[dawn] Make spontaneous device callbacks thread safe in native also.

- Unifies the code used for a lot of the device callbacks between the
  wire client and native. Note that I am currently using dawn/common
  for convenience, but it might be better in the long run to use
  another target or something since I needed to explicitly exclude
  the helpers for WASM builds since the logging callback is currently
  native only.

Change-Id: Ia244a3dab0c9244d6a277c31d857210c9d3fc554
Reviewed-on: https://dawn-review.googlesource.com/c/dawn/+/297575
Reviewed-by: Kai Ninomiya <kainino@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Corentin Wallez <cwallez@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Loko Kung <lokokung@google.com>