// Copyright 2020 The Tint Authors.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

#include "src/reader/wgsl/parser_impl.h"

#include "src/ast/access_decoration.h"
#include "src/ast/bitcast_expression.h"
#include "src/ast/constant_id_decoration.h"
#include "src/ast/discard_statement.h"
#include "src/ast/fallthrough_statement.h"
#include "src/ast/stage_decoration.h"
#include "src/ast/struct_block_decoration.h"
#include "src/ast/unary_op_expression.h"
#include "src/ast/workgroup_decoration.h"
#include "src/reader/wgsl/lexer.h"
#include "src/type/access_control_type.h"
#include "src/type/depth_texture_type.h"
#include "src/type/multisampled_texture_type.h"
#include "src/type/sampled_texture_type.h"

namespace tint {
namespace reader {
namespace wgsl {
namespace {

template <typename T>
using Expect = ParserImpl::Expect<T>;

template <typename T>
using Maybe = ParserImpl::Maybe<T>;

/// Controls the maximum number of times we'll call into the sync() function
/// from itself. This is to guard against stack overflow when there is an
/// excessive number of blocks.
constexpr uint32_t kMaxSyncDepth = 128;

/// The maximum number of tokens to look ahead to try and sync the
/// parser on error.
constexpr size_t const kMaxResynchronizeLookahead = 32;

const char kVertexStage[] = "vertex";
const char kFragmentStage[] = "fragment";
const char kComputeStage[] = "compute";

const char kReadAccessControl[] = "read";
const char kWriteAccessControl[] = "write";
const char kReadWriteAccessControl[] = "read_write";

ast::Builtin ident_to_builtin(const std::string& str) {
  if (str == "position") {
    return ast::Builtin::kPosition;
  }
  if (str == "vertex_idx" || str == "vertex_index") {
    return ast::Builtin::kVertexIndex;
  }
  if (str == "instance_idx" || str == "instance_index") {
    return ast::Builtin::kInstanceIndex;
  }
  if (str == "front_facing") {
    return ast::Builtin::kFrontFacing;
  }
  if (str == "frag_coord") {
    return ast::Builtin::kFragCoord;
  }
  if (str == "frag_depth") {
    return ast::Builtin::kFragDepth;
  }
  if (str == "local_invocation_id") {
    return ast::Builtin::kLocalInvocationId;
  }
  if (str == "local_invocation_idx" || str == "local_invocation_index") {
    return ast::Builtin::kLocalInvocationIndex;
  }
  if (str == "global_invocation_id") {
    return ast::Builtin::kGlobalInvocationId;
  }
  if (str == "sample_index") {
    return ast::Builtin::kSampleIndex;
  }
  if (str == "sample_mask_in") {
    return ast::Builtin::kSampleMaskIn;
  }
  if (str == "sample_mask_out") {
    return ast::Builtin::kSampleMaskOut;
  }
  return ast::Builtin::kNone;
}

const char kAccessDecoration[] = "access";
const char kBindingDecoration[] = "binding";
const char kBlockDecoration[] = "block";
const char kBuiltinDecoration[] = "builtin";
const char kConstantIdDecoration[] = "constant_id";
const char kGroupDecoration[] = "group";
const char kLocationDecoration[] = "location";
const char kOffsetDecoration[] = "offset";
const char kSetDecoration[] = "set";
const char kStageDecoration[] = "stage";
const char kStrideDecoration[] = "stride";
const char kWorkgroupSizeDecoration[] = "workgroup_size";

bool is_decoration(Token t) {
  if (!t.IsIdentifier())
    return false;

  auto s = t.to_str();
  return s == kAccessDecoration || s == kBindingDecoration ||
         s == kBlockDecoration || s == kBuiltinDecoration ||
         s == kConstantIdDecoration || s == kLocationDecoration ||
         s == kOffsetDecoration || s == kSetDecoration ||
         s == kGroupDecoration || s == kStageDecoration ||
         s == kStrideDecoration || s == kWorkgroupSizeDecoration;
}

/// Enter-exit counters for block token types.
/// Used by sync_to() to skip over closing block tokens that were opened during
/// the forward scan.
struct BlockCounters {
  int attrs = 0;    // [[ ]]
  int brace = 0;    // {   }
  int bracket = 0;  // [   ]
  int paren = 0;    // (   )

  /// @return the current enter-exit depth for the given block token type. If
  /// `t` is not a block token type, then 0 is always returned.
  int consume(const Token& t) {
    if (t.Is(Token::Type::kAttrLeft))
      return attrs++;
    if (t.Is(Token::Type::kAttrRight))
      return attrs--;
    if (t.Is(Token::Type::kBraceLeft))
      return brace++;
    if (t.Is(Token::Type::kBraceRight))
      return brace--;
    if (t.Is(Token::Type::kBracketLeft))
      return bracket++;
    if (t.Is(Token::Type::kBracketRight))
      return bracket--;
    if (t.Is(Token::Type::kParenLeft))
      return paren++;
    if (t.Is(Token::Type::kParenRight))
      return paren--;
    return 0;
  }
};

}  // namespace

ParserImpl::FunctionHeader::FunctionHeader() = default;

ParserImpl::FunctionHeader::FunctionHeader(const FunctionHeader&) = default;

ParserImpl::FunctionHeader::FunctionHeader(Source src,
                                           std::string n,
                                           ast::VariableList p,
                                           type::Type* ret_ty)
    : source(src), name(n), params(p), return_type(ret_ty) {}

ParserImpl::FunctionHeader::~FunctionHeader() = default;

ParserImpl::FunctionHeader& ParserImpl::FunctionHeader::operator=(
    const FunctionHeader& rhs) = default;

ParserImpl::ParserImpl(Source::File const* file)
    : lexer_(std::make_unique<Lexer>(file->path, &file->content)) {}

ParserImpl::~ParserImpl() = default;

ParserImpl::Failure::Errored ParserImpl::add_error(const Source& source,
                                                   const std::string& err,
                                                   const std::string& use) {
  std::stringstream msg;
  msg << err;
  if (!use.empty()) {
    msg << " for " << use;
  }
  add_error(source, msg.str());
  return Failure::kErrored;
}

ParserImpl::Failure::Errored ParserImpl::add_error(const Token& t,
                                                   const std::string& err) {
  add_error(t.source(), err);
  return Failure::kErrored;
}

ParserImpl::Failure::Errored ParserImpl::add_error(const Source& source,
                                                   const std::string& err) {
  if (silence_errors_ == 0) {
    builder_.Diagnostics().add_error(err, source);
  }
  return Failure::kErrored;
}

Token ParserImpl::next() {
  if (!token_queue_.empty()) {
    auto t = token_queue_.front();
    token_queue_.pop_front();
    return t;
  }
  return lexer_->next();
}

Token ParserImpl::peek(size_t idx) {
  while (token_queue_.size() < (idx + 1))
    token_queue_.push_back(lexer_->next());

  return token_queue_[idx];
}

Token ParserImpl::peek() {
  return peek(0);
}

void ParserImpl::register_constructed(const std::string& name,
                                      type::Type* type) {
  assert(type);
  registered_constructs_[name] = type;
}

type::Type* ParserImpl::get_constructed(const std::string& name) {
  if (registered_constructs_.find(name) == registered_constructs_.end()) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  return registered_constructs_[name];
}

bool ParserImpl::Parse() {
  translation_unit();
  return !has_error();
}

// translation_unit
//  : global_decl* EOF
void ParserImpl::translation_unit() {
  while (synchronized_) {
    auto p = peek();
    if (p.IsEof()) {
      break;
    }
    expect_global_decl();
    if (builder_.Diagnostics().error_count() >= max_errors_) {
      add_error(Source{{}, p.source().file_path},
                "stopping after " + std::to_string(max_errors_) + " errors");
      break;
    }
  }
}

// global_decl
//  : SEMICOLON
//  | global_variable_decl SEMICLON
//  | global_constant_decl SEMICOLON
//  | type_alias SEMICOLON
//  | struct_decl SEMICOLON
//  | function_decl
Expect<bool> ParserImpl::expect_global_decl() {
  if (match(Token::Type::kSemicolon) || match(Token::Type::kEOF))
    return true;

  bool errored = false;

  auto decos = decoration_list();
  if (decos.errored)
    errored = true;
  if (!synchronized_)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  auto decl = sync(Token::Type::kSemicolon, [&]() -> Maybe<bool> {
    auto gv = global_variable_decl(decos.value);
    if (gv.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    if (gv.matched) {
      if (!expect("variable declaration", Token::Type::kSemicolon))
        return Failure::kErrored;

      builder_.AST().AddGlobalVariable(gv.value);
      return true;
    }

    auto gc = global_constant_decl(decos.value);
    if (gc.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;

    if (gc.matched) {
      if (!expect("constant declaration", Token::Type::kSemicolon))
        return Failure::kErrored;

      builder_.AST().AddGlobalVariable(gc.value);
      return true;
    }

    auto ta = type_alias();
    if (ta.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;

    if (ta.matched) {
      if (!expect("type alias", Token::Type::kSemicolon))
        return Failure::kErrored;

      builder_.AST().AddConstructedType(ta.value);
      return true;
    }

    auto str = struct_decl(decos.value);
    if (str.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;

    if (str.matched) {
      if (!expect("struct declaration", Token::Type::kSemicolon))
        return Failure::kErrored;

      register_constructed(builder_.Symbols().NameFor(str.value->symbol()),
                           str.value);
      builder_.AST().AddConstructedType(str.value);
      return true;
    }

    return Failure::kNoMatch;
  });

  if (decl.errored)
    errored = true;
  if (decl.matched)
    return true;

  auto func = function_decl(decos.value);
  if (func.errored)
    errored = true;
  if (func.matched) {
    builder_.AST().AddFunction(func.value);
    return true;
  }

  if (errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  // Invalid syntax found - try and determine the best error message

  // We have decorations parsed, but nothing to consume them?
  if (decos.value.size() > 0)
    return add_error(next(), "expected declaration after decorations");

  // We have a statement outside of a function?
  auto t = peek();
  auto stat = without_error([&] { return statement(); });
  if (stat.matched) {
    // Attempt to jump to the next '}' - the function might have just been
    // missing an opening line.
    sync_to(Token::Type::kBraceRight, true);
    return add_error(t, "statement found outside of function body");
  }
  if (!stat.errored) {
    // No match, no error - the parser might not have progressed.
    // Ensure we always make _some_ forward progress.
    next();
  }

  // Exhausted all attempts to make sense of where we're at.
  // Spew a generic error.

  return add_error(t, "unexpected token");
}

// global_variable_decl
//  : variable_decoration_list* variable_decl
//  | variable_decoration_list* variable_decl EQUAL const_expr
Maybe<ast::Variable*> ParserImpl::global_variable_decl(
    ast::DecorationList& decos) {
  auto decl = variable_decl();
  if (decl.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (!decl.matched)
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  auto var_decos = cast_decorations<ast::VariableDecoration>(decos);
  if (var_decos.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  ast::Expression* constructor = nullptr;
  if (match(Token::Type::kEqual)) {
    auto expr = expect_const_expr();
    if (expr.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    constructor = expr.value;
  }

  return create<ast::Variable>(
      decl->source,                             // source
      builder_.Symbols().Register(decl->name),  // symbol
      decl->storage_class,                      // storage_class
      decl->type,                               // type
      false,                                    // is_const
      constructor,                              // constructor
      std::move(var_decos.value));              // decorations
}

// global_constant_decl
//  : variable_decoration_list* CONST variable_ident_decl EQUAL const_expr
Maybe<ast::Variable*> ParserImpl::global_constant_decl(
    ast::DecorationList& decos) {
  if (!match(Token::Type::kConst))
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  const char* use = "constant declaration";

  auto decl = expect_variable_ident_decl(use);
  if (decl.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  if (!expect(use, Token::Type::kEqual))
    return Failure::kErrored;

  auto init = expect_const_expr();
  if (init.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  auto var_decos = cast_decorations<ast::VariableDecoration>(decos);
  if (var_decos.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  return create<ast::Variable>(
      decl->source,                             // source
      builder_.Symbols().Register(decl->name),  // symbol
      ast::StorageClass::kNone,                 // storage_class
      decl->type,                               // type
      true,                                     // is_const
      init.value,                               // constructor
      std::move(var_decos.value));              // decorations
}

// variable_decl
//   : VAR variable_storage_decoration? variable_ident_decl
Maybe<ParserImpl::VarDeclInfo> ParserImpl::variable_decl() {
  if (!match(Token::Type::kVar))
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  ast::StorageClass sc = ast::StorageClass::kNone;
  auto explicit_sc = variable_storage_decoration();
  if (explicit_sc.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (explicit_sc.matched)
    sc = explicit_sc.value;

  auto decl = expect_variable_ident_decl("variable declaration");
  if (decl.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  if (decl->type->UnwrapAll()->is_handle()) {
    // handle types implicitly have the `UniformConstant` storage class.
    // TODO(jrprice): Produce an error if an explicit storage class is provided.
    sc = ast::StorageClass::kUniformConstant;
  }

  return VarDeclInfo{decl->source, decl->name, sc, decl->type};
}

// texture_sampler_types
//  : sampler_type
//  | depth_texture_type
//  | sampled_texture_type LESS_THAN type_decl GREATER_THAN
//  | multisampled_texture_type LESS_THAN type_decl GREATER_THAN
//  | storage_texture_type LESS_THAN image_storage_type GREATER_THAN
Maybe<type::Type*> ParserImpl::texture_sampler_types() {
  auto type = sampler_type();
  if (type.matched)
    return type;

  type = depth_texture_type();
  if (type.matched)
    return type.value;

  auto dim = sampled_texture_type();
  if (dim.matched) {
    const char* use = "sampled texture type";

    auto subtype = expect_lt_gt_block(use, [&] { return expect_type(use); });
    if (subtype.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;

    return builder_.create<type::SampledTexture>(dim.value, subtype.value);
  }

  auto ms_dim = multisampled_texture_type();
  if (ms_dim.matched) {
    const char* use = "multisampled texture type";

    auto subtype = expect_lt_gt_block(use, [&] { return expect_type(use); });
    if (subtype.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;

    return builder_.create<type::MultisampledTexture>(ms_dim.value,
                                                      subtype.value);
  }

  auto storage = storage_texture_type();
  if (storage.matched) {
    const char* use = "storage texture type";

    auto format =
        expect_lt_gt_block(use, [&] { return expect_image_storage_type(use); });

    if (format.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;

    auto* subtype =
        type::StorageTexture::SubtypeFor(format.value, builder_.Types());
    return builder_.create<type::StorageTexture>(storage.value, format.value,
                                                 subtype);
  }

  return Failure::kNoMatch;
}

// sampler_type
//  : SAMPLER
//  | SAMPLER_COMPARISON
Maybe<type::Type*> ParserImpl::sampler_type() {
  if (match(Token::Type::kSampler))
    return builder_.create<type::Sampler>(type::SamplerKind::kSampler);

  if (match(Token::Type::kComparisonSampler))
    return builder_.create<type::Sampler>(
        type::SamplerKind::kComparisonSampler);

  return Failure::kNoMatch;
}

// sampled_texture_type
//  : TEXTURE_SAMPLED_1D
//  | TEXTURE_SAMPLED_2D
//  | TEXTURE_SAMPLED_2D_ARRAY
//  | TEXTURE_SAMPLED_3D
//  | TEXTURE_SAMPLED_CUBE
//  | TEXTURE_SAMPLED_CUBE_ARRAY
Maybe<type::TextureDimension> ParserImpl::sampled_texture_type() {
  if (match(Token::Type::kTextureSampled1d))
    return type::TextureDimension::k1d;

  if (match(Token::Type::kTextureSampled2d))
    return type::TextureDimension::k2d;

  if (match(Token::Type::kTextureSampled2dArray))
    return type::TextureDimension::k2dArray;

  if (match(Token::Type::kTextureSampled3d))
    return type::TextureDimension::k3d;

  if (match(Token::Type::kTextureSampledCube))
    return type::TextureDimension::kCube;

  if (match(Token::Type::kTextureSampledCubeArray))
    return type::TextureDimension::kCubeArray;

  return Failure::kNoMatch;
}

// multisampled_texture_type
//  : TEXTURE_MULTISAMPLED_2D
Maybe<type::TextureDimension> ParserImpl::multisampled_texture_type() {
  if (match(Token::Type::kTextureMultisampled2d))
    return type::TextureDimension::k2d;

  return Failure::kNoMatch;
}

// storage_texture_type
//  : TEXTURE_STORAGE_1D
//  | TEXTURE_STORAGE_2D
//  | TEXTURE_STORAGE_2D_ARRAY
//  | TEXTURE_STORAGE_3D
Maybe<type::TextureDimension> ParserImpl::storage_texture_type() {
  if (match(Token::Type::kTextureStorage1d))
    return type::TextureDimension::k1d;
  if (match(Token::Type::kTextureStorage2d))
    return type::TextureDimension::k2d;
  if (match(Token::Type::kTextureStorage2dArray))
    return type::TextureDimension::k2dArray;
  if (match(Token::Type::kTextureStorage3d))
    return type::TextureDimension::k3d;

  return Failure::kNoMatch;
}

// depth_texture_type
//  : TEXTURE_DEPTH_2D
//  | TEXTURE_DEPTH_2D_ARRAY
//  | TEXTURE_DEPTH_CUBE
//  | TEXTURE_DEPTH_CUBE_ARRAY
Maybe<type::Type*> ParserImpl::depth_texture_type() {
  if (match(Token::Type::kTextureDepth2d))
    return builder_.create<type::DepthTexture>(type::TextureDimension::k2d);

  if (match(Token::Type::kTextureDepth2dArray))
    return builder_.create<type::DepthTexture>(
        type::TextureDimension::k2dArray);

  if (match(Token::Type::kTextureDepthCube))
    return builder_.create<type::DepthTexture>(type::TextureDimension::kCube);

  if (match(Token::Type::kTextureDepthCubeArray))
    return builder_.create<type::DepthTexture>(
        type::TextureDimension::kCubeArray);

  return Failure::kNoMatch;
}

// image_storage_type
//  : R8UNORM
//  | R8SNORM
//  | R8UINT
//  | R8SINT
//  | R16UINT
//  | R16SINT
//  | R16FLOAT
//  | RG8UNORM
//  | RG8SNORM
//  | RG8UINT
//  | RG8SINT
//  | R32UINT
//  | R32SINT
//  | R32FLOAT
//  | RG16UINT
//  | RG16SINT
//  | RG16FLOAT
//  | RGBA8UNORM
/// | RGBA8UNORM-SRGB
//  | RGBA8SNORM
//  | RGBA8UINT
//  | RGBA8SINT
//  | BGRA8UNORM
//  | BGRA8UNORM-SRGB
//  | RGB10A2UNORM
//  | RG11B10FLOAT
//  | RG32UINT
//  | RG32SINT
//  | RG32FLOAT
//  | RGBA16UINT
//  | RGBA16SINT
//  | RGBA16FLOAT
//  | RGBA32UINT
//  | RGBA32SINT
//  | RGBA32FLOAT
Expect<type::ImageFormat> ParserImpl::expect_image_storage_type(
    const std::string& use) {
  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatR8Unorm))
    return type::ImageFormat::kR8Unorm;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatR8Snorm))
    return type::ImageFormat::kR8Snorm;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatR8Uint))
    return type::ImageFormat::kR8Uint;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatR8Sint))
    return type::ImageFormat::kR8Sint;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatR16Uint))
    return type::ImageFormat::kR16Uint;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatR16Sint))
    return type::ImageFormat::kR16Sint;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatR16Float))
    return type::ImageFormat::kR16Float;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatRg8Unorm))
    return type::ImageFormat::kRg8Unorm;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatRg8Snorm))
    return type::ImageFormat::kRg8Snorm;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatRg8Uint))
    return type::ImageFormat::kRg8Uint;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatRg8Sint))
    return type::ImageFormat::kRg8Sint;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatR32Uint))
    return type::ImageFormat::kR32Uint;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatR32Sint))
    return type::ImageFormat::kR32Sint;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatR32Float))
    return type::ImageFormat::kR32Float;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatRg16Uint))
    return type::ImageFormat::kRg16Uint;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatRg16Sint))
    return type::ImageFormat::kRg16Sint;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatRg16Float))
    return type::ImageFormat::kRg16Float;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatRgba8Unorm))
    return type::ImageFormat::kRgba8Unorm;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatRgba8UnormSrgb))
    return type::ImageFormat::kRgba8UnormSrgb;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatRgba8Snorm))
    return type::ImageFormat::kRgba8Snorm;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatRgba8Uint))
    return type::ImageFormat::kRgba8Uint;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatRgba8Sint))
    return type::ImageFormat::kRgba8Sint;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatBgra8Unorm))
    return type::ImageFormat::kBgra8Unorm;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatBgra8UnormSrgb))
    return type::ImageFormat::kBgra8UnormSrgb;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatRgb10A2Unorm))
    return type::ImageFormat::kRgb10A2Unorm;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatRg11B10Float))
    return type::ImageFormat::kRg11B10Float;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatRg32Uint))
    return type::ImageFormat::kRg32Uint;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatRg32Sint))
    return type::ImageFormat::kRg32Sint;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatRg32Float))
    return type::ImageFormat::kRg32Float;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatRgba16Uint))
    return type::ImageFormat::kRgba16Uint;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatRgba16Sint))
    return type::ImageFormat::kRgba16Sint;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatRgba16Float))
    return type::ImageFormat::kRgba16Float;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatRgba32Uint))
    return type::ImageFormat::kRgba32Uint;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatRgba32Sint))
    return type::ImageFormat::kRgba32Sint;

  if (match(Token::Type::kFormatRgba32Float))
    return type::ImageFormat::kRgba32Float;

  return add_error(peek().source(), "invalid format", use);
}

// variable_ident_decl
//   : IDENT COLON variable_decoration_list* type_decl
Expect<ParserImpl::TypedIdentifier> ParserImpl::expect_variable_ident_decl(
    const std::string& use) {
  auto ident = expect_ident(use);
  if (ident.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  if (!expect(use, Token::Type::kColon))
    return Failure::kErrored;

  auto decos = decoration_list();
  if (decos.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  auto access_decos = take_decorations<ast::AccessDecoration>(decos.value);

  auto t = peek();
  auto type = type_decl(decos.value);
  if (type.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (!type.matched)
    return add_error(t.source(), "invalid type", use);

  if (!expect_decorations_consumed(decos.value))
    return Failure::kErrored;

  if (access_decos.size() > 1)
    return add_error(ident.source, "multiple access decorations not allowed");

  auto* ty = type.value;
  for (auto* deco : access_decos) {
    // If we have an access control decoration then we take it and wrap our
    // type up with that decoration
    ty = builder_.create<type::AccessControl>(
        deco->As<ast::AccessDecoration>()->value(), ty);
  }

  return TypedIdentifier{ty, ident.value, ident.source};
}

Expect<ast::AccessControl> ParserImpl::expect_access_type() {
  auto ident = expect_ident("access_type");
  if (ident.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  if (ident.value == kReadAccessControl)
    return {ast::AccessControl::kReadOnly, ident.source};
  if (ident.value == kWriteAccessControl)
    return {ast::AccessControl::kWriteOnly, ident.source};
  if (ident.value == kReadWriteAccessControl)
    return {ast::AccessControl::kReadWrite, ident.source};

  return add_error(ident.source, "invalid value for access decoration");
}

// variable_storage_decoration
//   : LESS_THAN storage_class GREATER_THAN
Maybe<ast::StorageClass> ParserImpl::variable_storage_decoration() {
  if (!peek().IsLessThan())
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  const char* use = "variable decoration";

  auto sc = expect_lt_gt_block(use, [&] { return expect_storage_class(use); });

  if (sc.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  return sc;
}

// type_alias
//   : TYPE IDENT EQUAL type_decl
Maybe<type::Type*> ParserImpl::type_alias() {
  auto t = peek();
  if (!t.IsType())
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  next();  // Consume the peek

  const char* use = "type alias";

  auto name = expect_ident(use);
  if (name.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  if (!expect(use, Token::Type::kEqual))
    return Failure::kErrored;

  auto type = type_decl();
  if (type.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (!type.matched)
    return add_error(peek(), "invalid type alias");

  auto* alias = builder_.create<type::Alias>(
      builder_.Symbols().Register(name.value), type.value);
  register_constructed(name.value, alias);

  return alias;
}

// type_decl
//   : IDENTIFIER
//   | BOOL
//   | FLOAT32
//   | INT32
//   | UINT32
//   | VEC2 LESS_THAN type_decl GREATER_THAN
//   | VEC3 LESS_THAN type_decl GREATER_THAN
//   | VEC4 LESS_THAN type_decl GREATER_THAN
//   | PTR LESS_THAN storage_class, type_decl GREATER_THAN
//   | array_decoration_list* ARRAY LESS_THAN type_decl COMMA
//          INT_LITERAL GREATER_THAN
//   | array_decoration_list* ARRAY LESS_THAN type_decl
//          GREATER_THAN
//   | MAT2x2 LESS_THAN type_decl GREATER_THAN
//   | MAT2x3 LESS_THAN type_decl GREATER_THAN
//   | MAT2x4 LESS_THAN type_decl GREATER_THAN
//   | MAT3x2 LESS_THAN type_decl GREATER_THAN
//   | MAT3x3 LESS_THAN type_decl GREATER_THAN
//   | MAT3x4 LESS_THAN type_decl GREATER_THAN
//   | MAT4x2 LESS_THAN type_decl GREATER_THAN
//   | MAT4x3 LESS_THAN type_decl GREATER_THAN
//   | MAT4x4 LESS_THAN type_decl GREATER_THAN
//   | texture_sampler_types
Maybe<type::Type*> ParserImpl::type_decl() {
  auto decos = decoration_list();
  if (decos.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  auto type = type_decl(decos.value);
  if (type.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (!type.matched)
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  if (!expect_decorations_consumed(decos.value))
    return Failure::kErrored;

  return type.value;
}

Maybe<type::Type*> ParserImpl::type_decl(ast::DecorationList& decos) {
  auto t = peek();
  if (match(Token::Type::kIdentifier)) {
    auto* ty = get_constructed(t.to_str());
    if (ty == nullptr)
      return add_error(t, "unknown constructed type '" + t.to_str() + "'");

    return ty;
  }

  if (match(Token::Type::kBool))
    return builder_.create<type::Bool>();

  if (match(Token::Type::kF32))
    return builder_.create<type::F32>();

  if (match(Token::Type::kI32))
    return builder_.create<type::I32>();

  if (match(Token::Type::kU32))
    return builder_.create<type::U32>();

  if (t.IsVec2() || t.IsVec3() || t.IsVec4()) {
    next();  // Consume the peek
    return expect_type_decl_vector(t);
  }

  if (match(Token::Type::kPtr))
    return expect_type_decl_pointer();

  if (match(Token::Type::kArray)) {
    auto array_decos = cast_decorations<ast::ArrayDecoration>(decos);
    if (array_decos.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;

    return expect_type_decl_array(std::move(array_decos.value));
  }

  if (t.IsMat2x2() || t.IsMat2x3() || t.IsMat2x4() || t.IsMat3x2() ||
      t.IsMat3x3() || t.IsMat3x4() || t.IsMat4x2() || t.IsMat4x3() ||
      t.IsMat4x4()) {
    next();  // Consume the peek
    return expect_type_decl_matrix(t);
  }

  auto texture_or_sampler = texture_sampler_types();
  if (texture_or_sampler.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (texture_or_sampler.matched)
    return texture_or_sampler.value;

  return Failure::kNoMatch;
}

Expect<type::Type*> ParserImpl::expect_type(const std::string& use) {
  auto type = type_decl();
  if (type.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (!type.matched)
    return add_error(peek().source(), "invalid type", use);
  return type.value;
}

Expect<type::Type*> ParserImpl::expect_type_decl_pointer() {
  const char* use = "ptr declaration";

  return expect_lt_gt_block(use, [&]() -> Expect<type::Type*> {
    auto sc = expect_storage_class(use);
    if (sc.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;

    if (!expect(use, Token::Type::kComma))
      return Failure::kErrored;

    auto subtype = expect_type(use);
    if (subtype.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;

    return builder_.create<type::Pointer>(subtype.value, sc.value);
  });
}

Expect<type::Type*> ParserImpl::expect_type_decl_vector(Token t) {
  uint32_t count = 2;
  if (t.IsVec3())
    count = 3;
  else if (t.IsVec4())
    count = 4;

  const char* use = "vector";

  auto subtype = expect_lt_gt_block(use, [&] { return expect_type(use); });
  if (subtype.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  return builder_.create<type::Vector>(subtype.value, count);
}

Expect<type::Type*> ParserImpl::expect_type_decl_array(
    ast::ArrayDecorationList decos) {
  const char* use = "array declaration";

  return expect_lt_gt_block(use, [&]() -> Expect<type::Type*> {
    auto subtype = expect_type(use);
    if (subtype.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;

    uint32_t size = 0;
    if (match(Token::Type::kComma)) {
      auto val = expect_nonzero_positive_sint("array size");
      if (val.errored)
        return Failure::kErrored;
      size = val.value;
    }

    return create<type::Array>(subtype.value, size, std::move(decos));
  });
}

Expect<type::Type*> ParserImpl::expect_type_decl_matrix(Token t) {
  uint32_t rows = 2;
  uint32_t columns = 2;
  if (t.IsMat3x2() || t.IsMat3x3() || t.IsMat3x4()) {
    columns = 3;
  } else if (t.IsMat4x2() || t.IsMat4x3() || t.IsMat4x4()) {
    columns = 4;
  }
  if (t.IsMat2x3() || t.IsMat3x3() || t.IsMat4x3()) {
    rows = 3;
  } else if (t.IsMat2x4() || t.IsMat3x4() || t.IsMat4x4()) {
    rows = 4;
  }

  const char* use = "matrix";

  auto subtype = expect_lt_gt_block(use, [&] { return expect_type(use); });
  if (subtype.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  return builder_.create<type::Matrix>(subtype.value, rows, columns);
}

// storage_class
//  : INPUT
//  | OUTPUT
//  | UNIFORM
//  | WORKGROUP
//  | UNIFORM_CONSTANT
//  | STORAGE
//  | IMAGE
//  | PRIVATE
//  | FUNCTION
Expect<ast::StorageClass> ParserImpl::expect_storage_class(
    const std::string& use) {
  auto source = peek().source();

  if (match(Token::Type::kIn))
    return {ast::StorageClass::kInput, source};

  if (match(Token::Type::kOut))
    return {ast::StorageClass::kOutput, source};

  if (match(Token::Type::kUniform))
    return {ast::StorageClass::kUniform, source};

  if (match(Token::Type::kWorkgroup))
    return {ast::StorageClass::kWorkgroup, source};

  if (match(Token::Type::kUniformConstant))
    return {ast::StorageClass::kUniformConstant, source};

  if (match(Token::Type::kStorage))
    return {ast::StorageClass::kStorage, source};

  if (match(Token::Type::kImage))
    return {ast::StorageClass::kImage, source};

  if (match(Token::Type::kPrivate))
    return {ast::StorageClass::kPrivate, source};

  if (match(Token::Type::kFunction))
    return {ast::StorageClass::kFunction, source};

  return add_error(source, "invalid storage class", use);
}

// struct_decl
//   : struct_decoration_decl* STRUCT IDENT struct_body_decl
Maybe<type::Struct*> ParserImpl::struct_decl(ast::DecorationList& decos) {
  auto t = peek();
  auto source = t.source();

  if (!match(Token::Type::kStruct))
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  auto name = expect_ident("struct declaration");
  if (name.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  auto body = expect_struct_body_decl();
  if (body.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  auto struct_decos = cast_decorations<ast::StructDecoration>(decos);
  if (struct_decos.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  return create<type::Struct>(
      builder_.Symbols().Register(name.value),
      create<ast::Struct>(source, std::move(body.value),
                          std::move(struct_decos.value)));
}

// struct_body_decl
//   : BRACKET_LEFT struct_member* BRACKET_RIGHT
Expect<ast::StructMemberList> ParserImpl::expect_struct_body_decl() {
  return expect_brace_block(
      "struct declaration", [&]() -> Expect<ast::StructMemberList> {
        bool errored = false;

        ast::StructMemberList members;

        while (synchronized_ && !peek().IsBraceRight() && !peek().IsEof()) {
          auto member = sync(Token::Type::kSemicolon,
                             [&]() -> Expect<ast::StructMember*> {
                               auto decos = decoration_list();
                               if (decos.errored)
                                 errored = true;
                               if (!synchronized_)
                                 return Failure::kErrored;
                               return expect_struct_member(decos.value);
                             });

          if (member.errored) {
            errored = true;
          } else {
            members.push_back(member.value);
          }
        }

        if (errored)
          return Failure::kErrored;

        return members;
      });
}

// struct_member
//   : struct_member_decoration_decl+ variable_ident_decl SEMICOLON
Expect<ast::StructMember*> ParserImpl::expect_struct_member(
    ast::DecorationList& decos) {
  auto decl = expect_variable_ident_decl("struct member");
  if (decl.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  auto member_decos = cast_decorations<ast::StructMemberDecoration>(decos);
  if (member_decos.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  if (!expect("struct member", Token::Type::kSemicolon))
    return Failure::kErrored;

  return create<ast::StructMember>(decl->source,
                                   builder_.Symbols().Register(decl->name),
                                   decl->type, std::move(member_decos.value));
}

// function_decl
//   : function_header body_stmt
Maybe<ast::Function*> ParserImpl::function_decl(ast::DecorationList& decos) {
  auto header = function_header();
  if (header.errored) {
    if (sync_to(Token::Type::kBraceLeft, /* consume: */ false)) {
      // There were errors in the function header, but the parser has managed to
      // resynchronize with the opening brace. As there's no outer
      // synchronization token for function declarations, attempt to parse the
      // function body. The AST isn't used as we've already errored, but this
      // catches any errors inside the body, and can help keep the parser in
      // sync.
      expect_body_stmt();
    }
    return Failure::kErrored;
  }
  if (!header.matched)
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  bool errored = false;

  auto func_decos = cast_decorations<ast::FunctionDecoration>(decos);
  if (func_decos.errored)
    errored = true;

  auto body = expect_body_stmt();
  if (body.errored)
    errored = true;

  if (errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  return create<ast::Function>(
      header->source, builder_.Symbols().Register(header->name), header->params,
      header->return_type, body.value, func_decos.value);
}

// function_type_decl
//   : type_decl
//   | VOID
Maybe<type::Type*> ParserImpl::function_type_decl() {
  if (match(Token::Type::kVoid))
    return builder_.create<type::Void>();

  return type_decl();
}

// function_header
//   : FN IDENT PAREN_LEFT param_list PAREN_RIGHT ARROW function_type_decl
Maybe<ParserImpl::FunctionHeader> ParserImpl::function_header() {
  Source source;
  if (!match(Token::Type::kFn, &source))
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  const char* use = "function declaration";
  bool errored = false;

  auto name = expect_ident(use);
  if (name.errored) {
    errored = true;
    if (!sync_to(Token::Type::kParenLeft, /* consume: */ false))
      return Failure::kErrored;
  }

  auto params = expect_paren_block(use, [&] { return expect_param_list(); });
  if (params.errored) {
    errored = true;
    if (!synchronized_)
      return Failure::kErrored;
  }

  if (!expect(use, Token::Type::kArrow))
    return Failure::kErrored;

  auto type = function_type_decl();
  if (type.errored) {
    errored = true;
  } else if (!type.matched) {
    return add_error(peek(), "unable to determine function return type");
  }

  if (errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  return FunctionHeader{source, name.value, std::move(params.value),
                        type.value};
}

// param_list
//   :
//   | (param COMMA)* param
Expect<ast::VariableList> ParserImpl::expect_param_list() {
  // Check for an empty list.
  auto t = peek();
  if (!t.IsIdentifier() && !t.IsAttrLeft()) {
    return ast::VariableList{};
  }

  ast::VariableList ret;
  while (synchronized_) {
    auto param = expect_param();
    if (param.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    ret.push_back(param.value);

    if (!match(Token::Type::kComma))
      break;
  }

  return ret;
}

// param
//   : decoration_list* variable_ident_decl
Expect<ast::Variable*> ParserImpl::expect_param() {
  auto decos = decoration_list();
  auto var_decos = cast_decorations<ast::VariableDecoration>(decos.value);
  if (var_decos.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  auto decl = expect_variable_ident_decl("parameter");
  if (decl.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  auto* var =
      create<ast::Variable>(decl->source,                             // source
                            builder_.Symbols().Register(decl->name),  // symbol
                            ast::StorageClass::kNone,     // storage_class
                            decl->type,                   // type
                            true,                         // is_const
                            nullptr,                      // constructor
                            std::move(var_decos.value));  // decorations
  // Formal parameters are treated like a const declaration where the
  // initializer value is provided by the call's argument.  The key point is
  // that it's not updatable after initially set.  This is unlike C or GLSL
  // which treat formal parameters like local variables that can be updated.

  return var;
}

// pipeline_stage
//   : VERTEX
//   | FRAGMENT
//   | COMPUTE
Expect<ast::PipelineStage> ParserImpl::expect_pipeline_stage() {
  auto t = peek();
  if (!t.IsIdentifier()) {
    return add_error(t, "invalid value for stage decoration");
  }

  auto s = t.to_str();
  if (s == kVertexStage) {
    next();  // Consume the peek
    return {ast::PipelineStage::kVertex, t.source()};
  }
  if (s == kFragmentStage) {
    next();  // Consume the peek
    return {ast::PipelineStage::kFragment, t.source()};
  }
  if (s == kComputeStage) {
    next();  // Consume the peek
    return {ast::PipelineStage::kCompute, t.source()};
  }

  return add_error(peek(), "invalid value for stage decoration");
}

Expect<ast::Builtin> ParserImpl::expect_builtin() {
  auto ident = expect_ident("builtin");
  if (ident.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  ast::Builtin builtin = ident_to_builtin(ident.value);
  if (builtin == ast::Builtin::kNone)
    return add_error(ident.source, "invalid value for builtin decoration");

  return {builtin, ident.source};
}

// body_stmt
//   : BRACKET_LEFT statements BRACKET_RIGHT
Expect<ast::BlockStatement*> ParserImpl::expect_body_stmt() {
  return expect_brace_block("", [&]() -> Expect<ast::BlockStatement*> {
    auto stmts = expect_statements();
    if (stmts.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    return create<ast::BlockStatement>(Source{}, stmts.value);
  });
}

// paren_rhs_stmt
//   : PAREN_LEFT logical_or_expression PAREN_RIGHT
Expect<ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::expect_paren_rhs_stmt() {
  return expect_paren_block("", [&]() -> Expect<ast::Expression*> {
    auto expr = logical_or_expression();
    if (expr.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    if (!expr.matched)
      return add_error(peek(), "unable to parse expression");

    return expr.value;
  });
}

// statements
//   : statement*
Expect<ast::StatementList> ParserImpl::expect_statements() {
  bool errored = false;
  ast::StatementList stmts;

  while (synchronized_) {
    auto stmt = statement();
    if (stmt.errored) {
      errored = true;
    } else if (stmt.matched) {
      stmts.emplace_back(stmt.value);
    } else {
      break;
    }
  }

  if (errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  return stmts;
}

// statement
//   : SEMICOLON
//   | body_stmt?
//   | if_stmt
//   | switch_stmt
//   | loop_stmt
//   | for_stmt
//   | non_block_statement
//      : return_stmt SEMICOLON
//      | func_call_stmt SEMICOLON
//      | variable_stmt SEMICOLON
//      | break_stmt SEMICOLON
//      | continue_stmt SEMICOLON
//      | DISCARD SEMICOLON
//      | assignment_stmt SEMICOLON
Maybe<ast::Statement*> ParserImpl::statement() {
  while (match(Token::Type::kSemicolon)) {
    // Skip empty statements
  }

  // Non-block statments that error can resynchronize on semicolon.
  auto stmt =
      sync(Token::Type::kSemicolon, [&] { return non_block_statement(); });

  if (stmt.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (stmt.matched)
    return stmt;

  auto stmt_if = if_stmt();
  if (stmt_if.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (stmt_if.matched)
    return stmt_if.value;

  auto sw = switch_stmt();
  if (sw.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (sw.matched)
    return sw.value;

  auto loop = loop_stmt();
  if (loop.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (loop.matched)
    return loop.value;

  auto stmt_for = for_stmt();
  if (stmt_for.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (stmt_for.matched)
    return stmt_for.value;

  if (peek().IsBraceLeft()) {
    auto body = expect_body_stmt();
    if (body.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    return body.value;
  }

  return Failure::kNoMatch;
}

// statement (continued)
//   : return_stmt SEMICOLON
//   | func_call_stmt SEMICOLON
//   | variable_stmt SEMICOLON
//   | break_stmt SEMICOLON
//   | continue_stmt SEMICOLON
//   | DISCARD SEMICOLON
//   | assignment_stmt SEMICOLON
Maybe<ast::Statement*> ParserImpl::non_block_statement() {
  auto stmt = [&]() -> Maybe<ast::Statement*> {
    auto ret_stmt = return_stmt();
    if (ret_stmt.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    if (ret_stmt.matched)
      return ret_stmt.value;

    auto func = func_call_stmt();
    if (func.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    if (func.matched)
      return func.value;

    auto var = variable_stmt();
    if (var.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    if (var.matched)
      return var.value;

    auto b = break_stmt();
    if (b.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    if (b.matched)
      return b.value;

    auto cont = continue_stmt();
    if (cont.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    if (cont.matched)
      return cont.value;

    auto assign = assignment_stmt();
    if (assign.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    if (assign.matched)
      return assign.value;

    Source source;
    if (match(Token::Type::kDiscard, &source))
      return create<ast::DiscardStatement>(source);

    return Failure::kNoMatch;
  }();

  if (stmt.matched && !expect(stmt->Name(), Token::Type::kSemicolon))
    return Failure::kErrored;

  return stmt;
}

// return_stmt
//   : RETURN logical_or_expression?
Maybe<ast::ReturnStatement*> ParserImpl::return_stmt() {
  Source source;
  if (!match(Token::Type::kReturn, &source))
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  if (peek().IsSemicolon())
    return create<ast::ReturnStatement>(source, nullptr);

  auto expr = logical_or_expression();
  if (expr.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  // TODO(bclayton): Check matched?
  return create<ast::ReturnStatement>(source, expr.value);
}

// variable_stmt
//   : variable_decl
//   | variable_decl EQUAL logical_or_expression
//   | CONST variable_ident_decl EQUAL logical_or_expression
Maybe<ast::VariableDeclStatement*> ParserImpl::variable_stmt() {
  if (match(Token::Type::kConst)) {
    auto decl = expect_variable_ident_decl("constant declaration");
    if (decl.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;

    if (!expect("constant declaration", Token::Type::kEqual))
      return Failure::kErrored;

    auto constructor = logical_or_expression();
    if (constructor.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    if (!constructor.matched)
      return add_error(peek(), "missing constructor for const declaration");

    auto* var = create<ast::Variable>(
        decl->source,                             // source
        builder_.Symbols().Register(decl->name),  // symbol
        ast::StorageClass::kNone,                 // storage_class
        decl->type,                               // type
        true,                                     // is_const
        constructor.value,                        // constructor
        ast::VariableDecorationList{});           // decorations

    return create<ast::VariableDeclStatement>(decl->source, var);
  }

  auto decl = variable_decl();
  if (decl.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (!decl.matched)
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  ast::Expression* constructor = nullptr;
  if (match(Token::Type::kEqual)) {
    auto constructor_expr = logical_or_expression();
    if (constructor_expr.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    if (!constructor_expr.matched)
      return add_error(peek(), "missing constructor for variable declaration");

    constructor = constructor_expr.value;
  }

  auto* var =
      create<ast::Variable>(decl->source,                             // source
                            builder_.Symbols().Register(decl->name),  // symbol
                            decl->storage_class,             // storage_class
                            decl->type,                      // type
                            false,                           // is_const
                            constructor,                     // constructor
                            ast::VariableDecorationList{});  // decorations

  return create<ast::VariableDeclStatement>(var->source(), var);
}

// if_stmt
//   : IF paren_rhs_stmt body_stmt elseif_stmt? else_stmt?
Maybe<ast::IfStatement*> ParserImpl::if_stmt() {
  Source source;
  if (!match(Token::Type::kIf, &source))
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  auto condition = expect_paren_rhs_stmt();
  if (condition.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  auto body = expect_body_stmt();
  if (body.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  auto elseif = elseif_stmt();
  if (elseif.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  auto el = else_stmt();
  if (el.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (el.matched)
    elseif.value.push_back(el.value);

  return create<ast::IfStatement>(source, condition.value, body.value,
                                  elseif.value);
}

// elseif_stmt
//   : ELSE_IF paren_rhs_stmt body_stmt elseif_stmt?
Maybe<ast::ElseStatementList> ParserImpl::elseif_stmt() {
  Source source;
  if (!match(Token::Type::kElseIf, &source))
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  ast::ElseStatementList ret;
  for (;;) {
    auto condition = expect_paren_rhs_stmt();
    if (condition.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;

    auto body = expect_body_stmt();
    if (body.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;

    ret.push_back(
        create<ast::ElseStatement>(source, condition.value, body.value));

    if (!match(Token::Type::kElseIf, &source))
      break;
  }

  return ret;
}

// else_stmt
//   : ELSE body_stmt
Maybe<ast::ElseStatement*> ParserImpl::else_stmt() {
  Source source;
  if (!match(Token::Type::kElse, &source))
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  auto body = expect_body_stmt();
  if (body.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  return create<ast::ElseStatement>(source, nullptr, body.value);
}

// switch_stmt
//   : SWITCH paren_rhs_stmt BRACKET_LEFT switch_body+ BRACKET_RIGHT
Maybe<ast::SwitchStatement*> ParserImpl::switch_stmt() {
  Source source;
  if (!match(Token::Type::kSwitch, &source))
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  auto condition = expect_paren_rhs_stmt();
  if (condition.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  auto body = expect_brace_block("switch statement",
                                 [&]() -> Expect<ast::CaseStatementList> {
                                   bool errored = false;
                                   ast::CaseStatementList list;
                                   while (synchronized_) {
                                     auto stmt = switch_body();
                                     if (stmt.errored) {
                                       errored = true;
                                       continue;
                                     }
                                     if (!stmt.matched)
                                       break;
                                     list.push_back(stmt.value);
                                   }
                                   if (errored)
                                     return Failure::kErrored;
                                   return list;
                                 });

  if (body.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  return create<ast::SwitchStatement>(source, condition.value, body.value);
}

// switch_body
//   : CASE case_selectors COLON BRACKET_LEFT case_body BRACKET_RIGHT
//   | DEFAULT COLON BRACKET_LEFT case_body BRACKET_RIGHT
Maybe<ast::CaseStatement*> ParserImpl::switch_body() {
  auto t = peek();
  if (!t.IsCase() && !t.IsDefault())
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  auto source = t.source();
  next();  // Consume the peek

  ast::CaseSelectorList selector_list;
  if (t.IsCase()) {
    auto selectors = expect_case_selectors();
    if (selectors.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;

    selector_list = std::move(selectors.value);
  }

  const char* use = "case statement";

  if (!expect(use, Token::Type::kColon))
    return Failure::kErrored;

  auto body = expect_brace_block(use, [&] { return case_body(); });

  if (body.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (!body.matched)
    return add_error(body.source, "expected case body");

  return create<ast::CaseStatement>(source, selector_list, body.value);
}

// case_selectors
//   : const_literal (COMMA const_literal)*
Expect<ast::CaseSelectorList> ParserImpl::expect_case_selectors() {
  ast::CaseSelectorList selectors;

  for (;;) {
    auto t = peek();
    auto matched_comma = match(Token::Type::kComma);

    if (selectors.empty() && matched_comma)
      return add_error(t, "a selector is expected before the comma");
    if (matched_comma)
      t = peek();

    auto cond = const_literal();
    if (cond.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    if (!cond.matched) {
      if (matched_comma) {
        return add_error(t, "a selector is expected after the comma");
      }
      break;
    }
    if (!cond->Is<ast::IntLiteral>())
      return add_error(t, "invalid case selector must be an integer value");
    if (!selectors.empty() && !matched_comma)
      return add_error(t, "expected a comma after the previous selector");

    selectors.push_back(cond.value->As<ast::IntLiteral>());
  }

  if (selectors.empty())
    return add_error(peek(), "unable to parse case selectors");

  return selectors;
}

// case_body
//   :
//   | statement case_body
//   | FALLTHROUGH SEMICOLON
Maybe<ast::BlockStatement*> ParserImpl::case_body() {
  ast::StatementList stmts;
  for (;;) {
    Source source;
    if (match(Token::Type::kFallthrough, &source)) {
      if (!expect("fallthrough statement", Token::Type::kSemicolon))
        return Failure::kErrored;

      stmts.emplace_back(create<ast::FallthroughStatement>(source));
      break;
    }

    auto stmt = statement();
    if (stmt.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    if (!stmt.matched)
      break;

    stmts.emplace_back(stmt.value);
  }

  return create<ast::BlockStatement>(Source{}, stmts);
}

// loop_stmt
//   : LOOP BRACKET_LEFT statements continuing_stmt? BRACKET_RIGHT
Maybe<ast::LoopStatement*> ParserImpl::loop_stmt() {
  Source source;
  if (!match(Token::Type::kLoop, &source))
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  return expect_brace_block("loop", [&]() -> Maybe<ast::LoopStatement*> {
    auto stmts = expect_statements();
    if (stmts.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;

    auto continuing = continuing_stmt();
    if (continuing.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;

    auto* body = create<ast::BlockStatement>(source, stmts.value);
    return create<ast::LoopStatement>(source, body, continuing.value);
  });
}

ForHeader::ForHeader(ast::Statement* init,
                     ast::Expression* cond,
                     ast::Statement* cont)
    : initializer(init), condition(cond), continuing(cont) {}

ForHeader::~ForHeader() = default;

// (variable_stmt | assignment_stmt | func_call_stmt)?
Maybe<ast::Statement*> ParserImpl::for_header_initializer() {
  auto call = func_call_stmt();
  if (call.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (call.matched)
    return call.value;

  auto var = variable_stmt();
  if (var.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (var.matched)
    return var.value;

  auto assign = assignment_stmt();
  if (assign.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (assign.matched)
    return assign.value;

  return Failure::kNoMatch;
}

// (assignment_stmt | func_call_stmt)?
Maybe<ast::Statement*> ParserImpl::for_header_continuing() {
  auto call_stmt = func_call_stmt();
  if (call_stmt.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (call_stmt.matched)
    return call_stmt.value;

  auto assign = assignment_stmt();
  if (assign.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (assign.matched)
    return assign.value;

  return Failure::kNoMatch;
}

// for_header
//   : (variable_stmt | assignment_stmt | func_call_stmt)?
//   SEMICOLON
//      logical_or_expression? SEMICOLON
//      (assignment_stmt | func_call_stmt)?
Expect<std::unique_ptr<ForHeader>> ParserImpl::expect_for_header() {
  auto initializer = for_header_initializer();
  if (initializer.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  if (!expect("initializer in for loop", Token::Type::kSemicolon))
    return Failure::kErrored;

  auto condition = logical_or_expression();
  if (condition.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  if (!expect("condition in for loop", Token::Type::kSemicolon))
    return Failure::kErrored;

  auto continuing = for_header_continuing();
  if (continuing.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  return std::make_unique<ForHeader>(initializer.value, condition.value,
                                     continuing.value);
}

// for_statement
//   : FOR PAREN_LEFT for_header PAREN_RIGHT BRACE_LEFT statements BRACE_RIGHT
Maybe<ast::Statement*> ParserImpl::for_stmt() {
  Source source;
  if (!match(Token::Type::kFor, &source))
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  auto header =
      expect_paren_block("for loop", [&] { return expect_for_header(); });
  if (header.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  auto stmts =
      expect_brace_block("for loop", [&] { return expect_statements(); });
  if (stmts.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  // The for statement is a syntactic sugar on top of the loop statement.
  // We create corresponding nodes in ast with the exact same behaviour
  // as we would expect from the loop statement.
  if (header->condition != nullptr) {
    // !condition
    auto* not_condition = create<ast::UnaryOpExpression>(
        header->condition->source(), ast::UnaryOp::kNot, header->condition);
    // { break; }
    auto* break_stmt = create<ast::BreakStatement>(not_condition->source());
    auto* break_body =
        create<ast::BlockStatement>(not_condition->source(), ast::StatementList{
                                                                 break_stmt,
                                                             });
    // if (!condition) { break; }
    auto* break_if_not_condition =
        create<ast::IfStatement>(not_condition->source(), not_condition,
                                 break_body, ast::ElseStatementList{});
    stmts.value.insert(stmts.value.begin(), break_if_not_condition);
  }

  ast::BlockStatement* continuing_body = nullptr;
  if (header->continuing != nullptr) {
    continuing_body = create<ast::BlockStatement>(header->continuing->source(),
                                                  ast::StatementList{
                                                      header->continuing,
                                                  });
  }

  auto* body = create<ast::BlockStatement>(source, stmts.value);
  auto* loop = create<ast::LoopStatement>(source, body, continuing_body);

  if (header->initializer != nullptr) {
    return create<ast::BlockStatement>(source, ast::StatementList{
                                                   header->initializer,
                                                   loop,
                                               });
  }

  return loop;
}

// func_call_stmt
//    : IDENT PAREN_LEFT argument_expression_list* PAREN_RIGHT
Maybe<ast::CallStatement*> ParserImpl::func_call_stmt() {
  auto t = peek();
  auto t2 = peek(1);
  if (!t.IsIdentifier() || !t2.IsParenLeft())
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  auto source = t.source();

  next();  // Consume the peek
  next();  // Consume the 2nd peek

  auto name = t.to_str();

  ast::ExpressionList params;

  t = peek();
  if (!t.IsParenRight() && !t.IsEof()) {
    auto list = expect_argument_expression_list();
    if (list.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    params = std::move(list.value);
  }

  if (!expect("call statement", Token::Type::kParenRight))
    return Failure::kErrored;

  return create<ast::CallStatement>(
      Source{}, create<ast::CallExpression>(
                    source,
                    create<ast::IdentifierExpression>(
                        source, builder_.Symbols().Register(name)),
                    std::move(params)));
}

// break_stmt
//   : BREAK
Maybe<ast::BreakStatement*> ParserImpl::break_stmt() {
  Source source;
  if (!match(Token::Type::kBreak, &source))
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  return create<ast::BreakStatement>(source);
}

// continue_stmt
//   : CONTINUE
Maybe<ast::ContinueStatement*> ParserImpl::continue_stmt() {
  Source source;
  if (!match(Token::Type::kContinue, &source))
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  return create<ast::ContinueStatement>(source);
}

// continuing_stmt
//   : CONTINUING body_stmt
Maybe<ast::BlockStatement*> ParserImpl::continuing_stmt() {
  if (!match(Token::Type::kContinuing))
    return create<ast::BlockStatement>(Source{}, ast::StatementList{});

  return expect_body_stmt();
}

// primary_expression
//   : IDENT
//   | type_decl PAREN_LEFT argument_expression_list* PAREN_RIGHT
//   | const_literal
//   | paren_rhs_stmt
//   | BITCAST LESS_THAN type_decl GREATER_THAN paren_rhs_stmt
Maybe<ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::primary_expression() {
  auto t = peek();
  auto source = t.source();

  auto lit = const_literal();
  if (lit.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (lit.matched)
    return create<ast::ScalarConstructorExpression>(source, lit.value);

  if (t.IsParenLeft()) {
    auto paren = expect_paren_rhs_stmt();
    if (paren.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;

    return paren.value;
  }

  if (match(Token::Type::kBitcast)) {
    const char* use = "bitcast expression";

    auto type = expect_lt_gt_block(use, [&] { return expect_type(use); });
    if (type.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;

    auto params = expect_paren_rhs_stmt();
    if (params.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;

    return create<ast::BitcastExpression>(source, type.value, params.value);
  }

  if (t.IsIdentifier() && !get_constructed(t.to_str())) {
    next();
    return create<ast::IdentifierExpression>(
        t.source(), builder_.Symbols().Register(t.to_str()));
  }

  auto type = type_decl();
  if (type.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (type.matched) {
    auto expr = expect_paren_block(
        "type constructor", [&]() -> Expect<ast::TypeConstructorExpression*> {
          t = peek();
          if (t.IsParenRight() || t.IsEof())
            return create<ast::TypeConstructorExpression>(
                source, type.value, ast::ExpressionList{});

          auto params = expect_argument_expression_list();
          if (params.errored)
            return Failure::kErrored;

          return create<ast::TypeConstructorExpression>(source, type.value,
                                                        params.value);
        });

    if (expr.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;

    return expr.value;
  }

  return Failure::kNoMatch;
}

// postfix_expr
//   :
//   | BRACE_LEFT logical_or_expression BRACE_RIGHT postfix_expr
//   | PAREN_LEFT argument_expression_list* PAREN_RIGHT postfix_expr
//   | PERIOD IDENTIFIER postfix_expr
Maybe<ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::postfix_expr(ast::Expression* prefix) {
  Source source;
  if (match(Token::Type::kBracketLeft, &source)) {
    return sync(Token::Type::kBracketRight, [&]() -> Maybe<ast::Expression*> {
      auto param = logical_or_expression();
      if (param.errored)
        return Failure::kErrored;
      if (!param.matched)
        return add_error(peek(), "unable to parse expression inside []");

      if (!expect("array accessor", Token::Type::kBracketRight))
        return Failure::kErrored;

      return postfix_expr(
          create<ast::ArrayAccessorExpression>(source, prefix, param.value));
    });
  }

  if (match(Token::Type::kParenLeft, &source)) {
    return sync(Token::Type::kParenRight, [&]() -> Maybe<ast::Expression*> {
      ast::ExpressionList params;

      auto t = peek();
      if (!t.IsParenRight() && !t.IsEof()) {
        auto list = expect_argument_expression_list();
        if (list.errored)
          return Failure::kErrored;
        params = list.value;
      }

      if (!expect("call expression", Token::Type::kParenRight))
        return Failure::kErrored;

      return postfix_expr(create<ast::CallExpression>(source, prefix, params));
    });
  }

  if (match(Token::Type::kPeriod)) {
    auto ident = expect_ident("member accessor");
    if (ident.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;

    return postfix_expr(create<ast::MemberAccessorExpression>(
        ident.source, prefix,
        create<ast::IdentifierExpression>(
            ident.source, builder_.Symbols().Register(ident.value))));
  }

  return prefix;
}

// postfix_expression
//   : primary_expression postfix_expr
Maybe<ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::postfix_expression() {
  auto prefix = primary_expression();
  if (prefix.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (!prefix.matched)
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  return postfix_expr(prefix.value);
}

// argument_expression_list
//   : (logical_or_expression COMMA)* logical_or_expression
Expect<ast::ExpressionList> ParserImpl::expect_argument_expression_list() {
  auto arg = logical_or_expression();
  if (arg.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (!arg.matched)
    return add_error(peek(), "unable to parse argument expression");

  ast::ExpressionList ret;
  ret.push_back(arg.value);

  while (match(Token::Type::kComma)) {
    arg = logical_or_expression();
    if (arg.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    if (!arg.matched) {
      return add_error(peek(),
                       "unable to parse argument expression after comma");
    }
    ret.push_back(arg.value);
  }
  return ret;
}

// unary_expression
//   : postfix_expression
//   | MINUS unary_expression
//   | BANG unary_expression
Maybe<ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::unary_expression() {
  auto t = peek();
  auto source = t.source();
  if (t.IsMinus() || t.IsBang()) {
    auto name = t.to_name();

    next();  // Consume the peek

    auto op = ast::UnaryOp::kNegation;
    if (t.IsBang())
      op = ast::UnaryOp::kNot;

    auto expr = unary_expression();
    if (expr.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    if (!expr.matched)
      return add_error(peek(),
                       "unable to parse right side of " + name + " expression");

    return create<ast::UnaryOpExpression>(source, op, expr.value);
  }
  return postfix_expression();
}

// multiplicative_expr
//   :
//   | STAR unary_expression multiplicative_expr
//   | FORWARD_SLASH unary_expression multiplicative_expr
//   | MODULO unary_expression multiplicative_expr
Expect<ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::expect_multiplicative_expr(
    ast::Expression* lhs) {
  while (synchronized_) {
    auto t = peek();

    ast::BinaryOp op = ast::BinaryOp::kNone;
    if (t.IsStar())
      op = ast::BinaryOp::kMultiply;
    else if (t.IsForwardSlash())
      op = ast::BinaryOp::kDivide;
    else if (t.IsMod())
      op = ast::BinaryOp::kModulo;
    else
      return lhs;

    auto source = t.source();
    auto name = t.to_name();
    next();  // Consume the peek

    auto rhs = unary_expression();
    if (rhs.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    if (!rhs.matched) {
      return add_error(peek(),
                       "unable to parse right side of " + name + " expression");
    }

    lhs = create<ast::BinaryExpression>(source, op, lhs, rhs.value);
  }
  return Failure::kErrored;
}

// multiplicative_expression
//   : unary_expression multiplicative_expr
Maybe<ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::multiplicative_expression() {
  auto lhs = unary_expression();
  if (lhs.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (!lhs.matched)
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  return expect_multiplicative_expr(lhs.value);
}

// additive_expr
//   :
//   | PLUS multiplicative_expression additive_expr
//   | MINUS multiplicative_expression additive_expr
Expect<ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::expect_additive_expr(
    ast::Expression* lhs) {
  while (synchronized_) {
    auto t = peek();

    ast::BinaryOp op = ast::BinaryOp::kNone;
    if (t.IsPlus())
      op = ast::BinaryOp::kAdd;
    else if (t.IsMinus())
      op = ast::BinaryOp::kSubtract;
    else
      return lhs;

    auto source = t.source();
    next();  // Consume the peek

    auto rhs = multiplicative_expression();
    if (rhs.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    if (!rhs.matched)
      return add_error(peek(), "unable to parse right side of + expression");

    lhs = create<ast::BinaryExpression>(source, op, lhs, rhs.value);
  }
  return Failure::kErrored;
}

// additive_expression
//   : multiplicative_expression additive_expr
Maybe<ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::additive_expression() {
  auto lhs = multiplicative_expression();
  if (lhs.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (!lhs.matched)
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  return expect_additive_expr(lhs.value);
}

// shift_expr
//   :
//   | SHIFT_LEFT additive_expression shift_expr
//   | SHIFT_RIGHT additive_expression shift_expr
Expect<ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::expect_shift_expr(ast::Expression* lhs) {
  while (synchronized_) {
    auto t = peek();
    auto source = t.source();

    auto* name = "";
    ast::BinaryOp op = ast::BinaryOp::kNone;
    if (t.IsShiftLeft()) {
      next();  // Consume the peek
      op = ast::BinaryOp::kShiftLeft;
      name = "<<";
    } else if (t.IsShiftRight()) {
      next();  // Consume the peek
      op = ast::BinaryOp::kShiftRight;
      name = ">>";
    } else {
      return lhs;
    }

    auto rhs = additive_expression();
    if (rhs.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    if (!rhs.matched) {
      return add_error(peek(), std::string("unable to parse right side of ") +
                                   name + " expression");
    }

    return lhs = create<ast::BinaryExpression>(source, op, lhs, rhs.value);
  }
  return Failure::kErrored;
}

// shift_expression
//   : additive_expression shift_expr
Maybe<ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::shift_expression() {
  auto lhs = additive_expression();
  if (lhs.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (!lhs.matched)
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  return expect_shift_expr(lhs.value);
}

// relational_expr
//   :
//   | LESS_THAN shift_expression relational_expr
//   | GREATER_THAN shift_expression relational_expr
//   | LESS_THAN_EQUAL shift_expression relational_expr
//   | GREATER_THAN_EQUAL shift_expression relational_expr
Expect<ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::expect_relational_expr(
    ast::Expression* lhs) {
  while (synchronized_) {
    auto t = peek();
    ast::BinaryOp op = ast::BinaryOp::kNone;
    if (t.IsLessThan())
      op = ast::BinaryOp::kLessThan;
    else if (t.IsGreaterThan())
      op = ast::BinaryOp::kGreaterThan;
    else if (t.IsLessThanEqual())
      op = ast::BinaryOp::kLessThanEqual;
    else if (t.IsGreaterThanEqual())
      op = ast::BinaryOp::kGreaterThanEqual;
    else
      return lhs;

    auto source = t.source();
    auto name = t.to_name();
    next();  // Consume the peek

    auto rhs = shift_expression();
    if (rhs.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    if (!rhs.matched) {
      return add_error(peek(),
                       "unable to parse right side of " + name + " expression");
    }

    lhs = create<ast::BinaryExpression>(source, op, lhs, rhs.value);
  }
  return Failure::kErrored;
}

// relational_expression
//   : shift_expression relational_expr
Maybe<ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::relational_expression() {
  auto lhs = shift_expression();
  if (lhs.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (!lhs.matched)
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  return expect_relational_expr(lhs.value);
}

// equality_expr
//   :
//   | EQUAL_EQUAL relational_expression equality_expr
//   | NOT_EQUAL relational_expression equality_expr
Expect<ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::expect_equality_expr(
    ast::Expression* lhs) {
  while (synchronized_) {
    auto t = peek();
    ast::BinaryOp op = ast::BinaryOp::kNone;
    if (t.IsEqualEqual())
      op = ast::BinaryOp::kEqual;
    else if (t.IsNotEqual())
      op = ast::BinaryOp::kNotEqual;
    else
      return lhs;

    auto source = t.source();
    auto name = t.to_name();
    next();  // Consume the peek

    auto rhs = relational_expression();
    if (rhs.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    if (!rhs.matched) {
      return add_error(peek(),
                       "unable to parse right side of " + name + " expression");
    }

    lhs = create<ast::BinaryExpression>(source, op, lhs, rhs.value);
  }
  return Failure::kErrored;
}

// equality_expression
//   : relational_expression equality_expr
Maybe<ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::equality_expression() {
  auto lhs = relational_expression();
  if (lhs.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (!lhs.matched)
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  return expect_equality_expr(lhs.value);
}

// and_expr
//   :
//   | AND equality_expression and_expr
Expect<ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::expect_and_expr(ast::Expression* lhs) {
  while (synchronized_) {
    auto t = peek();
    if (!t.IsAnd())
      return lhs;

    auto source = t.source();
    next();  // Consume the peek

    auto rhs = equality_expression();
    if (rhs.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    if (!rhs.matched)
      return add_error(peek(), "unable to parse right side of & expression");

    lhs = create<ast::BinaryExpression>(source, ast::BinaryOp::kAnd, lhs,
                                        rhs.value);
  }
  return Failure::kErrored;
}

// and_expression
//   : equality_expression and_expr
Maybe<ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::and_expression() {
  auto lhs = equality_expression();
  if (lhs.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (!lhs.matched)
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  return expect_and_expr(lhs.value);
}

// exclusive_or_expr
//   :
//   | XOR and_expression exclusive_or_expr
Expect<ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::expect_exclusive_or_expr(
    ast::Expression* lhs) {
  while (synchronized_) {
    Source source;
    if (!match(Token::Type::kXor, &source))
      return lhs;

    auto rhs = and_expression();
    if (rhs.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    if (!rhs.matched)
      return add_error(peek(), "unable to parse right side of ^ expression");

    lhs = create<ast::BinaryExpression>(source, ast::BinaryOp::kXor, lhs,
                                        rhs.value);
  }
  return Failure::kErrored;
}

// exclusive_or_expression
//   : and_expression exclusive_or_expr
Maybe<ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::exclusive_or_expression() {
  auto lhs = and_expression();
  if (lhs.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (!lhs.matched)
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  return expect_exclusive_or_expr(lhs.value);
}

// inclusive_or_expr
//   :
//   | OR exclusive_or_expression inclusive_or_expr
Expect<ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::expect_inclusive_or_expr(
    ast::Expression* lhs) {
  while (synchronized_) {
    Source source;
    if (!match(Token::Type::kOr))
      return lhs;

    auto rhs = exclusive_or_expression();
    if (rhs.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    if (!rhs.matched)
      return add_error(peek(), "unable to parse right side of | expression");

    lhs = create<ast::BinaryExpression>(source, ast::BinaryOp::kOr, lhs,
                                        rhs.value);
  }
  return Failure::kErrored;
}

// inclusive_or_expression
//   : exclusive_or_expression inclusive_or_expr
Maybe<ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::inclusive_or_expression() {
  auto lhs = exclusive_or_expression();
  if (lhs.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (!lhs.matched)
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  return expect_inclusive_or_expr(lhs.value);
}

// logical_and_expr
//   :
//   | AND_AND inclusive_or_expression logical_and_expr
Expect<ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::expect_logical_and_expr(
    ast::Expression* lhs) {
  while (synchronized_) {
    auto t = peek();
    if (!t.IsAndAnd())
      return lhs;

    auto source = t.source();
    next();  // Consume the peek

    auto rhs = inclusive_or_expression();
    if (rhs.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    if (!rhs.matched)
      return add_error(peek(), "unable to parse right side of && expression");

    lhs = create<ast::BinaryExpression>(source, ast::BinaryOp::kLogicalAnd, lhs,
                                        rhs.value);
  }
  return Failure::kErrored;
}

// logical_and_expression
//   : inclusive_or_expression logical_and_expr
Maybe<ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::logical_and_expression() {
  auto lhs = inclusive_or_expression();
  if (lhs.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (!lhs.matched)
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  return expect_logical_and_expr(lhs.value);
}

// logical_or_expr
//   :
//   | OR_OR logical_and_expression logical_or_expr
Expect<ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::expect_logical_or_expr(
    ast::Expression* lhs) {
  while (synchronized_) {
    Source source;
    if (!match(Token::Type::kOrOr))
      return lhs;

    auto rhs = logical_and_expression();
    if (rhs.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;
    if (!rhs.matched)
      return add_error(peek(), "unable to parse right side of || expression");

    lhs = create<ast::BinaryExpression>(source, ast::BinaryOp::kLogicalOr, lhs,
                                        rhs.value);
  }
  return Failure::kErrored;
}

// logical_or_expression
//   : logical_and_expression logical_or_expr
Maybe<ast::Expression*> ParserImpl::logical_or_expression() {
  auto lhs = logical_and_expression();
  if (lhs.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (!lhs.matched)
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  return expect_logical_or_expr(lhs.value);
}

// assignment_stmt
//   : unary_expression EQUAL logical_or_expression
Maybe<ast::AssignmentStatement*> ParserImpl::assignment_stmt() {
  auto t = peek();
  auto source = t.source();

  // tint:295 - Test for `ident COLON` - this is invalid grammar, and without
  // special casing will error as "missing = for assignment", which is less
  // helpful than this error message:
  if (peek(0).IsIdentifier() && peek(1).IsColon()) {
    return add_error(peek(0).source(),
                     "expected 'var' for variable declaration");
  }

  auto lhs = unary_expression();
  if (lhs.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (!lhs.matched)
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  if (!expect("assignment", Token::Type::kEqual))
    return Failure::kErrored;

  auto rhs = logical_or_expression();
  if (rhs.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (!rhs.matched)
    return add_error(peek(), "unable to parse right side of assignment");

  return create<ast::AssignmentStatement>(source, lhs.value, rhs.value);
}

// const_literal
//   : INT_LITERAL
//   | UINT_LITERAL
//   | FLOAT_LITERAL
//   | TRUE
//   | FALSE
Maybe<ast::Literal*> ParserImpl::const_literal() {
  auto t = peek();
  if (match(Token::Type::kTrue)) {
    auto* type = builder_.create<type::Bool>();
    return create<ast::BoolLiteral>(Source{}, type, true);
  }
  if (match(Token::Type::kFalse)) {
    auto* type = builder_.create<type::Bool>();
    return create<ast::BoolLiteral>(Source{}, type, false);
  }
  if (match(Token::Type::kSintLiteral)) {
    auto* type = builder_.create<type::I32>();
    return create<ast::SintLiteral>(Source{}, type, t.to_i32());
  }
  if (match(Token::Type::kUintLiteral)) {
    auto* type = builder_.create<type::U32>();
    return create<ast::UintLiteral>(Source{}, type, t.to_u32());
  }
  if (match(Token::Type::kFloatLiteral)) {
    auto p = peek();
    if (p.IsIdentifier() && p.to_str() == "f") {
      next();  // Consume 'f'
      add_error(p.source(), "float literals must not be suffixed with 'f'");
    }
    auto* type = builder_.create<type::F32>();
    return create<ast::FloatLiteral>(Source{}, type, t.to_f32());
  }
  return Failure::kNoMatch;
}

// const_expr
//   : type_decl PAREN_LEFT (const_expr COMMA)? const_expr PAREN_RIGHT
//   | const_literal
Expect<ast::ConstructorExpression*> ParserImpl::expect_const_expr() {
  auto t = peek();

  auto source = t.source();

  auto type = type_decl();
  if (type.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (type.matched) {
    auto params = expect_paren_block("type constructor",
                                     [&]() -> Expect<ast::ExpressionList> {
                                       ast::ExpressionList list;
                                       auto param = expect_const_expr();
                                       if (param.errored)
                                         return Failure::kErrored;
                                       list.emplace_back(param.value);
                                       while (match(Token::Type::kComma)) {
                                         param = expect_const_expr();
                                         if (param.errored)
                                           return Failure::kErrored;
                                         list.emplace_back(param.value);
                                       }
                                       return list;
                                     });

    if (params.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;

    return create<ast::TypeConstructorExpression>(source, type.value,
                                                  params.value);
  }

  auto lit = const_literal();
  if (lit.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (!lit.matched)
    return add_error(peek(), "unable to parse const literal");

  return create<ast::ScalarConstructorExpression>(source, lit.value);
}

Maybe<ast::DecorationList> ParserImpl::decoration_list() {
  bool errored = false;
  bool matched = false;
  ast::DecorationList decos;

  while (synchronized_) {
    auto list = decoration_bracketed_list(decos);
    if (list.errored)
      errored = true;
    if (!list.matched)
      break;

    matched = true;
  }

  if (errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  if (!matched)
    return Failure::kNoMatch;

  return decos;
}

Maybe<bool> ParserImpl::decoration_bracketed_list(ast::DecorationList& decos) {
  const char* use = "decoration list";

  if (!match(Token::Type::kAttrLeft)) {
    return Failure::kNoMatch;
  }

  Source source;
  if (match(Token::Type::kAttrRight, &source))
    return add_error(source, "empty decoration list");

  return sync(Token::Type::kAttrRight, [&]() -> Expect<bool> {
    bool errored = false;

    while (synchronized_) {
      auto deco = expect_decoration();
      if (deco.errored)
        errored = true;
      decos.emplace_back(deco.value);

      if (match(Token::Type::kComma))
        continue;

      if (is_decoration(peek())) {
        // We have two decorations in a bracket without a separating comma.
        // e.g. [[location(1) group(2)]]
        //                    ^^^ expected comma
        expect(use, Token::Type::kComma);
        return Failure::kErrored;
      }

      break;
    }

    if (errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;

    if (!expect(use, Token::Type::kAttrRight))
      return Failure::kErrored;

    return true;
  });
}

Expect<ast::Decoration*> ParserImpl::expect_decoration() {
  auto t = peek();
  auto deco = decoration();
  if (deco.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;
  if (deco.matched)
    return deco.value;
  return add_error(t, "expected decoration");
}

Maybe<ast::Decoration*> ParserImpl::decoration() {
  using Result = Maybe<ast::Decoration*>;
  auto t = next();

  if (!t.IsIdentifier()) {
    return Failure::kNoMatch;
  }

  auto s = t.to_str();
  if (s == kAccessDecoration) {
    const char* use = "access decoration";
    return expect_paren_block(use, [&]() -> Result {
      auto val = expect_access_type();
      if (val.errored)
        return Failure::kErrored;

      return create<ast::AccessDecoration>(val.source, val.value);
    });
  }

  if (s == kLocationDecoration) {
    const char* use = "location decoration";
    return expect_paren_block(use, [&]() -> Result {
      auto val = expect_positive_sint(use);
      if (val.errored)
        return Failure::kErrored;

      return create<ast::LocationDecoration>(val.source, val.value);
    });
  }

  if (s == kBindingDecoration) {
    const char* use = "binding decoration";
    return expect_paren_block(use, [&]() -> Result {
      auto val = expect_positive_sint(use);
      if (val.errored)
        return Failure::kErrored;

      return create<ast::BindingDecoration>(val.source, val.value);
    });
  }

  if (s == kSetDecoration || s == kGroupDecoration) {
    const char* use = "group decoration";
    return expect_paren_block(use, [&]() -> Result {
      auto val = expect_positive_sint(use);
      if (val.errored)
        return Failure::kErrored;

      return create<ast::GroupDecoration>(val.source, val.value);
    });
  }

  if (s == kBuiltinDecoration) {
    return expect_paren_block("builtin decoration", [&]() -> Result {
      auto builtin = expect_builtin();
      if (builtin.errored)
        return Failure::kErrored;

      return create<ast::BuiltinDecoration>(builtin.source, builtin.value);
    });
  }

  if (s == kWorkgroupSizeDecoration) {
    return expect_paren_block("workgroup_size decoration", [&]() -> Result {
      uint32_t x;
      uint32_t y = 1;
      uint32_t z = 1;

      auto val = expect_nonzero_positive_sint("workgroup_size x parameter");
      if (val.errored)
        return Failure::kErrored;
      x = val.value;

      if (match(Token::Type::kComma)) {
        val = expect_nonzero_positive_sint("workgroup_size y parameter");
        if (val.errored)
          return Failure::kErrored;
        y = val.value;

        if (match(Token::Type::kComma)) {
          val = expect_nonzero_positive_sint("workgroup_size z parameter");
          if (val.errored)
            return Failure::kErrored;
          z = val.value;
        }
      }

      return create<ast::WorkgroupDecoration>(t.source(), x, y, z);
    });
  }

  if (s == kStageDecoration) {
    return expect_paren_block("stage decoration", [&]() -> Result {
      auto stage = expect_pipeline_stage();
      if (stage.errored)
        return Failure::kErrored;

      return create<ast::StageDecoration>(stage.source, stage.value);
    });
  }

  if (s == kBlockDecoration) {
    return create<ast::StructBlockDecoration>(t.source());
  }

  if (s == kStrideDecoration) {
    const char* use = "stride decoration";
    return expect_paren_block(use, [&]() -> Result {
      auto val = expect_nonzero_positive_sint(use);
      if (val.errored)
        return Failure::kErrored;

      return create<ast::StrideDecoration>(t.source(), val.value);
    });
  }

  if (s == kOffsetDecoration) {
    const char* use = "offset decoration";
    return expect_paren_block(use, [&]() -> Result {
      auto val = expect_positive_sint(use);
      if (val.errored)
        return Failure::kErrored;

      return create<ast::StructMemberOffsetDecoration>(t.source(), val.value);
    });
  }

  if (s == kConstantIdDecoration) {
    const char* use = "constant_id decoration";
    return expect_paren_block(use, [&]() -> Result {
      auto val = expect_positive_sint(use);
      if (val.errored)
        return Failure::kErrored;

      return create<ast::ConstantIdDecoration>(t.source(), val.value);
    });
  }

  return Failure::kNoMatch;
}

template <typename T>
std::vector<T*> ParserImpl::take_decorations(ast::DecorationList& in) {
  ast::DecorationList remaining;
  std::vector<T*> out;
  out.reserve(in.size());
  for (auto* deco : in) {
    if (auto* t = deco->As<T>()) {
      out.emplace_back(t);
    } else {
      remaining.emplace_back(deco);
    }
  }

  in = std::move(remaining);
  return out;
}

template <typename T>
Expect<std::vector<T*>> ParserImpl::cast_decorations(ast::DecorationList& in) {
  auto out = take_decorations<T>(in);

  bool ok = true;

  for (auto* deco : in) {
    std::stringstream msg;
    msg << deco->GetKind() << " decoration type cannot be used for " << T::Kind;
    add_error(deco->source(), msg.str());
    ok = false;
  }

  // clear in so that expect_decorations_consumed() doesn't error again on the
  // decorations we've already errored on.
  in.clear();

  if (!ok)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  return out;
}

bool ParserImpl::expect_decorations_consumed(const ast::DecorationList& in) {
  if (in.empty()) {
    return true;
  }
  add_error(in[0]->source(), "unexpected decorations");
  return false;
}

bool ParserImpl::match(Token::Type tok, Source* source /*= nullptr*/) {
  auto t = peek();

  if (source != nullptr)
    *source = t.source();

  if (t.Is(tok)) {
    next();
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

bool ParserImpl::expect(const std::string& use, Token::Type tok) {
  auto t = peek();
  if (t.Is(tok)) {
    next();
    synchronized_ = true;
    return true;
  }

  // Special case to split `>>` and `>=` tokens if we are looking for a `>`.
  if (tok == Token::Type::kGreaterThan &&
      (t.IsShiftRight() || t.IsGreaterThanEqual())) {
    next();

    // Push the second character to the token queue.
    auto source = t.source();
    source.range.begin.column++;
    if (t.IsShiftRight())
      token_queue_.push_front(Token(Token::Type::kGreaterThan, source));
    else if (t.IsGreaterThanEqual())
      token_queue_.push_front(Token(Token::Type::kEqual, source));

    synchronized_ = true;
    return true;
  }

  // Handle the case when `]` is expected but the actual token is `]]`.
  // For example, in `arr1[arr2[0]]`.
  if (tok == Token::Type::kBracketRight && t.IsAttrRight()) {
    next();
    auto source = t.source();
    source.range.begin.column++;
    token_queue_.push_front({Token::Type::kBracketRight, source});
    synchronized_ = true;
    return true;
  }

  std::stringstream err;
  err << "expected '" << Token::TypeToName(tok) << "'";
  if (!use.empty()) {
    err << " for " << use;
  }
  add_error(t, err.str());
  synchronized_ = false;
  return false;
}

Expect<int32_t> ParserImpl::expect_sint(const std::string& use) {
  auto t = peek();
  if (!t.IsSintLiteral())
    return add_error(t.source(), "expected signed integer literal", use);

  next();
  return {t.to_i32(), t.source()};
}

Expect<uint32_t> ParserImpl::expect_positive_sint(const std::string& use) {
  auto sint = expect_sint(use);
  if (sint.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  if (sint.value < 0)
    return add_error(sint.source, use + " must be positive");

  return {static_cast<uint32_t>(sint.value), sint.source};
}

Expect<uint32_t> ParserImpl::expect_nonzero_positive_sint(
    const std::string& use) {
  auto sint = expect_sint(use);
  if (sint.errored)
    return Failure::kErrored;

  if (sint.value <= 0)
    return add_error(sint.source, use + " must be greater than 0");

  return {static_cast<uint32_t>(sint.value), sint.source};
}

Expect<std::string> ParserImpl::expect_ident(const std::string& use) {
  auto t = peek();
  if (t.IsIdentifier()) {
    synchronized_ = true;
    next();
    return {t.to_str(), t.source()};
  }
  synchronized_ = false;
  return add_error(t.source(), "expected identifier", use);
}

template <typename F, typename T>
T ParserImpl::expect_block(Token::Type start,
                           Token::Type end,
                           const std::string& use,
                           F&& body) {
  if (!expect(use, start)) {
    return Failure::kErrored;
  }

  return sync(end, [&]() -> T {
    auto res = body();

    if (res.errored)
      return Failure::kErrored;

    if (!expect(use, end))
      return Failure::kErrored;

    return res;
  });
}

template <typename F, typename T>
T ParserImpl::expect_paren_block(const std::string& use, F&& body) {
  return expect_block(Token::Type::kParenLeft, Token::Type::kParenRight, use,
                      std::forward<F>(body));
}

template <typename F, typename T>
T ParserImpl::expect_brace_block(const std::string& use, F&& body) {
  return expect_block(Token::Type::kBraceLeft, Token::Type::kBraceRight, use,
                      std::forward<F>(body));
}

template <typename F, typename T>
T ParserImpl::expect_lt_gt_block(const std::string& use, F&& body) {
  return expect_block(Token::Type::kLessThan, Token::Type::kGreaterThan, use,
                      std::forward<F>(body));
}

template <typename F, typename T>
T ParserImpl::sync(Token::Type tok, F&& body) {
  if (sync_depth_ >= kMaxSyncDepth) {
    // We've hit a maximum parser recursive depth.
    // We can't call into body() as we might stack overflow.
    // Instead, report an error...
    add_error(peek(), "maximum parser recursive depth reached");
    // ...and try to resynchronize. If we cannot resynchronize to `tok` then
    // synchronized_ is set to false, and the parser knows that forward progress
    // is not being made.
    sync_to(tok, /* consume: */ true);
    return Failure::kErrored;
  }

  sync_tokens_.push_back(tok);

  ++sync_depth_;
  auto result = body();
  --sync_depth_;

  assert(sync_tokens_.back() == tok);
  sync_tokens_.pop_back();

  if (result.errored) {
    sync_to(tok, /* consume: */ true);
  }

  return result;
}

bool ParserImpl::sync_to(Token::Type tok, bool consume) {
  // Clear the synchronized state - gets set to true again on success.
  synchronized_ = false;

  BlockCounters counters;

  for (size_t i = 0; i < kMaxResynchronizeLookahead; i++) {
    auto t = peek(i);
    if (counters.consume(t) > 0)
      continue;  // Nested block
    if (!t.Is(tok) && !is_sync_token(t))
      continue;  // Not a synchronization point

    // Synchronization point found.

    // Skip any tokens we don't understand, bringing us to just before the
    // resync point.
    while (i-- > 0) {
      next();
    }

    // Is this synchronization token |tok|?
    if (t.Is(tok)) {
      if (consume)
        next();
      synchronized_ = true;
      return true;
    }
    break;
  }

  return false;
}

bool ParserImpl::is_sync_token(const Token& t) const {
  for (auto r : sync_tokens_) {
    if (t.Is(r))
      return true;
  }
  return false;
}

template <typename F, typename T>
T ParserImpl::without_error(F&& body) {
  silence_errors_++;
  auto result = body();
  silence_errors_--;
  return result;
}

}  // namespace wgsl
}  // namespace reader
}  // namespace tint