[tint][utils]: Add utilities for command line flag parsing

Use this to clean up src/tint/cmd/main.cc

Change-Id: If527fb69b441b224549ac420d74f68e5edbca054
Reviewed-on: https://dawn-review.googlesource.com/c/dawn/+/134504
Commit-Queue: Ben Clayton <bclayton@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Antonio Maiorano <amaiorano@google.com>
Auto-Submit: Ben Clayton <bclayton@google.com>
Kokoro: Kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
diff --git a/src/tint/BUILD.gn b/src/tint/BUILD.gn
index 83fcbf5..ce779bc 100644
--- a/src/tint/BUILD.gn
+++ b/src/tint/BUILD.gn
@@ -237,6 +237,8 @@
     "utils/bump_allocator.h",
     "utils/castable.cc",
     "utils/castable.h",
+    "utils/cli.cc",
+    "utils/cli.h",
     "utils/compiler_macros.h",
     "utils/concat.h",
     "utils/crc32.h",
@@ -1822,6 +1824,7 @@
       "utils/block_allocator_test.cc",
       "utils/bump_allocator_test.cc",
       "utils/castable_test.cc",
+      "utils/cli_test.cc",
       "utils/crc32_test.cc",
       "utils/defer_test.cc",
       "utils/enum_set_test.cc",
diff --git a/src/tint/CMakeLists.txt b/src/tint/CMakeLists.txt
index c20c850..2ecb97a 100644
--- a/src/tint/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/tint/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -525,6 +525,8 @@
   utils/bump_allocator.h
   utils/castable.cc
   utils/castable.h
+  utils/cli.cc
+  utils/cli.h
   utils/compiler_macros.h
   utils/concat.h
   utils/crc32.h
@@ -1048,6 +1050,7 @@
     utils/bitset_test.cc
     utils/block_allocator_test.cc
     utils/bump_allocator_test.cc
+    utils/cli_test.cc
     utils/castable_test.cc
     utils/crc32_test.cc
     utils/defer_test.cc
diff --git a/src/tint/cmd/main.cc b/src/tint/cmd/main.cc
index 5d82479..ee9ab88 100644
--- a/src/tint/cmd/main.cc
+++ b/src/tint/cmd/main.cc
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@
 #include "src/tint/ast/module.h"
 #include "src/tint/cmd/generate_external_texture_bindings.h"
 #include "src/tint/cmd/helper.h"
+#include "src/tint/utils/cli.h"
+#include "src/tint/utils/defer.h"
 #include "src/tint/utils/io/command.h"
 #include "src/tint/utils/string.h"
 #include "src/tint/utils/string_stream.h"
@@ -54,6 +56,36 @@
 #include "src/tint/ir/module.h"        // nogncheck
 #endif                                 // TINT_BUILD_IR
 
+#if TINT_BUILD_SPV_WRITER
+#define SPV_WRITER_ONLY(x) x
+#else
+#define SPV_WRITER_ONLY(x)
+#endif
+
+#if TINT_BUILD_WGSL_WRITER
+#define WGSL_WRITER_ONLY(x) x
+#else
+#define WGSL_WRITER_ONLY(x)
+#endif
+
+#if TINT_BUILD_MSL_WRITER
+#define MSL_WRITER_ONLY(x) x
+#else
+#define MSL_WRITER_ONLY(x)
+#endif
+
+#if TINT_BUILD_HLSL_WRITER
+#define HLSL_WRITER_ONLY(x) x
+#else
+#define HLSL_WRITER_ONLY(x)
+#endif
+
+#if TINT_BUILD_GLSL_WRITER
+#define GLSL_WRITER_ONLY(x) x
+#else
+#define GLSL_WRITER_ONLY(x)
+#endif
+
 namespace {
 
 /// Prints the given hash value in a format string that the end-to-end test runner can parse.
@@ -73,7 +105,6 @@
 };
 
 struct Options {
-    bool show_help = false;
     bool verbose = false;
 
     std::string input_filename;
@@ -99,12 +130,12 @@
     tint::reader::spirv::Options spirv_reader_options;
 #endif
 
-    std::vector<std::string> transforms;
+    tint::utils::Vector<std::string, 4> transforms;
 
     std::string fxc_path;
     std::string dxc_path;
     std::string xcrun_path;
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, double> overrides;
+    tint::utils::Hashmap<std::string, double, 8> overrides;
     std::optional<tint::sem::BindingPoint> hlsl_root_constant_binding_point;
 
 #if TINT_BUILD_IR
@@ -114,95 +145,9 @@
 
 #if TINT_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER
     bool dump_syntax_tree = false;
-#endif  // TINB_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER
+#endif  // TINT_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER
 };
 
-const char kUsage[] = R"(Usage: tint [options] <input-file>
-
- options:
-  --format <spirv|spvasm|wgsl|msl|hlsl|none>  -- Output format.
-                               If not provided, will be inferred from output
-                               filename extension:
-                                   .spvasm -> spvasm
-                                   .spv    -> spirv
-                                   .wgsl   -> wgsl
-                                   .metal  -> msl
-                                   .hlsl   -> hlsl
-                               If none matches, then default to SPIR-V assembly.
-  -ep <name>                -- Output single entry point
-  --output-file <name>      -- Output file name.  Use "-" for standard output
-  -o <name>                 -- Output file name.  Use "-" for standard output
-  --transform <name list>   -- Runs transforms, name list is comma separated
-                               Available transforms:
-${transforms} --parse-only              -- Stop after parsing the input
-  --allow-non-uniform-derivatives  -- When using SPIR-V input, allow non-uniform derivatives by
-                               inserting a module-scope directive to suppress any uniformity
-                               violations that may be produced.
-  --disable-workgroup-init  -- Disable workgroup memory zero initialization.
-  --dump-inspector-bindings -- Dump reflection data about bindins to stdout.
-  -h                        -- This help text
-  --hlsl-root-constant-binding-point <group>,<binding>  -- Binding point for root constant.
-                               Specify the binding point for generated uniform buffer
-                               used for num_workgroups in HLSL. If not specified, then
-                               default to binding 0 of the largest used group plus 1,
-                               or group 0 if no resource bound.
-  --validate                -- Validates the generated shader with all available validators
-  --skip-hash <hash list>   -- Skips validation if the hash of the output is equal to any
-                               of the hash codes in the comma separated list of hashes
-  --print-hash              -- Emit the hash of the output program
-  --fxc                     -- Path to FXC dll, used to validate HLSL output.
-                               When specified, automatically enables HLSL validation with FXC
-  --dxc                     -- Path to DXC executable, used to validate HLSL output.
-                               When specified, automatically enables HLSL validation with DXC
-  --xcrun                   -- Path to xcrun executable, used to validate MSL output.
-                               When specified, automatically enables MSL validation
-  --overrides               -- Override values as IDENTIFIER=VALUE, comma-separated.
-  --rename-all              -- Renames all symbols.
-)";
-
-Format parse_format(const std::string& fmt) {
-    (void)fmt;
-
-#if TINT_BUILD_SPV_WRITER
-    if (fmt == "spirv") {
-        return Format::kSpirv;
-    }
-    if (fmt == "spvasm") {
-        return Format::kSpvAsm;
-    }
-#endif  // TINT_BUILD_SPV_WRITER
-
-#if TINT_BUILD_WGSL_WRITER
-    if (fmt == "wgsl") {
-        return Format::kWgsl;
-    }
-#endif  // TINT_BUILD_WGSL_WRITER
-
-#if TINT_BUILD_MSL_WRITER
-    if (fmt == "msl") {
-        return Format::kMsl;
-    }
-#endif  // TINT_BUILD_MSL_WRITER
-
-#if TINT_BUILD_HLSL_WRITER
-    if (fmt == "hlsl") {
-        return Format::kHlsl;
-    }
-#endif  // TINT_BUILD_HLSL_WRITER
-
-#if TINT_BUILD_GLSL_WRITER
-    if (fmt == "glsl") {
-        return Format::kGlsl;
-    }
-#endif  // TINT_BUILD_GLSL_WRITER
-
-    if (fmt == "none") {
-        return Format::kNone;
-    }
-
-    return Format::kUnknown;
-}
-
 /// @param filename the filename to inspect
 /// @returns the inferred format for the filename suffix
 Format infer_format(const std::string& filename) {
@@ -238,112 +183,154 @@
     return Format::kUnknown;
 }
 
-std::vector<std::string> split_on_char(std::string list, char c) {
-    std::vector<std::string> res;
+bool ParseArgs(tint::utils::VectorRef<std::string_view> arguments,
+               std::string transform_names,
+               Options* opts) {
+    using namespace tint::utils::cli;  // NOLINT(build/namespaces)
 
-    std::istringstream str(list);
-    while (str.good()) {
-        std::string substr;
-        getline(str, substr, c);
-        res.push_back(substr);
-    }
-    return res;
-}
+    tint::utils::Vector<EnumName<Format>, 8> format_enum_names{
+        EnumName(Format::kNone, "none"),
+    };
 
-std::vector<std::string> split_on_comma(std::string list) {
-    return split_on_char(list, ',');
-}
+    SPV_WRITER_ONLY(format_enum_names.Emplace(Format::kSpirv, "spirv"));
+    SPV_WRITER_ONLY(format_enum_names.Emplace(Format::kSpvAsm, "spvasm"));
+    WGSL_WRITER_ONLY(format_enum_names.Emplace(Format::kWgsl, "wgsl"));
+    MSL_WRITER_ONLY(format_enum_names.Emplace(Format::kMsl, "msl"));
+    HLSL_WRITER_ONLY(format_enum_names.Emplace(Format::kHlsl, "hlsl"));
+    GLSL_WRITER_ONLY(format_enum_names.Emplace(Format::kGlsl, "glsl"));
 
-std::vector<std::string> split_on_equal(std::string list) {
-    return split_on_char(list, '=');
-}
+    OptionSet options;
+    auto& fmt = options.Add<EnumOption<Format>>("format",
+                                                R"(Output format.
+If not provided, will be inferred from output filename extension:
+  .spvasm -> spvasm
+  .spv    -> spirv
+  .wgsl   -> wgsl
+  .metal  -> msl
+  .hlsl   -> hlsl)",
+                                                format_enum_names, ShortName{"f"});
+    TINT_DEFER(opts->format = fmt.value.value_or(Format::kUnknown));
 
-std::optional<uint64_t> parse_unsigned_number(std::string number) {
-    for (char c : number) {
-        if (!std::isdigit(c)) {
-            // Found a non-digital char, return nullopt
-            return std::nullopt;
-        }
-    }
-
-    errno = 0;
-    char* p_end;
-    uint64_t result;
-    // std::strtoull will not throw exception.
-    result = std::strtoull(number.c_str(), &p_end, 10);
-    if ((errno != 0) || (static_cast<size_t>(p_end - number.c_str()) != number.length())) {
-        // Unexpected conversion result
-        return std::nullopt;
-    }
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-bool ParseArgs(const std::vector<std::string>& args, Options* opts) {
-    for (size_t i = 1; i < args.size(); ++i) {
-        const std::string& arg = args[i];
-        if (arg == "--format") {
-            ++i;
-            if (i >= args.size()) {
-                std::cerr << "Missing value for --format argument." << std::endl;
-                return false;
-            }
-            opts->format = parse_format(args[i]);
-
-            if (opts->format == Format::kUnknown) {
-                std::cerr << "Unknown output format: " << args[i] << std::endl;
-                return false;
-            }
-        } else if (arg == "-ep") {
-            if (i + 1 >= args.size()) {
-                std::cerr << "Missing value for -ep" << std::endl;
-                return false;
-            }
-            i++;
-            opts->ep_name = args[i];
+    auto& ep = options.Add<StringOption>("entry-point", "Output single entry point",
+                                         ShortName{"ep"}, Parameter{"name"});
+    TINT_DEFER({
+        if (ep.value.has_value()) {
+            opts->ep_name = *ep.value;
             opts->emit_single_entry_point = true;
+        }
+    });
 
-        } else if (arg == "-o" || arg == "--output-name") {
-            ++i;
-            if (i >= args.size()) {
-                std::cerr << "Missing value for " << arg << std::endl;
-                return false;
-            }
-            opts->output_file = args[i];
+    auto& output = options.Add<StringOption>("output-name", "Output file name", ShortName{"o"},
+                                             Parameter{"name"});
+    TINT_DEFER(opts->output_file = output.value.value_or(""));
 
-        } else if (arg == "-h" || arg == "--help") {
-            opts->show_help = true;
-        } else if (arg == "-v" || arg == "--verbose") {
-            opts->verbose = true;
-        } else if (arg == "--transform") {
-            ++i;
-            if (i >= args.size()) {
-                std::cerr << "Missing value for " << arg << std::endl;
-                return false;
-            }
-            opts->transforms = split_on_comma(args[i]);
-        } else if (arg == "--parse-only") {
-            opts->parse_only = true;
-        } else if (arg == "--allow-non-uniform-derivatives") {
-#if TINT_BUILD_SPV_READER
-            opts->spirv_reader_options.allow_non_uniform_derivatives = true;
-#else
-            std::cerr << "Tint not built with the SPIR-V reader enabled" << std::endl;
-            return false;
-#endif
-        } else if (arg == "--disable-workgroup-init") {
-            opts->disable_workgroup_init = true;
-        } else if (arg == "--dump-inspector-bindings") {
-            opts->dump_inspector_bindings = true;
-        } else if (arg == "--validate") {
+    auto& fxc_path =
+        options.Add<StringOption>("fxc", R"(Path to FXC dll, used to validate HLSL output.
+When specified, automatically enables HLSL validation with FXC)",
+                                  Parameter{"path"});
+    TINT_DEFER(opts->fxc_path = fxc_path.value.value_or(""));
+
+    auto& dxc_path =
+        options.Add<StringOption>("dxc", R"(Path to DXC dll, used to validate HLSL output.
+When specified, automatically enables HLSL validation with DXC)",
+                                  Parameter{"path"});
+    TINT_DEFER(opts->dxc_path = dxc_path.value.value_or(""));
+
+    auto& xcrun =
+        options.Add<StringOption>("xcrun", R"(Path to xcrun executable, used to validate MSL output.
+When specified, automatically enables MSL validation)",
+                                  Parameter{"path"});
+    TINT_DEFER({
+        if (xcrun.value.has_value()) {
+            opts->xcrun_path = *xcrun.value;
             opts->validate = true;
-        } else if (arg == "--skip-hash") {
-            ++i;
-            if (i >= args.size()) {
-                std::cerr << "Missing hash value for " << arg << std::endl;
-                return false;
+        }
+    });
+
+#if TINT_BUILD_IR
+    auto& dump_ir = options.Add<BoolOption>("dump-ir", "Writes the IR to stdout", Alias{"emit-ir"},
+                                            Default{false});
+    TINT_DEFER(opts->dump_ir = *dump_ir.value);
+
+    auto& use_ir = options.Add<BoolOption>(
+        "use-ir", "Use the IR for writers and transforms when possible", Default{false});
+    TINT_DEFER(opts->use_ir = *use_ir.value);
+#endif  // TINT_BUILD_IR
+
+    auto& verbose =
+        options.Add<BoolOption>("verbose", "Verbose output", ShortName{"v"}, Default{false});
+    TINT_DEFER(opts->verbose = *verbose.value);
+
+    auto& validate = options.Add<BoolOption>(
+        "validate", "Validates the generated shader with all available validators", Default{false});
+    TINT_DEFER(opts->validate = *validate.value);
+
+    auto& parse_only =
+        options.Add<BoolOption>("parse-only", "Stop after parsing the input", Default{false});
+    TINT_DEFER(opts->parse_only = *parse_only.value);
+
+#if TINT_BUILD_SPV_READER
+    auto& allow_nud =
+        options.Add<BoolOption>("allow-non-uniform-derivatives",
+                                R"(When using SPIR-V input, allow non-uniform derivatives by
+inserting a module-scope directive to suppress any uniformity
+violations that may be produced)",
+                                Default{false});
+    TINT_DEFER({
+        if (allow_nud.value.value_or(false)) {
+            opts->spirv_reader_options.allow_non_uniform_derivatives = true;
+        }
+    });
+#endif
+
+    auto& disable_wg_init = options.Add<BoolOption>(
+        "disable-workgroup-init", "Disable workgroup memory zero initialization", Default{false});
+    TINT_DEFER(opts->disable_workgroup_init = *disable_wg_init.value);
+
+    auto& rename_all = options.Add<BoolOption>("rename-all", "Renames all symbols", Default{false});
+    TINT_DEFER(opts->rename_all = *rename_all.value);
+
+    auto& dump_inspector_bindings = options.Add<BoolOption>(
+        "dump-inspector-bindings", "Dump reflection data about bindings to stdout",
+        Alias{"emit-inspector-bindings"}, Default{false});
+    TINT_DEFER(opts->dump_inspector_bindings = *dump_inspector_bindings.value);
+
+#if TINT_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER
+    auto& dump_ast = options.Add<BoolOption>("dump-ast", "Writes the AST to stdout",
+                                             Alias{"emit-ast"}, Default{false});
+    TINT_DEFER(opts->dump_ast = *dump_ast.value);
+#endif  // TINT_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER
+
+    auto& print_hash = options.Add<BoolOption>("print-hash", "Emit the hash of the output program",
+                                               Default{false});
+    TINT_DEFER(opts->print_hash = *print_hash.value);
+
+    auto& transforms =
+        options.Add<StringOption>("transform", R"(Runs transforms, name list is comma separated
+Available transforms:
+)" + transform_names,
+                                  ShortName{"t"});
+    TINT_DEFER({
+        if (transforms.value.has_value()) {
+            for (auto transform : tint::utils::Split(*transforms.value, ",")) {
+                opts->transforms.Push(std::string(transform));
             }
-            for (auto hash : split_on_comma(args[i])) {
+        }
+    });
+
+    auto& hlsl_rc_bp = options.Add<StringOption>("hlsl-root-constant-binding-point",
+                                                 R"(Binding point for root constant.
+Specify the binding point for generated uniform buffer
+used for num_workgroups in HLSL. If not specified, then
+default to binding 0 of the largest used group plus 1,
+or group 0 if no resource bound)");
+
+    auto& skip_hash = options.Add<StringOption>(
+        "skip-hash", R"(Skips validation if the hash of the output is equal to any
+of the hash codes in the comma separated list of hashes)");
+    TINT_DEFER({
+        if (skip_hash.value.has_value()) {
+            for (auto hash : tint::utils::Split(*skip_hash.value, ",")) {
                 uint32_t value = 0;
                 int base = 10;
                 if (hash.size() > 2 && hash[0] == '0' && (hash[1] == 'x' || hash[1] == 'X')) {
@@ -353,91 +340,82 @@
                 std::from_chars(hash.data(), hash.data() + hash.size(), value, base);
                 opts->skip_hash.emplace(value);
             }
-        } else if (arg == "--print-hash") {
-            opts->print_hash = true;
-        } else if (arg == "--fxc") {
-            ++i;
-            if (i >= args.size()) {
-                std::cerr << "Missing value for " << arg << std::endl;
+        }
+    });
+
+    auto& overrides = options.Add<StringOption>(
+        "overrides", "Override values as IDENTIFIER=VALUE, comma-separated");
+
+    auto& help = options.Add<BoolOption>("help", "Show usage", ShortName{"h"});
+
+    auto show_usage = [&] {
+        std::cout << R"(Usage: tint [options] <input-file>
+
+Options:
+)";
+        options.ShowHelp(std::cout);
+    };
+
+    auto result = options.Parse(std::cerr, arguments);
+    if (!result) {
+        std::cerr << std::endl;
+        show_usage();
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (help.value.value_or(false)) {
+        show_usage();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (overrides.value.has_value()) {
+        for (const auto& o : tint::utils::Split(*overrides.value, ",")) {
+            auto parts = tint::utils::Split(o, "=");
+            if (parts.Length() != 2) {
+                std::cerr << "override values must be of the form IDENTIFIER=VALUE";
                 return false;
             }
-            opts->fxc_path = args[i];
-        } else if (arg == "--dxc") {
-            ++i;
-            if (i >= args.size()) {
-                std::cerr << "Missing value for " << arg << std::endl;
+            auto value = tint::utils::ParseNumber<double>(parts[1]);
+            if (!value) {
+                std::cerr << "invalid override value: " << parts[1];
                 return false;
             }
-            opts->dxc_path = args[i];
-#if TINT_BUILD_IR
-        } else if (arg == "--dump-ir") {
-            opts->dump_ir = true;
-        } else if (arg == "--use-ir") {
-            opts->use_ir = true;
-#endif  // TINT_BUILD_IR
-#if TINT_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER
-        } else if (arg == "--dump-ast") {
-            opts->dump_syntax_tree = true;
-#endif  // TINT_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER
-        } else if (arg == "--xcrun") {
-            ++i;
-            if (i >= args.size()) {
-                std::cerr << "Missing value for " << arg << std::endl;
-                return false;
-            }
-            opts->xcrun_path = args[i];
-            opts->validate = true;
-        } else if (arg == "--overrides") {
-            ++i;
-            if (i >= args.size()) {
-                std::cerr << "Missing value for " << arg << std::endl;
-                return false;
-            }
-            for (const auto& o : split_on_comma(args[i])) {
-                auto parts = split_on_equal(o);
-                opts->overrides.insert({parts[0], std::stod(parts[1])});
-            }
-        } else if (arg == "--rename-all") {
-            ++i;
-            opts->rename_all = true;
-        } else if (arg == "--hlsl-root-constant-binding-point") {
-            ++i;
-            if (i >= args.size()) {
-                std::cerr << "Missing value for " << arg << std::endl;
-                return false;
-            }
-            auto binding_points = split_on_comma(args[i]);
-            if (binding_points.size() != 2) {
-                std::cerr << "Invalid binding point for " << arg << ": " << args[i] << std::endl;
-                return false;
-            }
-            auto group = parse_unsigned_number(binding_points[0]);
-            if ((!group.has_value()) || (group.value() > std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max())) {
-                std::cerr << "Invalid group for " << arg << ": " << binding_points[0] << std::endl;
-                return false;
-            }
-            auto binding = parse_unsigned_number(binding_points[1]);
-            if ((!binding.has_value()) ||
-                (binding.value() > std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max())) {
-                std::cerr << "Invalid binding for " << arg << ": " << binding_points[1]
-                          << std::endl;
-                return false;
-            }
-            opts->hlsl_root_constant_binding_point = tint::sem::BindingPoint{
-                static_cast<uint32_t>(group.value()), static_cast<uint32_t>(binding.value())};
-        } else if (!arg.empty()) {
-            if (arg[0] == '-') {
-                std::cerr << "Unrecognized option: " << arg << std::endl;
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (!opts->input_filename.empty()) {
-                std::cerr << "More than one input file specified: '" << opts->input_filename
-                          << "' and '" << arg << "'" << std::endl;
-                return false;
-            }
-            opts->input_filename = arg;
+            opts->overrides.Add(std::string(parts[0]), value.Get());
         }
     }
+
+    if (hlsl_rc_bp.value.has_value()) {
+        auto binding_points = tint::utils::Split(*hlsl_rc_bp.value, ",");
+        if (binding_points.Length() != 2) {
+            std::cerr << "Invalid binding point for " << hlsl_rc_bp.name << ": "
+                      << *hlsl_rc_bp.value << std::endl;
+            return false;
+        }
+        auto group = tint::utils::ParseUint32(binding_points[0]);
+        if (!group) {
+            std::cerr << "Invalid group for " << hlsl_rc_bp.name << ": " << binding_points[0]
+                      << std::endl;
+            return false;
+        }
+        auto binding = tint::utils::ParseUint32(binding_points[1]);
+        if (!binding) {
+            std::cerr << "Invalid binding for " << hlsl_rc_bp.name << ": " << binding_points[1]
+                      << std::endl;
+            return false;
+        }
+        opts->hlsl_root_constant_binding_point =
+            tint::sem::BindingPoint{group.Get(), binding.Get()};
+    }
+
+    auto files = result.Get();
+    if (files.Length() > 1) {
+        std::cerr << "More than one input file specified: "
+                  << tint::utils::Join(Transform(files, tint::utils::Quote), ", ") << std::endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (files.Length() == 1) {
+        opts->input_filename = files[0];
+    }
+
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -677,7 +655,7 @@
         const char* default_xcrun_exe = "xcrun";
 #endif
         auto xcrun = tint::utils::Command::LookPath(
-            options.xcrun_path.empty() ? default_xcrun_exe : options.xcrun_path);
+            options.xcrun_path.empty() ? default_xcrun_exe : std::string(options.xcrun_path));
         if (xcrun.Found()) {
             res = tint::val::Msl(xcrun.Path(), result.msl);
         } else {
@@ -738,8 +716,8 @@
         tint::val::Result dxc_res;
         bool dxc_found = false;
         if (options.validate || must_validate_dxc) {
-            auto dxc =
-                tint::utils::Command::LookPath(options.dxc_path.empty() ? "dxc" : options.dxc_path);
+            auto dxc = tint::utils::Command::LookPath(
+                options.dxc_path.empty() ? "dxc" : std::string(options.dxc_path));
             if (dxc.Found()) {
                 dxc_found = true;
 
@@ -757,8 +735,8 @@
             } else if (must_validate_dxc) {
                 // DXC was explicitly requested. Error if it could not be found.
                 dxc_res.failed = true;
-                dxc_res.output =
-                    "DXC executable '" + options.dxc_path + "' not found. Cannot validate";
+                dxc_res.output = "DXC executable '" + std::string(options.dxc_path) +
+                                 "' not found. Cannot validate";
             }
         }
 
@@ -766,7 +744,7 @@
         bool fxc_found = false;
         if (options.validate || must_validate_fxc) {
             auto fxc = tint::utils::Command::LookPath(
-                options.fxc_path.empty() ? tint::val::kFxcDLLName : options.fxc_path);
+                options.fxc_path.empty() ? tint::val::kFxcDLLName : std::string(options.fxc_path));
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
             if (fxc.Found()) {
@@ -913,7 +891,14 @@
 }  // namespace
 
 int main(int argc, const char** argv) {
-    std::vector<std::string> args(argv, argv + argc);
+    tint::utils::Vector<std::string_view, 8> arguments;
+    for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+        std::string_view arg(argv[i]);
+        if (!arg.empty()) {
+            arguments.Push(argv[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
     Options options;
 
     tint::SetInternalCompilerErrorReporter(&tint::cmd::TintInternalCompilerErrorReporter);
@@ -928,11 +913,6 @@
     };
 #endif  // TINT_BUILD_WGSL_WRITER
 
-    if (!ParseArgs(args, &options)) {
-        std::cerr << "Failed to parse arguments." << std::endl;
-        return 1;
-    }
-
     struct TransformFactory {
         const char* name;
         /// Build and adds the transform to the transform manager.
@@ -970,22 +950,23 @@
              tint::ast::transform::SubstituteOverride::Config cfg;
 
              std::unordered_map<tint::OverrideId, double> values;
-             values.reserve(options.overrides.size());
+             values.reserve(options.overrides.Count());
 
-             for (const auto& [name, value] : options.overrides) {
+             for (auto override : options.overrides) {
+                 const auto& name = override.key;
+                 const auto& value = override.value;
                  if (name.empty()) {
-                     std::cerr << "empty override name";
+                     std::cerr << "empty override name" << std::endl;
                      return false;
                  }
-                 if (isdigit(name[0])) {
-                     tint::OverrideId id{
-                         static_cast<decltype(tint::OverrideId::value)>(atoi(name.c_str()))};
+                 if (auto num = tint::utils::ParseNumber<decltype(tint::OverrideId::value)>(name)) {
+                     tint::OverrideId id{num.Get()};
                      values.emplace(id, value);
                  } else {
                      auto override_names = inspector.GetNamedOverrideIds();
                      auto it = override_names.find(name);
                      if (it == override_names.end()) {
-                         std::cerr << "unknown override '" << name << "'";
+                         std::cerr << "unknown override '" << name << "'" << std::endl;
                          return false;
                      }
                      values.emplace(it->second, value);
@@ -1007,20 +988,8 @@
         return names.str();
     };
 
-    if (options.show_help) {
-        std::string usage = tint::utils::ReplaceAll(kUsage, "${transforms}", transform_names());
-#if TINT_BUILD_IR
-        usage +=
-            "  --dump-ir                 -- Writes the IR to stdout\n"
-            "  --dump-ir-graph           -- Writes the IR graph to 'tint.dot' as a dot graph\n"
-            "  --use-ir                  -- Use the IR for writers and transforms when possible\n";
-#endif  // TINT_BUILD_IR
-#if TINT_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER
-        usage += "  --dump-ast                -- Writes the AST to stdout\n";
-#endif  // TINT_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER
-
-        std::cout << usage << std::endl;
-        return 0;
+    if (!ParseArgs(arguments, transform_names(), &options)) {
+        return 1;
     }
 
     // Implement output format defaults.
@@ -1138,12 +1107,12 @@
         }
 
         std::cerr << "Unknown transform: " << name << std::endl;
-        std::cerr << "Available transforms: " << std::endl << transform_names();
+        std::cerr << "Available transforms: " << std::endl << transform_names() << std::endl;
         return false;
     };
 
     // If overrides are provided, add the SubstituteOverride transform.
-    if (!options.overrides.empty()) {
+    if (!options.overrides.IsEmpty()) {
         if (!enable_transform("substitute_override")) {
             return 1;
         }
diff --git a/src/tint/utils/cli.cc b/src/tint/utils/cli.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d3fd52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tint/utils/cli.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Tint Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "src/tint/utils/cli.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "src/tint/utils/hashset.h"
+#include "src/tint/utils/string.h"
+#include "src/tint/utils/transform.h"
+
+namespace tint::utils::cli {
+
+Option::~Option() = default;
+
+void OptionSet::ShowHelp(std::ostream& s_out) {
+    utils::Vector<const Option*, 32> sorted_options;
+    for (auto* opt : options.Objects()) {
+        sorted_options.Push(opt);
+    }
+    sorted_options.Sort([](const Option* a, const Option* b) { return a->Name() < b->Name(); });
+
+    struct CmdInfo {
+        std::string left;
+        std::string right;
+    };
+    utils::Vector<CmdInfo, 64> cmd_infos;
+
+    for (auto* opt : sorted_options) {
+        {
+            std::stringstream left, right;
+            left << "--" << opt->Name();
+            if (auto param = opt->Parameter(); !param.empty()) {
+                left << " <" << param << ">";
+            }
+            right << opt->Description();
+            if (auto def = opt->DefaultValue(); !def.empty()) {
+                right << "\ndefault: " << def;
+            }
+            cmd_infos.Push({left.str(), right.str()});
+        }
+        if (auto alias = opt->Alias(); !alias.empty()) {
+            std::stringstream left, right;
+            left << "--" << alias;
+            right << "alias for --" << opt->Name();
+            cmd_infos.Push({left.str(), right.str()});
+        }
+        if (auto sn = opt->ShortName(); !sn.empty()) {
+            std::stringstream left, right;
+            left << " -" << sn;
+            right << "short name for --" << opt->Name();
+            cmd_infos.Push({left.str(), right.str()});
+        }
+    }
+
+    const size_t kMaxRightOffset = 30;
+
+    // Measure
+    size_t left_width = 0;
+    for (auto& cmd_info : cmd_infos) {
+        for (auto line : utils::Split(cmd_info.left, "\n")) {
+            if (line.length() < kMaxRightOffset) {
+                left_width = std::max(left_width, line.length());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Print
+    left_width = std::min(left_width, kMaxRightOffset);
+
+    auto pad = [&](size_t n) {
+        while (n--) {
+            s_out << " ";
+        }
+    };
+
+    for (auto& cmd_info : cmd_infos) {
+        auto left_lines = utils::Split(cmd_info.left, "\n");
+        auto right_lines = utils::Split(cmd_info.right, "\n");
+
+        size_t num_lines = std::max(left_lines.Length(), right_lines.Length());
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < num_lines; i++) {
+            bool has_left = (i < left_lines.Length()) && !left_lines[i].empty();
+            bool has_right = (i < right_lines.Length()) && !right_lines[i].empty();
+            if (has_left) {
+                s_out << left_lines[i];
+                if (has_right) {
+                    if (left_lines[i].length() > left_width) {
+                        // Left exceeds column width.
+                        // Insert a new line and indent to the right
+                        s_out << std::endl;
+                        pad(left_width);
+                    } else {
+                        pad(left_width - left_lines[i].length());
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if (has_right) {
+                pad(left_width);
+            }
+            if (has_right) {
+                s_out << "  " << right_lines[i];
+            }
+            s_out << std::endl;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+Result<OptionSet::Unconsumed> OptionSet::Parse(std::ostream& s_err,
+                                               utils::VectorRef<std::string_view> arguments_raw) {
+    // Build a map of name to option, and set defaults
+    utils::Hashmap<std::string, Option*, 32> options_by_name;
+    for (auto* opt : options.Objects()) {
+        opt->SetDefault();
+        for (auto name : {opt->Name(), opt->Alias(), opt->ShortName()}) {
+            if (!name.empty() && !options_by_name.Add(name, opt)) {
+                s_err << "multiple options with name '" << name << "'" << std::endl;
+                return Failure;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Canonicalize arguments by splitting '--foo=x' into '--foo' 'x'.
+    std::deque<std::string_view> arguments;
+    for (auto arg : arguments_raw) {
+        if (HasPrefix(arg, "-")) {
+            if (auto eq_idx = arg.find("="); eq_idx != std::string_view::npos) {
+                arguments.push_back(arg.substr(0, eq_idx));
+                arguments.push_back(arg.substr(eq_idx + 1));
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+        arguments.push_back(arg);
+    }
+
+    utils::Hashset<Option*, 8> options_parsed;
+
+    Unconsumed unconsumed;
+    while (!arguments.empty()) {
+        auto arg = std::move(arguments.front());
+        arguments.pop_front();
+        auto name = TrimLeft(arg, [](char c) { return c == '-'; });
+        if (arg == name || name.length() == 0) {
+            unconsumed.Push(arg);
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (auto opt = options_by_name.Find(name)) {
+            if (auto err = (*opt)->Parse(arguments); !err.empty()) {
+                s_err << err << std::endl;
+                return Failure;
+            }
+        } else {
+            s_err << "unknown flag: " << arg << std::endl;
+            auto names = options_by_name.Keys();
+            auto alternatives =
+                Transform(names, [&](const std::string& s) { return std::string_view(s); });
+            utils::StringStream ss;
+            utils::SuggestAlternativeOptions opts;
+            opts.prefix = "--";
+            opts.list_possible_values = false;
+            SuggestAlternatives(arg, alternatives.Slice(), ss, opts);
+            s_err << ss.str();
+            return Failure;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return unconsumed;
+}
+
+}  // namespace tint::utils::cli
diff --git a/src/tint/utils/cli.h b/src/tint/utils/cli.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1c3030
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tint/utils/cli.h
@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Tint Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef SRC_TINT_UTILS_CLI_H_
+#define SRC_TINT_UTILS_CLI_H_
+
+#include <deque>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "src/tint/utils/block_allocator.h"
+#include "src/tint/utils/compiler_macros.h"
+#include "src/tint/utils/parse_num.h"
+#include "src/tint/utils/result.h"
+#include "src/tint/utils/string.h"
+#include "src/tint/utils/vector.h"
+
+namespace tint::utils::cli {
+
+/// Alias is a fluent-constructor helper for Options
+struct Alias {
+    /// The alias to apply to an Option
+    std::string value;
+
+    /// @param option the option to apply the alias to
+    template <typename T>
+    void Apply(T& option) {
+        option.alias = value;
+    }
+};
+
+/// ShortName is a fluent-constructor helper for Options
+struct ShortName {
+    /// The short-name to apply to an Option
+    std::string value;
+
+    /// @param option the option to apply the short name to
+    template <typename T>
+    void Apply(T& option) {
+        option.short_name = value;
+    }
+};
+
+/// Parameter is a fluent-constructor helper for Options
+struct Parameter {
+    /// The parameter name to apply to an Option
+    std::string value;
+
+    /// @param option the option to apply the parameter name to
+    template <typename T>
+    void Apply(T& option) {
+        option.parameter = value;
+    }
+};
+
+/// Default is a fluent-constructor helper for Options
+template <typename T>
+struct Default {
+    /// The default value to apply to an Option
+    T value;
+
+    /// @param option the option to apply the default value to
+    template <typename O>
+    void Apply(O& option) {
+        option.default_value = value;
+    }
+};
+
+/// Deduction guide for Default
+template <typename T>
+Default(T) -> Default<T>;
+
+/// Option is the base class for all command line options
+class Option {
+  public:
+    /// An alias to std::string, used to hold error messages.
+    using Error = std::string;
+
+    /// Destructor
+    virtual ~Option();
+
+    /// @return the name of the option, without any leading hyphens.
+    /// Example: 'help'
+    virtual std::string Name() const = 0;
+
+    /// @return the alias name of the option, without any leading hyphens. (optional)
+    /// Example: 'flag'
+    virtual std::string Alias() const = 0;
+
+    /// @return the shorter name of the option, without any leading hyphens. (optional)
+    /// Example: 'h'
+    virtual std::string ShortName() const = 0;
+
+    /// @return a string describing the parameter that the option expects.
+    /// Empty represents no expected parameter.
+    virtual std::string Parameter() const = 0;
+
+    /// @return a description of the option.
+    /// Example: 'shows this message'
+    virtual std::string Description() const = 0;
+
+    /// @return the default value of the option, or an empty string if there is no default value.
+    virtual std::string DefaultValue() const = 0;
+
+    /// Sets the option value to the default (called before arguments are parsed)
+    virtual void SetDefault() = 0;
+
+    /// Parses the option's arguments from the list of command line arguments, removing the consumed
+    /// arguments before returning. @p arguments will have already had the option's name consumed
+    /// before calling.
+    /// @param arguments the queue of unprocessed arguments. Parse() may take from the front of @p
+    /// arguments.
+    /// @return empty Error if successfully parsed, otherwise an error string.
+    virtual Error Parse(std::deque<std::string_view>& arguments) = 0;
+
+  protected:
+    /// An empty string, used to represent no-error.
+    static constexpr const char* Success = "";
+
+    /// @param expected the expected value(s) for the option
+    /// @return an Error message for a missing argument
+    Error ErrMissingArgument(std::string expected) const {
+        Error err = "missing value for option '--" + Name() + "'";
+        if (!expected.empty()) {
+            err += "Expected: " + expected;
+        }
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    /// @param got the argument value provided
+    /// @param reason the reason the argument is invalid (optional)
+    /// @return an Error message for an invalid argument
+    Error ErrInvalidArgument(std::string_view got, std::string reason) const {
+        Error err = "invalid value '" + std::string(got) + "' for option '--" + Name() + "'";
+        if (!reason.empty()) {
+            err += "\n" + reason;
+        }
+        return err;
+    }
+};
+
+/// OptionSet is a set of Options, which can parse the command line arguments.
+class OptionSet {
+  public:
+    /// Unconsumed is a list of unconsumed command line arguments
+    using Unconsumed = utils::Vector<std::string_view, 8>;
+
+    /// Constructs and returns a new Option to be owned by the OptionSet
+    /// @tparam T the Option type
+    /// @tparam ARGS the constructor argument types
+    /// @param args the constructor arguments
+    /// @return the constructed Option
+    template <typename T, typename... ARGS>
+    T& Add(ARGS&&... args) {
+        return *options.Create<T>(std::forward<ARGS>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    /// Prints to @p out the description of all the command line options.
+    /// @param out the output stream
+    void ShowHelp(std::ostream& out);
+
+    /// Parses all the options in @p options.
+    /// @param err the error stream
+    /// @param arguments the command line arguments, excluding the initial executable name
+    /// @return a Result holding a list of arguments that were not consumed as options
+    Result<Unconsumed> Parse(std::ostream& err, utils::VectorRef<std::string_view> arguments);
+
+  private:
+    /// The list of options to parse
+    utils::BlockAllocator<Option, 1024> options;
+};
+
+/// ValueOption is an option that accepts a single value
+template <typename T>
+class ValueOption : public Option {
+    static constexpr bool is_bool = std::is_same_v<T, bool>;
+    static constexpr bool is_number =
+        !is_bool && (std::is_integral_v<T> || std::is_floating_point_v<T>);
+    static constexpr bool is_string = std::is_same_v<T, std::string>;
+    static_assert(is_bool || is_number || is_string, "unsupported data type");
+
+  public:
+    /// The name of the option, without any leading hyphens.
+    std::string name;
+    /// The alias name of the option, without any leading hyphens.
+    std::string alias;
+    /// The shorter name of the option, without any leading hyphens.
+    std::string short_name;
+    /// A description of the option.
+    std::string description;
+    /// The default value.
+    std::optional<T> default_value;
+    /// The option value. Populated with Parse().
+    std::optional<T> value;
+    /// A string describing the name of the option's value.
+    std::string parameter = "value";
+
+    /// Constructor
+    ValueOption() = default;
+
+    /// Constructor
+    /// @param option_name the option name
+    /// @param option_description the option description
+    /// @param settings a number of fluent-constructor values that configure the option
+    /// @see ShortName, Parameter, Default
+    template <typename... SETTINGS>
+    ValueOption(std::string option_name, std::string option_description, SETTINGS&&... settings)
+        : name(std::move(option_name)), description(std::move(option_description)) {
+        (settings.Apply(*this), ...);
+    }
+
+    std::string Name() const override { return name; }
+
+    std::string Alias() const override { return alias; }
+
+    std::string ShortName() const override { return short_name; }
+
+    std::string Parameter() const override { return parameter; }
+
+    std::string Description() const override { return description; }
+
+    std::string DefaultValue() const override {
+        return default_value.has_value() ? ToString(*default_value) : "";
+    }
+
+    void SetDefault() override { value = default_value; }
+
+    Error Parse(std::deque<std::string_view>& arguments) override {
+        TINT_BEGIN_DISABLE_WARNING(UNREACHABLE_CODE);
+
+        if (arguments.empty()) {
+            if constexpr (is_bool) {
+                // Treat as flag (--blah)
+                value = true;
+                return Success;
+            } else {
+                return ErrMissingArgument(parameter);
+            }
+        }
+
+        auto arg = arguments.front();
+
+        if constexpr (is_number) {
+            auto result = ParseNumber<T>(arg);
+            if (result) {
+                value = result.Get();
+                arguments.pop_front();
+                return Success;
+            }
+            if (result.Failure() == ParseNumberError::kResultOutOfRange) {
+                return ErrInvalidArgument(arg, "value out of range");
+            }
+            return ErrInvalidArgument(arg, "failed to parse value");
+        } else if constexpr (is_string) {
+            value = arg;
+            arguments.pop_front();
+            return Success;
+        } else if constexpr (is_bool) {
+            if (arg == "true") {
+                value = true;
+                arguments.pop_front();
+                return Success;
+            }
+            if (arg == "false") {
+                value = false;
+                arguments.pop_front();
+                return Success;
+            }
+            // Next argument is assumed to be another option, or unconsumed argument.
+            // Treat as flag (--blah)
+            value = true;
+            return Success;
+        }
+
+        TINT_END_DISABLE_WARNING(UNREACHABLE_CODE);
+    }
+};
+
+/// BoolOption is an alias to ValueOption<bool>
+using BoolOption = ValueOption<bool>;
+
+/// StringOption is an alias to ValueOption<std::string>
+using StringOption = ValueOption<std::string>;
+
+/// EnumName is a pair of enum value and name.
+/// @tparam ENUM the enum type
+template <typename ENUM>
+struct EnumName {
+    /// Constructor
+    EnumName() = default;
+
+    /// Constructor
+    /// @param v the enum value
+    /// @param n the name of the enum value
+    EnumName(ENUM v, std::string n) : value(v), name(std::move(n)) {}
+
+    /// the enum value
+    ENUM value;
+    /// the name of the enum value
+    std::string name;
+};
+
+/// Deduction guide for EnumName
+template <typename ENUM>
+EnumName(ENUM, std::string) -> EnumName<ENUM>;
+
+/// EnumOption is an option that accepts an enumerator of values
+template <typename ENUM>
+class EnumOption : public Option {
+  public:
+    /// The name of the option, without any leading hyphens.
+    std::string name;
+    /// The alias name of the option, without any leading hyphens.
+    std::string alias;
+    /// The shorter name of the option, without any leading hyphens.
+    std::string short_name;
+    /// A description of the option.
+    std::string description;
+    /// The enum options as a pair of enum value to name
+    utils::Vector<EnumName<ENUM>, 8> enum_names;
+    /// The default value.
+    std::optional<ENUM> default_value;
+    /// The option value. Populated with Parse().
+    std::optional<ENUM> value;
+
+    /// Constructor
+    EnumOption() = default;
+
+    /// Constructor
+    /// @param option_name the option name
+    /// @param option_description the option description
+    /// @param names The enum options as a pair of enum value to name
+    /// @param settings a number of fluent-constructor values that configure the option
+    /// @see ShortName, Parameter, Default
+    template <typename... SETTINGS>
+    EnumOption(std::string option_name,
+               std::string option_description,
+               utils::VectorRef<EnumName<ENUM>> names,
+               SETTINGS&&... settings)
+        : name(std::move(option_name)),
+          description(std::move(option_description)),
+          enum_names(std::move(names)) {
+        (settings.Apply(*this), ...);
+    }
+
+    std::string Name() const override { return name; }
+
+    std::string ShortName() const override { return short_name; }
+
+    std::string Alias() const override { return alias; }
+
+    std::string Parameter() const override { return PossibleValues("|"); }
+
+    std::string Description() const override { return description; }
+
+    std::string DefaultValue() const override {
+        for (auto& enum_name : enum_names) {
+            if (enum_name.value == default_value) {
+                return enum_name.name;
+            }
+        }
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    void SetDefault() override { value = default_value; }
+
+    Error Parse(std::deque<std::string_view>& arguments) override {
+        if (arguments.empty()) {
+            return ErrMissingArgument("one of: " + PossibleValues(", "));
+        }
+        auto& arg = arguments.front();
+        for (auto& enum_name : enum_names) {
+            if (enum_name.name == arg) {
+                value = enum_name.value;
+                arguments.pop_front();
+                return Success;
+            }
+        }
+        return ErrInvalidArgument(arg, "Must be one of: " + PossibleValues(", "));
+    }
+
+    /// @param delimiter the delimiter between each enum option
+    /// @returns the accepted enum names delimited with @p delimiter
+    std::string PossibleValues(std::string delimiter) const {
+        std::string out;
+        for (auto& enum_name : enum_names) {
+            if (!out.empty()) {
+                out += delimiter;
+            }
+            out += enum_name.name;
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+};
+
+}  // namespace tint::utils::cli
+
+#endif  // SRC_TINT_UTILS_CLI_H_
diff --git a/src/tint/utils/cli_test.cc b/src/tint/utils/cli_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cabbf14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tint/utils/cli_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Tint Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "src/tint/utils/cli.h"
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "src/tint/utils/string.h"
+
+#include "src/tint/utils/transform.h"  // Used by ToStringList()
+
+namespace tint::utils::cli {
+namespace {
+
+// Workaround for https://github.com/google/googletest/issues/3081
+// Remove when using C++20
+template <size_t N>
+utils::Vector<std::string, N> ToStringList(const utils::Vector<std::string_view, N>& views) {
+    return Transform(views, [](std::string_view view) { return std::string(view); });
+}
+
+using CLITest = testing::Test;
+
+TEST_F(CLITest, ShowHelp_ValueWithParameter) {
+    OptionSet opts;
+    opts.Add<ValueOption<int>>("my_option", "sets the awesome value");
+
+    std::stringstream out;
+    out << std::endl;
+    opts.ShowHelp(out);
+    EXPECT_EQ(out.str(), R"(
+--my_option <value>  sets the awesome value
+)");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CLITest, ShowHelp_ValueWithAlias) {
+    OptionSet opts;
+    opts.Add<ValueOption<int>>("my_option", "sets the awesome value", Alias{"alias"});
+
+    std::stringstream out;
+    out << std::endl;
+    opts.ShowHelp(out);
+    EXPECT_EQ(out.str(), R"(
+--my_option <value>  sets the awesome value
+--alias              alias for --my_option
+)");
+}
+TEST_F(CLITest, ShowHelp_ValueWithShortName) {
+    OptionSet opts;
+    opts.Add<ValueOption<int>>("my_option", "sets the awesome value", ShortName{"a"});
+
+    std::stringstream out;
+    out << std::endl;
+    opts.ShowHelp(out);
+    EXPECT_EQ(out.str(), R"(
+--my_option <value>  sets the awesome value
+ -a                  short name for --my_option
+)");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CLITest, ShowHelp_MultilineDesc) {
+    OptionSet opts;
+    opts.Add<ValueOption<int>>("an-option", R"(this is a
+multi-line description
+for an option
+)");
+
+    std::stringstream out;
+    out << std::endl;
+    opts.ShowHelp(out);
+    EXPECT_EQ(out.str(), R"(
+--an-option <value>  this is a
+                     multi-line description
+                     for an option
+
+)");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CLITest, ShowHelp_LongName) {
+    OptionSet opts;
+    opts.Add<ValueOption<int>>("an-option-with-a-really-really-long-name",
+                               "this is an option that has a silly long name", ShortName{"a"});
+
+    std::stringstream out;
+    out << std::endl;
+    opts.ShowHelp(out);
+    EXPECT_EQ(out.str(), R"(
+--an-option-with-a-really-really-long-name <value>
+     this is an option that has a silly long name
+ -a  short name for --an-option-with-a-really-really-long-name
+)");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CLITest, ShowHelp_EnumValue) {
+    enum class E { X, Y, Z };
+
+    OptionSet opts;
+    opts.Add<EnumOption<E>>("my_enum_option", "sets the awesome value",
+                            utils::Vector{
+                                EnumName(E::X, "X"),
+                                EnumName(E::Y, "Y"),
+                                EnumName(E::Z, "Z"),
+                            });
+
+    std::stringstream out;
+    out << std::endl;
+    opts.ShowHelp(out);
+    EXPECT_EQ(out.str(), R"(
+--my_enum_option <X|Y|Z>  sets the awesome value
+)");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CLITest, ShowHelp_MixedValues) {
+    enum class E { X, Y, Z };
+
+    OptionSet opts;
+
+    opts.Add<ValueOption<int>>("option-a", "an integer");
+    opts.Add<BoolOption>("option-b", "a boolean");
+    opts.Add<EnumOption<E>>("option-c", "sets the awesome value",
+                            utils::Vector{
+                                EnumName(E::X, "X"),
+                                EnumName(E::Y, "Y"),
+                                EnumName(E::Z, "Z"),
+                            });
+
+    std::stringstream out;
+    out << std::endl;
+    opts.ShowHelp(out);
+    EXPECT_EQ(out.str(), R"(
+--option-a <value>  an integer
+--option-b <value>  a boolean
+--option-c <X|Y|Z>  sets the awesome value
+)");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CLITest, ParseBool_Flag) {
+    OptionSet opts;
+    auto& opt = opts.Add<BoolOption>("my_option", "a boolean value");
+
+    std::stringstream err;
+    auto res = opts.Parse(err, Split("--my_option unconsumed", " "));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(res) << err.str();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(err.str().empty());
+    EXPECT_THAT(ToStringList(res.Get()), testing::ElementsAre("unconsumed"));
+    EXPECT_EQ(opt.value, true);
+}
+
+TEST_F(CLITest, ParseBool_ExplicitTrue) {
+    OptionSet opts;
+    auto& opt = opts.Add<BoolOption>("my_option", "a boolean value");
+
+    std::stringstream err;
+    auto res = opts.Parse(err, Split("--my_option true", " "));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(res) << err.str();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(err.str().empty());
+    EXPECT_THAT(ToStringList(res.Get()), testing::ElementsAre());
+    EXPECT_EQ(opt.value, true);
+}
+
+TEST_F(CLITest, ParseBool_ExplicitFalse) {
+    OptionSet opts;
+    auto& opt = opts.Add<BoolOption>("my_option", "a boolean value", Default{true});
+
+    std::stringstream err;
+    auto res = opts.Parse(err, Split("--my_option false", " "));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(res) << err.str();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(err.str().empty());
+    EXPECT_THAT(ToStringList(res.Get()), testing::ElementsAre());
+    EXPECT_EQ(opt.value, false);
+}
+
+TEST_F(CLITest, ParseInt) {
+    OptionSet opts;
+    auto& opt = opts.Add<ValueOption<int>>("my_option", "an integer value");
+
+    std::stringstream err;
+    auto res = opts.Parse(err, Split("--my_option 42", " "));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(res) << err.str();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(err.str().empty());
+    EXPECT_THAT(ToStringList(res.Get()), testing::ElementsAre());
+    EXPECT_EQ(opt.value, 42);
+}
+
+TEST_F(CLITest, ParseUint64) {
+    OptionSet opts;
+    auto& opt = opts.Add<ValueOption<uint64_t>>("my_option", "a uint64_t value");
+
+    std::stringstream err;
+    auto res = opts.Parse(err, Split("--my_option 1000000", " "));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(res) << err.str();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(err.str().empty());
+    EXPECT_THAT(ToStringList(res.Get()), testing::ElementsAre());
+    EXPECT_EQ(opt.value, 1000000);
+}
+
+TEST_F(CLITest, ParseFloat) {
+    OptionSet opts;
+    auto& opt = opts.Add<ValueOption<float>>("my_option", "a float value");
+
+    std::stringstream err;
+    auto res = opts.Parse(err, Split("--my_option 1.25", " "));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(res) << err.str();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(err.str().empty());
+    EXPECT_THAT(ToStringList(res.Get()), testing::ElementsAre());
+    EXPECT_EQ(opt.value, 1.25f);
+}
+
+TEST_F(CLITest, ParseString) {
+    OptionSet opts;
+    auto& opt = opts.Add<StringOption>("my_option", "a string value");
+
+    std::stringstream err;
+    auto res = opts.Parse(err, Split("--my_option blah", " "));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(res) << err.str();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(err.str().empty());
+    EXPECT_THAT(ToStringList(res.Get()), testing::ElementsAre());
+    EXPECT_EQ(opt.value, "blah");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CLITest, ParseEnum) {
+    enum class E { X, Y, Z };
+
+    OptionSet opts;
+    auto& opt = opts.Add<EnumOption<E>>("my_option", "sets the awesome value",
+                                        utils::Vector{
+                                            EnumName(E::X, "X"),
+                                            EnumName(E::Y, "Y"),
+                                            EnumName(E::Z, "Z"),
+                                        });
+    std::stringstream err;
+    auto res = opts.Parse(err, Split("--my_option Y", " "));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(res) << err.str();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(err.str().empty());
+    EXPECT_THAT(ToStringList(res.Get()), testing::ElementsAre());
+    EXPECT_EQ(opt.value, E::Y);
+}
+
+TEST_F(CLITest, ParseShortName) {
+    OptionSet opts;
+    auto& opt = opts.Add<ValueOption<int>>("my_option", "an integer value", ShortName{"o"});
+
+    std::stringstream err;
+    auto res = opts.Parse(err, Split("-o 42", " "));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(res) << err.str();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(err.str().empty());
+    EXPECT_THAT(ToStringList(res.Get()), testing::ElementsAre());
+    EXPECT_EQ(opt.value, 42);
+}
+
+TEST_F(CLITest, ParseUnconsumed) {
+    OptionSet opts;
+    auto& opt = opts.Add<ValueOption<int32_t>>("my_option", "a int32_t value");
+
+    std::stringstream err;
+    auto res = opts.Parse(err, Split("abc --my_option -123 def", " "));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(res) << err.str();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(err.str().empty());
+    EXPECT_THAT(ToStringList(res.Get()), testing::ElementsAre("abc", "def"));
+    EXPECT_EQ(opt.value, -123);
+}
+
+TEST_F(CLITest, ParseUsingEquals) {
+    OptionSet opts;
+    auto& opt = opts.Add<ValueOption<int>>("my_option", "an int value");
+
+    std::stringstream err;
+    auto res = opts.Parse(err, Split("--my_option=123", " "));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(res) << err.str();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(err.str().empty());
+    EXPECT_THAT(ToStringList(res.Get()), testing::ElementsAre());
+    EXPECT_EQ(opt.value, 123);
+}
+
+TEST_F(CLITest, SetValueToDefault) {
+    OptionSet opts;
+    auto& opt = opts.Add<BoolOption>("my_option", "a boolean value", Default{true});
+
+    std::stringstream err;
+    auto res = opts.Parse(err, utils::Empty);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(res) << err.str();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(err.str().empty());
+    EXPECT_EQ(opt.value, true);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace tint::utils::cli
diff --git a/src/tint/utils/parse_num.h b/src/tint/utils/parse_num.h
index 6d4fcb4..7c4ff7e 100644
--- a/src/tint/utils/parse_num.h
+++ b/src/tint/utils/parse_num.h
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include <optional>
 #include <string>
 
+#include "src/tint/utils/compiler_macros.h"
 #include "src/tint/utils/result.h"
 
 namespace tint::utils {
@@ -78,6 +79,8 @@
 /// @returns the string @p str parsed as a uint8_t
 Result<uint8_t, ParseNumberError> ParseUint8(std::string_view str);
 
+TINT_BEGIN_DISABLE_WARNING(UNREACHABLE_CODE);
+
 /// @param str the string
 /// @returns the string @p str parsed as a the number @p T
 template <typename T>
@@ -121,6 +124,8 @@
     return ParseNumberError::kUnparsable;
 }
 
+TINT_END_DISABLE_WARNING(UNREACHABLE_CODE);
+
 }  // namespace tint::utils
 
 #endif  // SRC_TINT_UTILS_PARSE_NUM_H_
diff --git a/src/tint/utils/string_test.cc b/src/tint/utils/string_test.cc
index 676c341..63f72a6 100644
--- a/src/tint/utils/string_test.cc
+++ b/src/tint/utils/string_test.cc
@@ -17,9 +17,18 @@
 #include "gmock/gmock.h"
 #include "src/tint/utils/string_stream.h"
 
+#include "src/tint/utils/transform.h"  // Used by ToStringList()
+
 namespace tint::utils {
 namespace {
 
+// Workaround for https://github.com/google/googletest/issues/3081
+// Remove when using C++20
+template <size_t N>
+utils::Vector<std::string, N> ToStringList(const utils::Vector<std::string_view, N>& views) {
+    return Transform(views, [](std::string_view view) { return std::string(view); });
+}
+
 TEST(StringTest, ReplaceAll) {
     EXPECT_EQ("xybbcc", ReplaceAll("aabbcc", "aa", "xy"));
     EXPECT_EQ("aaxycc", ReplaceAll("aabbcc", "bb", "xy"));
@@ -176,16 +185,15 @@
     EXPECT_EQ("'meow'", Quote("meow"));
 }
 
-#if 0  // Enable when moved to C++20 (https://github.com/google/googletest/issues/3081)
 TEST(StringTest, Split) {
-    EXPECT_THAT(Split("", ","), testing::ElementsAre(""));
-    EXPECT_THAT(Split("cat", ","), testing::ElementsAre("cat"));
-    EXPECT_THAT(Split("cat,", ","), testing::ElementsAre("cat", ""));
-    EXPECT_THAT(Split(",cat", ","), testing::ElementsAre("", "cat"));
-    EXPECT_THAT(Split("cat,dog,fish", ","), testing::ElementsAre("cat", "dog", "fish"));
-    EXPECT_THAT(Split("catdogfish", "dog"), testing::ElementsAre("cat", "fish"));
+    EXPECT_THAT(ToStringList(Split("", ",")), testing::ElementsAre(""));
+    EXPECT_THAT(ToStringList(Split("cat", ",")), testing::ElementsAre("cat"));
+    EXPECT_THAT(ToStringList(Split("cat,", ",")), testing::ElementsAre("cat", ""));
+    EXPECT_THAT(ToStringList(Split(",cat", ",")), testing::ElementsAre("", "cat"));
+    EXPECT_THAT(ToStringList(Split("cat,dog,fish", ",")),
+                testing::ElementsAre("cat", "dog", "fish"));
+    EXPECT_THAT(ToStringList(Split("catdogfish", "dog")), testing::ElementsAre("cat", "fish"));
 }
-#endif
 
 TEST(StringTest, Join) {
     EXPECT_EQ(Join(utils::Vector<int, 1>{}, ","), "");