src/dawn/native/stream/Stream.h

// Copyright 2022 The Dawn & Tint Authors
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
//
// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
//    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//
// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
//    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
//    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
//
// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
//    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
//    this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
// AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
// DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
// FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
// DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
// SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
// CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
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// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

#ifdef UNSAFE_BUFFERS_BUILD
// TODO(crbug.com/40285824): Remove this and convert code to safer constructs.
#pragma allow_unsafe_buffers
#endif

#ifndef SRC_DAWN_NATIVE_STREAM_STREAM_H_
#define SRC_DAWN_NATIVE_STREAM_STREAM_H_

#include <algorithm>
#include <bitset>
#include <functional>
#include <limits>
#include <memory>
#include <optional>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

#include "absl/container/flat_hash_map.h"
#include "absl/container/flat_hash_set.h"
#include "dawn/common/Platform.h"
#include "dawn/common/TypedInteger.h"
#include "dawn/common/ityp_array.h"
#include "dawn/native/Error.h"
#include "dawn/native/stream/Sink.h"
#include "dawn/native/stream/Source.h"

namespace dawn::ityp {
template <typename Index, size_t N>
class bitset;
}  // namespace dawn::ityp

namespace dawn::native::stream {

// Base Stream template for specialization. Specializations may define static methods:
//   static void Write(Sink* s, const T& v);
//   static MaybeError Read(Source* s, T* v);
template <typename T, typename SFINAE = void>
class Stream {
  public:
    static void Write(Sink* s, const T& v);
    static MaybeError Read(Source* s, T* v);
};

// Helper to call Stream<T>::Write.
// By default, calling StreamIn will call this overload inside the stream namespace.
// Other definitons of StreamIn found by ADL may override this one.
template <typename T>
constexpr void StreamIn(Sink* s, const T& v) {
    Stream<T>::Write(s, v);
}

// Helper to call Stream<T>::Read
// By default, calling StreamOut will call this overload inside the stream namespace.
// Other definitons of StreamOut found by ADL may override this one.
template <typename T>
MaybeError StreamOut(Source* s, T* v) {
    return Stream<T>::Read(s, v);
}

// Helper to take an rvalue passed to StreamOut and forward it as a pointer.
// This makes it possible to pass output wrappers like stream::StructMembers inline.
// For example: `DAWN_TRY(StreamOut(&source, stream::StructMembers(...)));`
template <typename T>
MaybeError StreamOut(Source* s, T&& v) {
    return StreamOut(s, &v);
}

// Helper to call StreamIn on a parameter pack.
template <typename T, typename... Ts>
constexpr void StreamIn(Sink* s, const T& v, const Ts&... vs) {
    StreamIn(s, v);
    (StreamIn(s, vs), ...);
}

// Helper to call StreamOut on a parameter pack.
template <typename T, typename... Ts>
MaybeError StreamOut(Source* s, T* v, Ts*... vs) {
    DAWN_TRY(StreamOut(s, v));
    return StreamOut(s, vs...);
}

// Helper to call StreamIn on an empty parameter pack, e.g. for a DAWN_SERIALIZABLE struct with no
// member. Do nothing.
inline constexpr void StreamIn(Sink* s) {}

// Helper to call StreamOut on an empty parameter pack, e.g. for a DAWN_SERIALIZABLE struct with no
// member. Do nothing and return success.
inline MaybeError StreamOut(Source* s) {
    return {};
}

// Stream specialization for fundamental types.
template <typename T>
    requires(std::is_fundamental_v<T>)
class Stream<T> {
  public:
    static void Write(Sink* sink, const T& v) {
        auto value = std::as_bytes(std::span(&v, 1u));
        std::ranges::copy(value, sink->GetSpace(sizeof(T)).begin());
    }
    static MaybeError Read(Source* source, T* v) {
        std::span<const std::byte> ptr;
        DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(ptr, source->Read(sizeof(T)));
        std::ranges::copy(ptr, reinterpret_cast<std::byte*>(v));
        return {};
    }
};

namespace detail {
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(runtime/int) Alias "unsigned long long" type to match std::bitset to_ullong
using BitsetUllong = unsigned long long;
constexpr size_t kBitsPerUllong = 8 * sizeof(BitsetUllong);
constexpr bool BitsetSupportsToUllong(size_t N) {
    return N <= kBitsPerUllong;
}
}  // namespace detail

// Stream specialization for bitsets that are smaller than BitsetUllong.
template <size_t N>
    requires(detail::BitsetSupportsToUllong(N))
class Stream<std::bitset<N>> {
  public:
    static void Write(Sink* s, const std::bitset<N>& t) { StreamIn(s, t.to_ullong()); }
    static MaybeError Read(Source* s, std::bitset<N>* v) {
        detail::BitsetUllong value;
        DAWN_TRY(StreamOut(s, &value));
        *v = std::bitset<N>(value);
        return {};
    }
};

// Stream specialization for bitsets since using the built-in to_ullong has a size limit.
template <size_t N>
    requires(!detail::BitsetSupportsToUllong(N))
class Stream<std::bitset<N>> {
  public:
    static void Write(Sink* s, const std::bitset<N>& t) {
        // Iterate in chunks of detail::BitsetUllong.
        static std::bitset<N> mask(std::numeric_limits<detail::BitsetUllong>::max());

        std::bitset<N> bits = t;
        for (size_t offset = 0; offset < N;
             offset += detail::kBitsPerUllong, bits >>= detail::kBitsPerUllong) {
            StreamIn(s, (mask & bits).to_ullong());
        }
    }

    static MaybeError Read(Source* s, std::bitset<N>* v) {
        static_assert(N > 0);
        *v = {};

        // Iterate in chunks of detail::BitsetUllong.
        for (size_t offset = 0; offset < N;
             offset += detail::kBitsPerUllong, (*v) <<= detail::kBitsPerUllong) {
            detail::BitsetUllong ullong;
            DAWN_TRY(StreamOut(s, &ullong));
            *v |= std::bitset<N>(ullong);
        }
        return {};
    }
};

template <typename Index, size_t N>
class Stream<ityp::bitset<Index, N>> {
  public:
    static void Write(Sink* s, const ityp::bitset<Index, N>& v) { StreamIn(s, v.AsBase()); }
    static MaybeError Read(Source* s, ityp::bitset<Index, N>* v) {
        return StreamOut(s, &v->AsBase());
    }
};

// Stream specialization for enums.
template <typename T>
    requires(std::is_enum_v<T>)
class Stream<T> {
    using U = std::underlying_type_t<T>;

  public:
    static void Write(Sink* s, const T& v) { StreamIn(s, static_cast<U>(v)); }

    static MaybeError Read(Source* s, T* v) {
        U out;
        DAWN_TRY(StreamOut(s, &out));
        *v = static_cast<T>(out);
        return {};
    }
};

// Stream specialization for TypedInteger.
template <typename Tag, typename Integer>
class Stream<::dawn::detail::TypedIntegerImpl<Tag, Integer>> {
    using T = ::dawn::detail::TypedIntegerImpl<Tag, Integer>;

  public:
    static void Write(Sink* s, const T& t) { StreamIn(s, static_cast<Integer>(t)); }

    static MaybeError Read(Source* s, T* v) {
        Integer out;
        DAWN_TRY(StreamOut(s, &out));
        *v = T(out);
        return {};
    }
};

// Stream specialization for pointers. We always serialize via value, not by pointer.
// To handle nullptr scenarios, we always serialize whether the pointer was not nullptr,
// followed by the contents if applicable.
template <typename T>
    requires(std::is_pointer_v<T>)
class Stream<T> {
  public:
    static void Write(stream::Sink* sink, const T& t) {
        using Pointee = std::decay_t<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>;
        static_assert(!std::is_same_v<char, Pointee> && !std::is_same_v<wchar_t, Pointee> &&
                          !std::is_same_v<char16_t, Pointee> && !std::is_same_v<char32_t, Pointee>,
                      "C-str like type likely has ambiguous serialization. For a string, wrap with "
                      "std::string_view instead.");
        StreamIn(sink, t != nullptr);
        if (t != nullptr) {
            StreamIn(sink, *t);
        }
    }
};

// Stream specialization for unique pointers. We always serialize/deserialize via value, not by
// pointer. To handle nullptr scenarios, we always serialize whether the pointer was not nullptr,
// followed by the contents if applicable.
template <typename T>
    requires(!std::is_pointer_v<T>)
class Stream<std::unique_ptr<T>> {
  public:
    static void Write(stream::Sink* sink, const std::unique_ptr<T>& t) {
        StreamIn(sink, t != nullptr);
        if (t != nullptr) {
            StreamIn(sink, *t);
        }
    }

    static MaybeError Read(Source* source, std::unique_ptr<T>* t) {
        bool notNullptr;
        DAWN_TRY(StreamOut(source, &notNullptr));
        if (notNullptr) {
            // Avoid using copy or move constructor of T.
            std::unique_ptr<T> out = std::make_unique<T>();
            DAWN_TRY(StreamOut(source, out.get()));
            *t = std::move(out);
        } else {
            *t = nullptr;
        }
        return {};
    }
};

// Stream specialization for reference_wrapper. For serialization, unwrap it to the reference const
// T& and call Write(sink, const T&).
template <typename T>
class Stream<std::reference_wrapper<T>> {
  public:
    static void Write(stream::Sink* sink, const std::reference_wrapper<T>& t) {
        StreamIn(sink, t.get());
    }
};

// Stream specialization for std::optional
template <typename T>
class Stream<std::optional<T>> {
  public:
    static void Write(stream::Sink* sink, const std::optional<T>& t) {
        bool hasValue = t.has_value();
        StreamIn(sink, hasValue);
        if (hasValue) {
            StreamIn(sink, *t);
        }
    }
    static MaybeError Read(Source* source, std::optional<T>* t) {
        bool hasValue;
        DAWN_TRY(StreamOut(source, &hasValue));
        if (hasValue) {
            T out;
            DAWN_TRY(StreamOut(source, &out));
            *t = std::move(out);
        } else {
            t->reset();
        }
        return {};
    }
};

// Stream specialization for fixed arrays of fundamental types.
template <typename T, size_t N>
    requires(std::is_fundamental_v<T>)
class Stream<T[N]> {
  public:
    static void Write(Sink* sink, const T (&t)[N]) {
        static_assert(N > 0);
        std::ranges::copy(std::as_bytes(std::span(t)), sink->GetSpace(sizeof(T) * N).begin());
    }

    static MaybeError Read(Source* source, T (*t)[N]) {
        static_assert(N > 0);
        std::span<const std::byte> ptr;
        DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(ptr, source->Read(sizeof(T) * N));
        std::ranges::copy(ptr, std::as_writable_bytes(std::span(*t)).begin());
        return {};
    }
};

// Specialization for fixed arrays of non-fundamental types.
template <typename T, size_t N>
    requires(!std::is_fundamental_v<T>)
class Stream<T[N]> {
  public:
    static void Write(Sink* s, const T (&t)[N]) {
        static_assert(N > 0);
        for (size_t i = 0; i < N; i++) {
            StreamIn(s, t[i]);
        }
    }

    static MaybeError Read(Source* s, T (*t)[N]) {
        static_assert(N > 0);
        for (size_t i = 0; i < N; i++) {
            DAWN_TRY(StreamOut(s, &(*t)[i]));
        }
        return {};
    }
};

// Stream specialization for std::vector.
template <typename T>
class Stream<std::vector<T>> {
  public:
    static void Write(Sink* s, const std::vector<T>& v) {
        StreamIn(s, v.size());
        for (const T& it : v) {
            StreamIn(s, it);
        }
    }

    static MaybeError Read(Source* s, std::vector<T>* v) {
        using SizeT = decltype(std::declval<std::vector<T>>().size());
        SizeT size;
        DAWN_TRY(StreamOut(s, &size));
        DAWN_INVALID_IF(size >= v->max_size(),
                        "Trying to reserve a vector of size larger than max_size");
        *v = {};
        v->reserve(size);
        for (SizeT i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
            T el;
            DAWN_TRY(StreamOut(s, &el));
            v->push_back(std::move(el));
        }
        return {};
    }
};

// Stream specialization for std::array<T, Size> of fundamental types T.
template <typename T, size_t Size>
    requires(std::is_fundamental_v<T>)
class Stream<std::array<T, Size>> {
  public:
    static void Write(Sink* sink, const std::array<T, Size>& t) {
        static_assert(Size > 0);
        std::ranges::copy(std::as_bytes(std::span(t)), sink->GetSpace(sizeof(T) * Size).begin());
    }

    static MaybeError Read(Source* source, std::array<T, Size>* t) {
        static_assert(Size > 0);
        std::span<const std::byte> ptr;
        DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(ptr, source->Read(sizeof(T) * Size));
        std::ranges::copy(ptr, std::as_writable_bytes(std::span(*t)).begin());
        return {};
    }
};

// Stream specialization for std::array<T, Size> of non-fundamental types T.
template <typename T, size_t Size>
    requires(!std::is_fundamental_v<T>)
class Stream<std::array<T, Size>> {
  public:
    static void Write(Sink* s, const std::array<T, Size>& v) {
        static_assert(Size > 0);
        for (const T& it : v) {
            StreamIn(s, it);
        }
    }

    static MaybeError Read(Source* s, std::array<T, Size>* v) {
        static_assert(Size > 0);
        for (auto& el : *v) {
            DAWN_TRY(StreamOut(s, el));
        }
        return {};
    }
};

// Stream specialization for ityp::array<Index, Value, Size>.
template <typename Index, typename Value, size_t Size>
class Stream<ityp::array<Index, Value, Size>> {
  public:
    using ArrayType = ityp::array<Index, Value, Size>;

    static void Write(Sink* s, const ArrayType& v) {
        for (const Value& it : v) {
            StreamIn(s, it);
        }
    }

    static MaybeError Read(Source* s, ArrayType* v) {
        for (auto& el : *v) {
            DAWN_TRY(StreamOut(s, el));
        }
        return {};
    }
};

// Stream specialization for std::pair.
template <typename A, typename B>
class Stream<std::pair<A, B>> {
  public:
    static void Write(Sink* s, const std::pair<A, B>& v) {
        StreamIn(s, v.first);
        StreamIn(s, v.second);
    }

    static MaybeError Read(Source* s, std::pair<A, B>* v) {
        DAWN_TRY(StreamOut(s, &v->first));
        DAWN_TRY(StreamOut(s, &v->second));
        return {};
    }
};

template <typename S>
concept IsStringLike = std::is_same_v<S, std::basic_string<typename S::value_type>> &&
                       std::is_fundamental_v<typename S::value_type>;

// Stream specialization for std::basic_string types.
template <IsStringLike StringType>
class Stream<StringType> {
  public:
    static void Write(stream::Sink* sink, const StringType& s) {
        StreamIn(sink, s.length());
        if (s.length() > 0) {
            std::ranges::copy(
                std::as_bytes(std::span(s)),
                sink->GetSpace(sizeof(typename StringType::value_type) * s.length()).begin());
        }
    }
    static MaybeError Read(Source* source, StringType* s) {
        size_t length;
        DAWN_TRY(StreamOut(source, &length));
        *s = StringType();
        if (length != 0) {
            std::span<const std::byte> ptr;
            DAWN_TRY_ASSIGN(ptr, source->Read(sizeof(typename StringType::value_type) * length));
            s->resize(length);
            std::ranges::copy(ptr, std::as_writable_bytes(std::span(*s)).begin());
        }
        return {};
    }
};

template <typename S>
concept IsStringViewLike = std::is_same_v<S, std::basic_string_view<typename S::value_type>> &&
                           std::is_fundamental_v<typename S::value_type>;

// Stream specialization for std::basic_string_view types.
template <IsStringViewLike StringViewType>
class Stream<StringViewType> {
  public:
    static void Write(stream::Sink* sink, const StringViewType& s) {
        StreamIn(sink, s.length());
        if (s.length() > 0) {
            std::ranges::copy(
                std::as_bytes(std::span(s)),
                sink->GetSpace(sizeof(typename StringViewType::value_type) * s.length()).begin());
        }
    }
};

template <typename M>
concept IsMapLike = std::is_same_v<M,
                                   std::unordered_map<typename M::key_type,
                                                      typename M::mapped_type,
                                                      typename M::hasher,
                                                      typename M::key_equal,
                                                      typename M::allocator_type>> ||
                    std::is_same_v<M,
                                   absl::flat_hash_map<typename M::key_type,
                                                       typename M::mapped_type,
                                                       typename M::hasher,
                                                       typename M::key_equal,
                                                       typename M::allocator_type>>;

// Stream specialization for std::unordered_map<K, V> and absl::flat_hash_map which sorts the
// entries to provide a stable ordering.
template <IsMapLike MapType>
class Stream<MapType> {
  public:
    using ConstRefWrapper = std::reference_wrapper<const typename MapType::value_type>;
    using RefVector = std::vector<ConstRefWrapper>;
    static void Write(stream::Sink* sink, const MapType& m) {
        // Use a vector of wrapped reference for sorting to avoid copying the elements.
        RefVector refVector(m.cbegin(), m.cend());
        std::sort(refVector.begin(), refVector.end(),
                  [](const ConstRefWrapper& a, const ConstRefWrapper& b) {
                      return a.get().first < b.get().first;
                  });
        StreamIn(sink, refVector);
    }
    static MaybeError Read(Source* s, MapType* m) {
        using SizeT = decltype(std::declval<RefVector>().size());
        SizeT size;
        DAWN_TRY(StreamOut(s, &size));
        *m = {};
        m->reserve(size);
        for (SizeT i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
            std::pair<typename MapType::key_type, typename MapType::mapped_type> p;
            DAWN_TRY(StreamOut(s, &p));
            m->insert(std::move(p));
        }
        return {};
    }
};

template <typename S>
concept IsSetLike = std::is_same_v<S,
                                   std::unordered_set<typename S::key_type,
                                                      typename S::hasher,
                                                      typename S::key_equal,
                                                      typename S::allocator_type>> ||
                    std::is_same_v<S,
                                   absl::flat_hash_set<typename S::key_type,
                                                       typename S::hasher,
                                                       typename S::key_equal,
                                                       typename S::allocator_type>>;

// Stream specialization for std::unordered_set<V> and absl::flat_hash_set which sorts the entries
// to provide a stable ordering.
template <IsSetLike SetType>
class Stream<SetType> {
  public:
    using ConstRefWrapper = std::reference_wrapper<const typename SetType::value_type>;
    using RefVector = std::vector<ConstRefWrapper>;
    static void Write(stream::Sink* sink, const SetType& s) {
        // Use a vector of wrapped reference for sorting to avoid copying the elements.
        RefVector refVector(s.cbegin(), s.cend());
        std::sort(
            refVector.begin(), refVector.end(),
            [](const ConstRefWrapper& a, const ConstRefWrapper& b) { return a.get() < b.get(); });
        StreamIn(sink, refVector);
    }
    static MaybeError Read(Source* source, SetType* s) {
        using SizeT = decltype(std::declval<RefVector>().size());
        SizeT size;
        DAWN_TRY(StreamOut(source, &size));
        *s = {};
        s->reserve(size);
        for (SizeT i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
            typename SetType::key_type v;
            DAWN_TRY(StreamOut(source, &v));
            s->insert(std::move(v));
        }
        return {};
    }
};

// Stream specialization for std::variant<Types...> which read/write the type id and the typed
// value.
template <typename... Types>
class Stream<std::variant<Types...>> {
  public:
    using VariantType = std::variant<Types...>;

    static void Write(stream::Sink* sink, const VariantType& t) { WriteImpl<0, Types...>(sink, t); }

    static MaybeError Read(stream::Source* source, VariantType* t) {
        size_t typeId;
        DAWN_TRY(StreamOut(source, &typeId));
        if (typeId >= sizeof...(Types)) {
            return DAWN_VALIDATION_ERROR("Invalid variant type id");
        } else {
            return ReadImpl<0, Types...>(source, t, typeId);
        }
    }

  private:
    // WriteImpl template for trying multiple possible value types
    template <size_t N, typename TryType, typename... RemainingTypes>
    static inline void WriteImpl(stream::Sink* sink, const VariantType& t)
        requires(sizeof...(RemainingTypes) != 0)
    {
        if (std::holds_alternative<TryType>(t)) {
            // Record the type index
            StreamIn(sink, N);
            // Record the value
            StreamIn(sink, std::get<TryType>(t));
        } else {
            // Try the next type
            WriteImpl<N + 1, RemainingTypes...>(sink, t);
        }
    }
    // WriteImpl template for trying the last possible type
    template <size_t N, typename LastType>
    static inline void WriteImpl(stream::Sink* sink, const VariantType& t) {
        // Variant must hold the last possible type if no previous match.
        DAWN_ASSERT(std::holds_alternative<LastType>(t));
        // Record the type index
        StreamIn(sink, N);
        // Record the value
        StreamIn(sink, std::get<LastType>(t));
    }
    // ReadImpl template for trying multiple possible value types
    template <size_t N, typename TryType, typename... RemainingTypes>
    static inline MaybeError ReadImpl(stream::Source* source, VariantType* t, size_t typeId)
        requires(sizeof...(RemainingTypes) != 0)
    {
        if (typeId == N) {
            // Read the value
            TryType value;
            DAWN_TRY(StreamOut(source, &value));
            *t = VariantType(std::move(value));
            return {};
        } else {
            // Try the next type
            return ReadImpl<N + 1, RemainingTypes...>(source, t, typeId);
        }
    }
    // ReadImpl template for trying the last possible type
    template <size_t N, typename LastType>
    static inline MaybeError ReadImpl(stream::Source* source, VariantType* t, size_t typeId) {
        // typeId must be the id of last possible type N if not being 0..N-1, since it has been
        // validated in range 0..N
        DAWN_ASSERT(typeId == N);
        // Read the value
        LastType value;
        DAWN_TRY(StreamOut(source, &value));
        *t = VariantType(std::move(value));
        return {};
    }
};

// Helper class to contain the begin/end iterators of an iterable.
namespace detail {
template <typename Iterator>
struct Iterable {
    Iterator begin;
    Iterator end;
};
}  // namespace detail

// Helper for making detail::Iterable from a pointer and count.
template <typename T>
auto Iterable(const T* ptr, size_t count) {
    using Iterator = const T*;
    return detail::Iterable<Iterator>{ptr, ptr + count};
}

// Stream specialization for detail::Iterable which writes the number of elements,
// followed by the elements.
template <typename Iterator>
class Stream<detail::Iterable<Iterator>> {
  public:
    static void Write(stream::Sink* sink, const detail::Iterable<Iterator>& iter) {
        StreamIn(sink, std::distance(iter.begin, iter.end));
        for (auto it = iter.begin; it != iter.end; ++it) {
            StreamIn(sink, *it);
        }
    }
};

}  // namespace dawn::native::stream

#endif  // SRC_DAWN_NATIVE_STREAM_STREAM_H_