diff --git a/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl.cc b/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl.cc
index 4ad72ee..e4c1327 100644
--- a/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl.cc
+++ b/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl.cc
@@ -73,7 +73,11 @@
 
 namespace {
 
-const spv_target_env kTargetEnv = SPV_ENV_WEBGPU_0;
+// Input SPIR-V needs only to conform to Vulkan 1.0 requirements.
+// The combination of the SPIR-V reader and the semantics of WGSL
+// tighten up the code so that the output of the SPIR-V *writer*
+// will satisfy SPV_ENV_WEBGPU_0 validation.
+const spv_target_env kInputEnv = SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0;
 
 // A FunctionTraverser is used to compute an ordering of functions in the
 // module such that callees precede callers.
@@ -197,8 +201,7 @@
       bool_type_(ctx->type_mgr().Get(std::make_unique<ast::type::BoolType>())),
       namer_(fail_stream_),
       enum_converter_(fail_stream_),
-      tools_context_(kTargetEnv),
-      tools_(kTargetEnv) {
+      tools_context_(kInputEnv) {
   // Create a message consumer to propagate error messages from SPIRV-Tools
   // out as our own failures.
   message_consumer_ = [this](spv_message_level_t level, const char* /*source*/,
@@ -222,7 +225,7 @@
 
 bool ParserImpl::Parse() {
   // Set up use of SPIRV-Tools utilities.
-  spvtools::SpirvTools spv_tools(kTargetEnv);
+  spvtools::SpirvTools spv_tools(kInputEnv);
 
   // Error messages from SPIRV-Tools are forwarded as failures, including
   // setting |success_| to false.
@@ -232,8 +235,8 @@
     return false;
   }
 
-  // Only consider valid modules.  On failure, the message consumer
-  // will set the error status.
+  // Only consider modules valid for Vulkan 1.0.  On failure, the message
+  // consumer will set the error status.
   if (!spv_tools.Validate(spv_binary_)) {
     return false;
   }
@@ -380,7 +383,6 @@
   if (!success_) {
     return false;
   }
-  tools_.SetMessageConsumer(message_consumer_);
 
   const spv_context& context = tools_context_.CContext();
   ir_context_ = spvtools::BuildModule(context->target_env, context->consumer,
diff --git a/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl.h b/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl.h
index b235b1b..c4b717f 100644
--- a/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl.h
+++ b/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl.h
@@ -364,7 +364,6 @@
 
   // The internal representation of the SPIR-V module and its context.
   spvtools::Context tools_context_;
-  spvtools::SpirvTools tools_;
   // All the state is owned by ir_context_.
   std::unique_ptr<spvtools::opt::IRContext> ir_context_;
   // The following are borrowed pointers to the internal state of ir_context_.
diff --git a/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl_test.cc b/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl_test.cc
index fe8114a..bc80675 100644
--- a/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl_test.cc
+++ b/src/reader/spirv/parser_impl_test.cc
@@ -45,7 +45,79 @@
   EXPECT_THAT(p->error(), HasSubstr("OpTypeInt 3 0"));
 }
 
-// TODO(dneto): uint32 vec, valid SPIR-V
+TEST_F(SpvParserTest, Impl_GenericVulkanShader_SimpleMemoryModel) {
+  auto spv = test::Assemble(R"(
+  OpCapability Shader
+  OpMemoryModel Logical Simple
+  OpEntryPoint GLCompute %main "main"
+  OpExecutionMode %main LocalSize 1 1 1
+  %void = OpTypeVoid
+  %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
+  %main = OpFunction %void None %voidfn
+  %entry = OpLabel
+  OpReturn
+  OpFunctionEnd
+)");
+  auto* p = parser(spv);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(p->Parse());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(p->error().empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(SpvParserTest, Impl_GenericVulkanShader_GLSL450MemoryModel) {
+  auto spv = test::Assemble(R"(
+  OpCapability Shader
+  OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+  OpEntryPoint GLCompute %main "main"
+  OpExecutionMode %main LocalSize 1 1 1
+  %void = OpTypeVoid
+  %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
+  %main = OpFunction %void None %voidfn
+  %entry = OpLabel
+  OpReturn
+  OpFunctionEnd
+)");
+  auto* p = parser(spv);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(p->Parse());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(p->error().empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(SpvParserTest, Impl_GenericVulkanShader_VulkanMemoryModel) {
+  auto spv = test::Assemble(R"(
+  OpCapability Shader
+  OpCapability VulkanMemoryModelKHR
+  OpExtension "SPV_KHR_vulkan_memory_model"
+  OpMemoryModel Logical VulkanKHR
+  OpEntryPoint GLCompute %main "main"
+  OpExecutionMode %main LocalSize 1 1 1
+  %void = OpTypeVoid
+  %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
+  %main = OpFunction %void None %voidfn
+  %entry = OpLabel
+  OpReturn
+  OpFunctionEnd
+)");
+  auto* p = parser(spv);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(p->Parse());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(p->error().empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(SpvParserTest, Impl_OpenCLKernel_Fails) {
+  auto spv = test::Assemble(R"(
+  OpCapability Kernel
+  OpCapability Addresses
+  OpMemoryModel Physical32 OpenCL
+  OpEntryPoint Kernel %main "main"
+  %void = OpTypeVoid
+  %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
+  %main = OpFunction %void None %voidfn
+  %entry = OpLabel
+  OpReturn
+  OpFunctionEnd
+)");
+  auto* p = parser(spv);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(p->Parse());
+  EXPECT_THAT(p->error(), HasSubstr("Capability Kernel is not allowed"));
+}
 
 }  // namespace
 }  // namespace spirv