pipeline"}),
	MetalBackend(),
	MetalBackend({"use_dummy_fragment_in_vertex_only_pipeline"}),
	OpenGLBackend(),
	OpenGLBackend({"use_dummy_fragment_in_vertex_only_pipeline"}),
	OpenGLESBackend(),
	OpenGLESBackend({"use_dummy_fragment_in_vertex_only_pipeline"}),
	VulkanBackend(),
	VulkanBackend({"use_dummy_fragment_in_vertex_only_pipeline"}));