third_party/emdawnwebgpu/library_webgpu.js - dawn - Git at Google

 /**
  * @license
  * Copyright 2019 The Emscripten Authors
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */

 /*
  * Dawn's fork of Emscripten's WebGPU bindings. This will be contributed back to
  * Emscripten after reaching approximately webgpu.h "1.0".
  *
  * IMPORTANT: See //src/emdawnwebgpu/README.md for info on how to use this.
  */

 {{{
   if (USE_WEBGPU || !__HAVE_EMDAWNWEBGPU_STRUCT_INFO || !__HAVE_EMDAWNWEBGPU_ENUM_TABLES || !__HAVE_EMDAWNWEBGPU_SIG_INFO) {
     throw new Error("To use Dawn's library_webgpu.js, disable -sUSE_WEBGPU and first include Dawn's library_webgpu_struct_info.js and library_webgpu_enum_tables.js (before library_webgpu.js)");
   }

   // Helper functions for code generation
   globalThis.gpu = {
     convertSentinelToUndefined: function(name) {
       return `if (${name} == -1) ${name} = undefined;`;
     },

     makeGetBool: function(struct, offset) {
       return `!!(${makeGetValue(struct, offset, 'u32')})`;
     },
     makeGetU32: function(struct, offset) {
       return makeGetValue(struct, offset, 'u32');
     },
     makeGetU64: function(struct, offset) {
       var l = makeGetValue(struct, offset, 'u32');
       var h = makeGetValue(`(${struct} + 4)`, offset, 'u32')
       return `${h} * 0x100000000 + ${l}`
     },
     makeCheck: function(str) {
       if (!ASSERTIONS) return '';
       return `assert(${str});`;
     },
     makeCheckDescriptor: function(descriptor) {
       // Assert descriptor is non-null, then that its nextInChain is null.
       // For descriptors that aren't the first in the chain (e.g
       // ShaderSourceSPIRV), there is no .nextInChain pointer, but
       // instead a ChainedStruct object: .chain. So we need to check if
       // .chain.nextInChain is null. As long as nextInChain and chain are always
       // the first member in the struct, descriptor.nextInChain and
       // descriptor.chain.nextInChain should have the same offset (0) to the
       // descriptor pointer and we can check it to be null.
       var OffsetOfNextInChainMember = 0;
       return this.makeCheck(descriptor) + this.makeCheck(makeGetValue(descriptor, OffsetOfNextInChainMember, '*') + ' === 0');
     },
     makeImportJsObject: function(object) {
       return `
         importJs${object}__deps: ['emwgpuCreate${object}'],
         importJs${object}: (obj, parentPtr = 0) => {
           var ptr = _emwgpuCreate${object}(parentPtr);
           WebGPU.Internals.jsObjects[ptr] = obj;
           return ptr;
         },
       `
     },

     // Compile-time table for enum integer values used with templating.
     // Must be in sync with webgpu.h.
     // TODO: Generate this to keep it in sync with webgpu.h
     COPY_STRIDE_UNDEFINED: 0xFFFFFFFF,
     LIMIT_U32_UNDEFINED: 0xFFFFFFFF,
     MIP_LEVEL_COUNT_UNDEFINED: 0xFFFFFFFF,
     ARRAY_LAYER_COUNT_UNDEFINED: 0xFFFFFFFF,
     ...WEBGPU_ENUM_CONSTANT_TABLES,
   };
   null;
 }}}

 var LibraryWebGPU = {
   $WebGPU__deps: [],
   $WebGPU: {
     // Note that external users should not depend on any of the internal
     // implementation details in this sub-object, as they are subject to
     // change to support new features or optimizations. Instead, external
     // users should rely only on the public APIs.
     Internals: {
       // Object management is consolidated into a single table that doesn't
       // care about object type, and is keyed on the pointer address.
       jsObjects: [],
       jsObjectInsert: (ptr, jsObject) => {
         WebGPU.Internals.jsObjects[ptr] = jsObject;
       },

       // Buffer unmapping callbacks are stored in a separate table to keep
       // the jsObject table simple.
       bufferOnUnmaps: [],

       // Future to promise management, and temporary list allocated up-front for
       // WaitAny implementation on the promises. Note that all FutureIDs
       // (uint64_t) are passed either as a low and high value or by pointer
       // because they need to be passed back and forth between JS and C++, and JS
       // is currently unable to pass a value to a C++ function as a uint64_t.
       // This might be possible with -sWASM_BIGINT, but I was unable to get that
       // to work properly at the time of writing.
       futures: [],
       futureInsert: (futureId, promise) => {
 #if ASYNCIFY
         WebGPU.Internals.futures[futureId] =
           new Promise((resolve) => promise.finally(() => resolve(futureId)));
 #endif
       },
       waitAnyPromisesList: [],
     },

     // Public utility functions useful for translating between WASM/JS. Most of
     // the import utilities are generated, with some exceptions that are
     // explicitly implemented because they have some slight differences. Note
     // that all import functions take the expected GPUObject JS types as the
     // first argument and an optional second argument that is WGPUObject C type
     // (i.e. pointer), that should extend EventSource from webgpu.cpp. The
     // second argument is a "parent" object that's needed in order to handle
     // WGPUFutures when using in non-AllowSpontaneous mode. For most objects,
     // a WGPUDevice would suffice as a parent. For a WGPUDevice, either a
     // WGPUAdapter or WGPUInstance would be valid.
     getJsObject: (ptr) => {
       if (!ptr) return undefined;
 #if ASSERTIONS
       assert(ptr in WebGPU.Internals.jsObjects);
 #endif
       return WebGPU.Internals.jsObjects[ptr];
     },
     {{{ gpu.makeImportJsObject('Adapter') }}}
     {{{ gpu.makeImportJsObject('BindGroup') }}}
     {{{ gpu.makeImportJsObject('BindGroupLayout') }}}
     {{{ gpu.makeImportJsObject('Buffer') }}}
     {{{ gpu.makeImportJsObject('CommandBuffer') }}}
     {{{ gpu.makeImportJsObject('CommandEncoder') }}}
     {{{ gpu.makeImportJsObject('ComputePassEncoder') }}}
     {{{ gpu.makeImportJsObject('ComputePipeline') }}}
     importJsDevice__deps: ['emwgpuCreateDevice', 'emwgpuCreateQueue'],
     importJsDevice: (device, parentPtr = 0) => {
       var queuePtr = _emwgpuCreateQueue(parentPtr);
       var devicePtr = _emwgpuCreateDevice(parentPtr, queuePtr);
       WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(queuePtr, device.queue);
       WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(devicePtr, device);
       return devicePtr;
     },
     {{{ gpu.makeImportJsObject('BindGroup') }}}
     {{{ gpu.makeImportJsObject('PipelineLayout') }}}
     {{{ gpu.makeImportJsObject('QuerySet') }}}
     {{{ gpu.makeImportJsObject('Queue') }}}
     {{{ gpu.makeImportJsObject('RenderBundle') }}}
     {{{ gpu.makeImportJsObject('RenderBundleEncoder') }}}
     {{{ gpu.makeImportJsObject('RenderPassEncoder') }}}
     {{{ gpu.makeImportJsObject('RenderPipeline') }}}
     {{{ gpu.makeImportJsObject('Sampler') }}}
     {{{ gpu.makeImportJsObject('ShaderModule') }}}
     {{{ gpu.makeImportJsObject('Surface') }}}
     {{{ gpu.makeImportJsObject('Texture') }}}
     {{{ gpu.makeImportJsObject('TextureView') }}}

     errorCallback__deps: ['$stackSave', '$stackRestore', '$stringToUTF8OnStack'],
     errorCallback: (callback, type, message, userdata) => {
       var sp = stackSave();
       var messagePtr = stringToUTF8OnStack(message);
       {{{ makeDynCall('vipp', 'callback') }}}(type, messagePtr, userdata);
       stackRestore(sp);
     },

     setStringView: (ptr, data, length) => {
       {{{ makeSetValue('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUStringView.data, 'data', '*') }}};
       {{{ makeSetValue('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUStringView.length, 'length', '*') }}};
     },

     makeStringFromStringView__deps: ['$UTF8ToString'],
     makeStringFromStringView: (stringViewPtr) => {
       var ptr = {{{ makeGetValue('stringViewPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUStringView.data, '*') }}};
       var length = {{{ makeGetValue('stringViewPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUStringView.length, '*') }}};
       // UTF8ToString stops at the first null terminator character in the
       // string regardless of the length.
       return UTF8ToString(ptr, length);
     },
     makeStringFromOptionalStringView__deps: ['$UTF8ToString'],
     makeStringFromOptionalStringView: (stringViewPtr) => {
       var ptr = {{{ makeGetValue('stringViewPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUStringView.data, '*') }}};
       var length = {{{ makeGetValue('stringViewPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUStringView.length, '*') }}};
       // If we don't have a valid string pointer, just return undefined when
       // optional.
       if (!ptr) {
         if (length === 0) {
           return "";
         }
         return undefined;
       }
       // UTF8ToString stops at the first null terminator character in the
       // string regardless of the length.
       return UTF8ToString(ptr, length);
     },

     makeColor: (ptr) => {
       return {
         "r": {{{ makeGetValue('ptr', 0, 'double') }}},
         "g": {{{ makeGetValue('ptr', 8, 'double') }}},
         "b": {{{ makeGetValue('ptr', 16, 'double') }}},
         "a": {{{ makeGetValue('ptr', 24, 'double') }}},
       };
     },

     makeExtent3D: (ptr) => {
       return {
         "width": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUExtent3D.width) }}},
         "height": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUExtent3D.height) }}},
         "depthOrArrayLayers": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUExtent3D.depthOrArrayLayers) }}},
       };
     },

     makeOrigin3D: (ptr) => {
       return {
         "x": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUOrigin3D.x) }}},
         "y": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUOrigin3D.y) }}},
         "z": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUOrigin3D.z) }}},
       };
     },

     makeImageCopyTexture: (ptr) => {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheck('ptr') }}}
       return {
         "texture": WebGPU.getJsObject(
           {{{ makeGetValue('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUImageCopyTexture.texture, '*') }}}),
         "mipLevel": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUImageCopyTexture.mipLevel) }}},
         "origin": WebGPU.makeOrigin3D(ptr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUImageCopyTexture.origin }}}),
         "aspect": WebGPU.TextureAspect[{{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUImageCopyTexture.aspect) }}}],
       };
     },

     makeTextureDataLayout: (ptr) => {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('ptr') }}}
       var bytesPerRow = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureDataLayout.bytesPerRow) }}};
       var rowsPerImage = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureDataLayout.rowsPerImage) }}};
       return {
         "offset": {{{ gpu.makeGetU64('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureDataLayout.offset) }}},
         "bytesPerRow": bytesPerRow === {{{ gpu.COPY_STRIDE_UNDEFINED }}} ? undefined : bytesPerRow,
         "rowsPerImage": rowsPerImage === {{{ gpu.COPY_STRIDE_UNDEFINED }}} ? undefined : rowsPerImage,
       };
     },

     makeImageCopyBuffer: (ptr) => {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheck('ptr') }}}
       var layoutPtr = ptr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUImageCopyBuffer.layout }}};
       var bufferCopyView = WebGPU.makeTextureDataLayout(layoutPtr);
       bufferCopyView["buffer"] = WebGPU.getJsObject(
         {{{ makeGetValue('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUImageCopyBuffer.buffer, '*') }}});
       return bufferCopyView;
     },

     makePipelineConstants: (constantCount, constantsPtr) => {
       if (!constantCount) return;
       var constants = {};
       for (var i = 0; i < constantCount; ++i) {
         var entryPtr = constantsPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUConstantEntry.__size__ }}} * i;
         var key = WebGPU.makeStringFromStringView(entryPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUConstantEntry.key }}});
         constants[key] = {{{ makeGetValue('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUConstantEntry.value, 'double') }}};
       }
       return constants;
     },

     makePipelineLayout: (layoutPtr) => {
       if (!layoutPtr) return 'auto';
       return WebGPU.getJsObject(layoutPtr);
     },

     makeProgrammableStageDescriptor: (ptr) => {
       if (!ptr) return undefined;
       {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('ptr') }}}
       var desc = {
         "module": WebGPU.getJsObject(
           {{{ makeGetValue('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUProgrammableStageDescriptor.module, '*') }}}),
         "constants": WebGPU.makePipelineConstants(
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUProgrammableStageDescriptor.constantCount) }}},
           {{{ makeGetValue('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUProgrammableStageDescriptor.constants, '*') }}}),
         "entryPoint": WebGPU.makeStringFromOptionalStringView(
           ptr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUProgrammableStageDescriptor.entryPoint }}}),
       };
       return desc;
     },

     makeComputePipelineDesc: (descriptor) => {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}

       var desc = {
         "label": WebGPU.makeStringFromOptionalStringView(
           descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUComputePipelineDescriptor.label }}}),
         "layout": WebGPU.makePipelineLayout(
           {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUComputePipelineDescriptor.layout, '*') }}}),
         "compute": WebGPU.makeProgrammableStageDescriptor(
           descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUComputePipelineDescriptor.compute }}}),
       };
       return desc;
     },

     makeRenderPipelineDesc: (descriptor) => {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}

       function makePrimitiveState(psPtr) {
         if (!psPtr) return undefined;
         {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('psPtr') }}}
         return {
           "topology": WebGPU.PrimitiveTopology[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('psPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUPrimitiveState.topology) }}}],
           "stripIndexFormat": WebGPU.IndexFormat[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('psPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUPrimitiveState.stripIndexFormat) }}}],
           "frontFace": WebGPU.FrontFace[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('psPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUPrimitiveState.frontFace) }}}],
           "cullMode": WebGPU.CullMode[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('psPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUPrimitiveState.cullMode) }}}],
           "unclippedDepth":
             {{{ gpu.makeGetBool('psPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUPrimitiveState.unclippedDepth) }}},
         };
       }

       function makeBlendComponent(bdPtr) {
         if (!bdPtr) return undefined;
         return {
           "operation": WebGPU.BlendOperation[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('bdPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBlendComponent.operation) }}}],
           "srcFactor": WebGPU.BlendFactor[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('bdPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBlendComponent.srcFactor) }}}],
           "dstFactor": WebGPU.BlendFactor[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('bdPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBlendComponent.dstFactor) }}}],
         };
       }

       function makeBlendState(bsPtr) {
         if (!bsPtr) return undefined;
         return {
           "alpha": makeBlendComponent(bsPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUBlendState.alpha }}}),
           "color": makeBlendComponent(bsPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUBlendState.color }}}),
         };
       }

       function makeColorState(csPtr) {
         {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('csPtr') }}}
         var formatInt = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('csPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUColorTargetState.format) }}};
         return formatInt === {{{ gpu.TextureFormat.Undefined }}} ? undefined : {
           "format": WebGPU.TextureFormat[formatInt],
           "blend": makeBlendState({{{ makeGetValue('csPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUColorTargetState.blend, '*') }}}),
           "writeMask": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('csPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUColorTargetState.writeMask) }}},
         };
       }

       function makeColorStates(count, csArrayPtr) {
         var states = [];
         for (var i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
           states.push(makeColorState(csArrayPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUColorTargetState.__size__ }}} * i));
         }
         return states;
       }

       function makeStencilStateFace(ssfPtr) {
         {{{ gpu.makeCheck('ssfPtr') }}}
         return {
           "compare": WebGPU.CompareFunction[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ssfPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUStencilFaceState.compare) }}}],
           "failOp": WebGPU.StencilOperation[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ssfPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUStencilFaceState.failOp) }}}],
           "depthFailOp": WebGPU.StencilOperation[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ssfPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUStencilFaceState.depthFailOp) }}}],
           "passOp": WebGPU.StencilOperation[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ssfPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUStencilFaceState.passOp) }}}],
         };
       }

       function makeDepthStencilState(dssPtr) {
         if (!dssPtr) return undefined;

         {{{ gpu.makeCheck('dssPtr') }}}
         return {
           "format": WebGPU.TextureFormat[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dssPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUDepthStencilState.format) }}}],
           "depthWriteEnabled": {{{ gpu.makeGetBool('dssPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUDepthStencilState.depthWriteEnabled) }}},
           "depthCompare": WebGPU.CompareFunction[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dssPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUDepthStencilState.depthCompare) }}}],
           "stencilFront": makeStencilStateFace(dssPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUDepthStencilState.stencilFront }}}),
           "stencilBack": makeStencilStateFace(dssPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUDepthStencilState.stencilBack }}}),
           "stencilReadMask": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dssPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUDepthStencilState.stencilReadMask) }}},
           "stencilWriteMask": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dssPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUDepthStencilState.stencilWriteMask) }}},
           "depthBias": {{{ makeGetValue('dssPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUDepthStencilState.depthBias, 'i32') }}},
           "depthBiasSlopeScale": {{{ makeGetValue('dssPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUDepthStencilState.depthBiasSlopeScale, 'float') }}},
           "depthBiasClamp": {{{ makeGetValue('dssPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUDepthStencilState.depthBiasClamp, 'float') }}},
         };
       }

       function makeVertexAttribute(vaPtr) {
         {{{ gpu.makeCheck('vaPtr') }}}
         return {
           "format": WebGPU.VertexFormat[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('vaPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexAttribute.format) }}}],
           "offset": {{{ gpu.makeGetU64('vaPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexAttribute.offset) }}},
           "shaderLocation": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('vaPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexAttribute.shaderLocation) }}},
         };
       }

       function makeVertexAttributes(count, vaArrayPtr) {
         var vas = [];
         for (var i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
           vas.push(makeVertexAttribute(vaArrayPtr + i * {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexAttribute.__size__ }}}));
         }
         return vas;
       }

       function makeVertexBuffer(vbPtr) {
         if (!vbPtr) return undefined;
         var stepModeInt = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('vbPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexBufferLayout.stepMode) }}};
         return stepModeInt === {{{ gpu.VertexStepMode.VertexBufferNotUsed }}} ? null : {
           "arrayStride": {{{ gpu.makeGetU64('vbPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexBufferLayout.arrayStride) }}},
           "stepMode": WebGPU.VertexStepMode[stepModeInt],
           "attributes": makeVertexAttributes(
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('vbPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexBufferLayout.attributeCount) }}},
             {{{ makeGetValue('vbPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexBufferLayout.attributes, '*') }}}),
         };
       }

       function makeVertexBuffers(count, vbArrayPtr) {
         if (!count) return undefined;

         var vbs = [];
         for (var i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
           vbs.push(makeVertexBuffer(vbArrayPtr + i * {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexBufferLayout.__size__ }}}));
         }
         return vbs;
       }

       function makeVertexState(viPtr) {
         if (!viPtr) return undefined;
         {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('viPtr') }}}
         var desc = {
           "module": WebGPU.getJsObject(
             {{{ makeGetValue('viPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexState.module, '*') }}}),
           "constants": WebGPU.makePipelineConstants(
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('viPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexState.constantCount) }}},
             {{{ makeGetValue('viPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexState.constants, '*') }}}),
           "buffers": makeVertexBuffers(
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('viPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexState.bufferCount) }}},
             {{{ makeGetValue('viPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexState.buffers, '*') }}}),
           "entryPoint": WebGPU.makeStringFromOptionalStringView(
             viPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexState.entryPoint }}}),
           };
         return desc;
       }

       function makeMultisampleState(msPtr) {
         if (!msPtr) return undefined;
         {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('msPtr') }}}
         return {
           "count": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('msPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUMultisampleState.count) }}},
           "mask": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('msPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUMultisampleState.mask) }}},
           "alphaToCoverageEnabled": {{{ gpu.makeGetBool('msPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUMultisampleState.alphaToCoverageEnabled) }}},
         };
       }

       function makeFragmentState(fsPtr) {
         if (!fsPtr) return undefined;
         {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('fsPtr') }}}
         var desc = {
           "module": WebGPU.getJsObject(
             {{{ makeGetValue('fsPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUFragmentState.module, '*') }}}),
           "constants": WebGPU.makePipelineConstants(
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('fsPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUFragmentState.constantCount) }}},
             {{{ makeGetValue('fsPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUFragmentState.constants, '*') }}}),
           "targets": makeColorStates(
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('fsPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUFragmentState.targetCount) }}},
             {{{ makeGetValue('fsPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUFragmentState.targets, '*') }}}),
           "entryPoint": WebGPU.makeStringFromOptionalStringView(
             fsPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUFragmentState.entryPoint }}}),
           };
         return desc;
       }

       var desc = {
         "label": WebGPU.makeStringFromOptionalStringView(
           descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor.label }}}),
         "layout": WebGPU.makePipelineLayout(
           {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor.layout, '*') }}}),
         "vertex": makeVertexState(
           descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor.vertex }}}),
         "primitive": makePrimitiveState(
           descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor.primitive }}}),
         "depthStencil": makeDepthStencilState(
           {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor.depthStencil, '*') }}}),
         "multisample": makeMultisampleState(
           descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor.multisample }}}),
         "fragment": makeFragmentState(
           {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor.fragment, '*') }}}),
       };
       return desc;
     },

     fillLimitStruct: (limits, supportedLimitsOutPtr) => {
       var limitsOutPtr = supportedLimitsOutPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUSupportedLimits.limits }}};

       function setLimitValueU32(name, limitOffset) {
         var limitValue = limits[name];
         {{{ makeSetValue('limitsOutPtr', 'limitOffset', 'limitValue', 'i32') }}};
       }
       function setLimitValueU64(name, limitOffset) {
         var limitValue = limits[name];
         {{{ makeSetValue('limitsOutPtr', 'limitOffset', 'limitValue', 'i64') }}};
       }

       setLimitValueU32('maxTextureDimension1D', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxTextureDimension1D }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxTextureDimension2D', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxTextureDimension2D }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxTextureDimension3D', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxTextureDimension3D }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxTextureArrayLayers', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxTextureArrayLayers }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxBindGroups', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxBindGroups }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxBindGroupsPlusVertexBuffers', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxBindGroupsPlusVertexBuffers }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxBindingsPerBindGroup', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxBindingsPerBindGroup }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxDynamicUniformBuffersPerPipelineLayout', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxDynamicUniformBuffersPerPipelineLayout }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxDynamicStorageBuffersPerPipelineLayout', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxDynamicStorageBuffersPerPipelineLayout }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxSampledTexturesPerShaderStage', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxSampledTexturesPerShaderStage }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxSamplersPerShaderStage', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxSamplersPerShaderStage }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxStorageBuffersPerShaderStage', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxStorageBuffersPerShaderStage }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxStorageTexturesPerShaderStage', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxStorageTexturesPerShaderStage }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxUniformBuffersPerShaderStage', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxUniformBuffersPerShaderStage }}});
       setLimitValueU32('minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment }}});
       setLimitValueU32('minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment }}});

       setLimitValueU64('maxUniformBufferBindingSize', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxUniformBufferBindingSize }}});
       setLimitValueU64('maxStorageBufferBindingSize', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxStorageBufferBindingSize }}});

       setLimitValueU32('maxVertexBuffers', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxVertexBuffers }}});
       setLimitValueU64('maxBufferSize', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxBufferSize }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxVertexAttributes', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxVertexAttributes }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxVertexBufferArrayStride', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxVertexBufferArrayStride }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxInterStageShaderComponents', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxInterStageShaderComponents }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxInterStageShaderVariables', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxInterStageShaderVariables }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxColorAttachments', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxColorAttachments }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxColorAttachmentBytesPerSample', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxColorAttachmentBytesPerSample }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxComputeWorkgroupStorageSize', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxComputeWorkgroupStorageSize }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxComputeInvocationsPerWorkgroup', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxComputeInvocationsPerWorkgroup }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxComputeWorkgroupSizeX', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxComputeWorkgroupSizeX }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxComputeWorkgroupSizeY', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxComputeWorkgroupSizeY }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxComputeWorkgroupSizeZ', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxComputeWorkgroupSizeZ }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxComputeWorkgroupsPerDimension', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxComputeWorkgroupsPerDimension }}});
     },

     // Maps from enum string back to enum number, for callbacks.
     {{{ WEBGPU_STRING_TO_INT_TABLES }}}

     // Maps from enum number to enum string.
     {{{ WEBGPU_INT_TO_STRING_TABLES }}}
   },

   // TODO(374150686): Remove this once it has been fully deprecated in users.
   emscripten_webgpu_get_device__deps: ['wgpuDeviceAddRef'],
   emscripten_webgpu_get_device: () => {
 #if ASSERTIONS
     assert(Module['preinitializedWebGPUDevice']);
 #endif
     if (WebGPU.preinitializedDeviceId === undefined) {
       WebGPU.preinitializedDeviceId = WebGPU.importJsDevice(Module['preinitializedWebGPUDevice']);
       // Some users depend on this keeping the device alive, so we add an
       // additional reference when we first initialize it.
       _wgpuDeviceAddRef(WebGPU.preinitializedDeviceId);
     }
     _wgpuDeviceAddRef(WebGPU.preinitializedDeviceId);
     return WebGPU.preinitializedDeviceId;
   },

   // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Definitions for standalone JS emwgpu functions (callable from webgpu.cpp and
   //   library_html5_html.js)
   // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

   emwgpuDelete__sig: 'vp',
   emwgpuDelete: (ptr) => {
     delete WebGPU.Internals.jsObjects[ptr];
   },

   emwgpuSetLabel__deps: ['$UTF8ToString'],
   emwgpuSetLabel__sig: 'vppp',
   emwgpuSetLabel: (ptr, data, length) => {
     var obj = WebGPU.getJsObject(ptr);
     obj.label = UTF8ToString(data, length);
   },

   // Returns a FutureID that was resolved, or kNullFutureId if timed out.
 #if ASYNCIFY
   emwgpuWaitAny__async: true,
 #endif
   emwgpuWaitAny__i53abi: false,
   emwgpuWaitAny__sig: 'jppp',
   emwgpuWaitAny: (futurePtr, futureCount, timeoutNSPtr) => {
 #if ASYNCIFY
     var promises = WebGPU.Internals.waitAnyPromisesList;
     if (timeoutNSPtr) {
       var timeoutMS = {{{ gpu.makeGetU64('timeoutNSPtr', 0) }}} / 1000000;
       promises.length = futureCount + 1;
       promises[futureCount] = new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, timeoutMS, 0));
     } else {
       promises.length = futureCount;
     }

     for (var i = 0; i < futureCount; ++i) {
       // If any of the FutureIDs are not tracked, it means it must be done.
       var futureId = {{{ gpu.makeGetU64('(futurePtr + i * 8)', 0) }}};
       if (!(futureId in WebGPU.Internals.futures)) {
         return futureId;
       }
       promises[i] = WebGPU.Internals.futures[futureId];
     }

     var result = Asyncify.handleAsync(async () => {
       return await Promise.race(promises);
     });

     // Clean up internal futures state.
     delete WebGPU.Internals.futures[result];
     WebGPU.Internals.waitAnyPromisesList.length = 0;
     return result;
 #else
     assert(false);
 #endif
   },

   emwgpuGetPreferredFormat__sig: 'i',
   emwgpuGetPreferredFormat: () => {
     var format = navigator["gpu"]["getPreferredCanvasFormat"]();
     return WebGPU.Int_PreferredFormat[format];
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // WebGPU function definitions, with methods organized by "class".
   //
   // Also note that the full set of functions declared in webgpu.h are only
   // partially implemeted here. The remaining ones are implemented via
   // webgpu.cpp.
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Standalone (non-method) functions
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuGetInstanceFeatures: (featuresPtr) => {
     abort('TODO: wgpuGetInstanceFeatures unimplemented');
     return 0;
   },

   wgpuGetProcAddress: (device, procName) => {
     abort('TODO(#11526): wgpuGetProcAddress unimplemented');
     return 0;
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of Adapter
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuAdapterGetFeatures__deps: ['malloc'],
   wgpuAdapterGetFeatures: (adapterPtr, supportedFeatures) => {
     var adapter = WebGPU.getJsObject(adapterPtr);

     // Always allocate enough space for all the features, though some may be unused.
     var featuresPtr = _malloc(adapter.features.size * 4);
     var offset = 0;
     var numFeatures = 0;
     adapter.features.forEach(feature => {
       var featureEnumValue = WebGPU.FeatureNameString2Enum[feature];
       if (featureEnumValue !== undefined) {
         {{{ makeSetValue('featuresPtr', 'offset', 'featureEnumValue', 'i32') }}};
         offset += 4;
         numFeatures++;
       }
     });
     {{{ makeSetValue('supportedFeatures', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSupportedFeatures.features, 'featuresPtr', '*') }}};
     {{{ makeSetValue('supportedFeatures', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSupportedFeatures.featureCount, 'numFeatures', '*') }}};
   },

   wgpuAdapterGetInfo__deps: ['$stringToNewUTF8', '$lengthBytesUTF8'],
   wgpuAdapterGetInfo: (adapterPtr, info) => {
     var adapter = WebGPU.getJsObject(adapterPtr);
     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('info') }}}

     // Append all the strings together to condense into a single malloc.
     var strs = adapter.info.vendor + adapter.info.architecture + adapter.info.device + adapter.info.description;
     var strPtr = stringToNewUTF8(strs);

     var vendorLen = lengthBytesUTF8(adapter.info.vendor);
     WebGPU.setStringView(info + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterInfo.vendor }}}, strPtr, vendorLen);
     strPtr += vendorLen;

     var architectureLen = lengthBytesUTF8(adapter.info.architecture);
     WebGPU.setStringView(info + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterInfo.architecture }}}, strPtr, architectureLen);
     strPtr += architectureLen;

     var deviceLen = lengthBytesUTF8(adapter.info.device);
     WebGPU.setStringView(info + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterInfo.device }}}, strPtr, deviceLen);
     strPtr += deviceLen;

     var descriptionLen = lengthBytesUTF8(adapter.info.description);
     WebGPU.setStringView(info + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterInfo.description }}}, strPtr, descriptionLen);
     strPtr += descriptionLen;

     {{{ makeSetValue('info', C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterInfo.backendType, gpu.BackendType.WebGPU, 'i32') }}};
     var adapterType = adapter.isFallbackAdapter ? {{{ gpu.AdapterType.CPU }}} : {{{ gpu.AdapterType.Unknown }}};
     {{{ makeSetValue('info', C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterInfo.adapterType, 'adapterType', 'i32') }}};
     {{{ makeSetValue('info', C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterInfo.vendorID, '0', 'i32') }}};
     {{{ makeSetValue('info', C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterInfo.deviceID, '0', 'i32') }}};
   },

   wgpuAdapterGetLimits: (adapterPtr, limitsOutPtr) => {
     var adapter = WebGPU.getJsObject(adapterPtr);
     WebGPU.fillLimitStruct(adapter.limits, limitsOutPtr);
     return 1;
   },

   wgpuAdapterHasFeature: (adapterPtr, featureEnumValue) => {
     var adapter = WebGPU.getJsObject(adapterPtr);
     return adapter.features.has(WebGPU.FeatureName[featureEnumValue]);
   },

   emwgpuAdapterRequestDevice__deps: ['emwgpuCreateQueue', 'emwgpuOnDeviceLostCompleted', 'emwgpuOnRequestDeviceCompleted', 'emwgpuOnUncapturedError'],
   emwgpuAdapterRequestDevice__sig: 'vpjjppp',
   emwgpuAdapterRequestDevice: (adapterPtr, futureId, deviceLostFutureId, devicePtr, queuePtr, descriptor) => {
     var adapter = WebGPU.getJsObject(adapterPtr);

     var desc = {};
     if (descriptor) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}
       var requiredFeatureCount = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUDeviceDescriptor.requiredFeatureCount) }}};
       if (requiredFeatureCount) {
         var requiredFeaturesPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUDeviceDescriptor.requiredFeatures, '*') }}};
         // requiredFeaturesPtr is a pointer to an array of FeatureName which is an enum of size uint32_t
         desc["requiredFeatures"] = Array.from({{{ makeHEAPView('U32', 'requiredFeaturesPtr', `requiredFeaturesPtr + requiredFeatureCount * 4`) }}},
           (feature) => WebGPU.FeatureName[feature]);
       }
       var requiredLimitsPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUDeviceDescriptor.requiredLimits, '*') }}};
       if (requiredLimitsPtr) {
         {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('requiredLimitsPtr') }}}
         var limitsPtr = requiredLimitsPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPURequiredLimits.limits }}};
         var requiredLimits = {};
         function setLimitU32IfDefined(name, limitOffset) {
           var ptr = limitsPtr + limitOffset;
           var value = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', 0) }}};
           if (value != {{{ gpu.LIMIT_U32_UNDEFINED }}}) {
             requiredLimits[name] = value;
           }
         }
         function setLimitU64IfDefined(name, limitOffset) {
           var ptr = limitsPtr + limitOffset;
           // Handle WGPU_LIMIT_U64_UNDEFINED.
           var limitPart1 = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', 0) }}};
           var limitPart2 = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', 4) }}};
           if (limitPart1 != 0xFFFFFFFF || limitPart2 != 0xFFFFFFFF) {
             requiredLimits[name] = {{{ gpu.makeGetU64('ptr', 0) }}}
           }
         }

         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxTextureDimension1D", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxTextureDimension1D }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxTextureDimension2D", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxTextureDimension2D }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxTextureDimension3D", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxTextureDimension3D }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxTextureArrayLayers", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxTextureArrayLayers }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxBindGroups", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxBindGroups }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined('maxBindGroupsPlusVertexBuffers', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxBindGroupsPlusVertexBuffers }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxDynamicUniformBuffersPerPipelineLayout", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxDynamicUniformBuffersPerPipelineLayout }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxDynamicStorageBuffersPerPipelineLayout", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxDynamicStorageBuffersPerPipelineLayout }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxSampledTexturesPerShaderStage", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxSampledTexturesPerShaderStage }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxSamplersPerShaderStage", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxSamplersPerShaderStage }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxStorageBuffersPerShaderStage", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxStorageBuffersPerShaderStage }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxStorageTexturesPerShaderStage", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxStorageTexturesPerShaderStage }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxUniformBuffersPerShaderStage", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxUniformBuffersPerShaderStage }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment }}});
         setLimitU64IfDefined("maxUniformBufferBindingSize", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxUniformBufferBindingSize }}});
         setLimitU64IfDefined("maxStorageBufferBindingSize", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxStorageBufferBindingSize }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxVertexBuffers", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxVertexBuffers }}});
         setLimitU64IfDefined("maxBufferSize", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxBufferSize }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxVertexAttributes", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxVertexAttributes }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxVertexBufferArrayStride", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxVertexBufferArrayStride }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxInterStageShaderComponents", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxInterStageShaderComponents }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxInterStageShaderVariables", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxInterStageShaderVariables }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxColorAttachments", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxColorAttachments }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxColorAttachmentBytesPerSample", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxColorAttachmentBytesPerSample }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxComputeWorkgroupStorageSize", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxComputeWorkgroupStorageSize }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxComputeInvocationsPerWorkgroup", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxComputeInvocationsPerWorkgroup }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxComputeWorkgroupSizeX", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxComputeWorkgroupSizeX }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxComputeWorkgroupSizeY", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxComputeWorkgroupSizeY }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxComputeWorkgroupSizeZ", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxComputeWorkgroupSizeZ }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxComputeWorkgroupsPerDimension", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxComputeWorkgroupsPerDimension }}});
         desc["requiredLimits"] = requiredLimits;
       }

       var defaultQueuePtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUDeviceDescriptor.defaultQueue, '*') }}};
       if (defaultQueuePtr) {
         var defaultQueueDesc = {
           "label": WebGPU.makeStringFromOptionalStringView(
             defaultQueuePtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUQueueDescriptor.label }}}),
         };
         desc["defaultQueue"] = defaultQueueDesc;
       }
       desc["label"] = WebGPU.makeStringFromOptionalStringView(
         descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUDeviceDescriptor.label }}}
       );
     }

     {{{ runtimeKeepalivePush() }}}
     WebGPU.Internals.futureInsert(futureId, adapter.requestDevice(desc).then((device) => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(queuePtr, device.queue);
       WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(devicePtr, device);

       // Set up device lost promise resolution.
       if (deviceLostFutureId) {
         {{{ runtimeKeepalivePush() }}}
         WebGPU.Internals.futureInsert(deviceLostFutureId, device.lost.then((info) => {
           {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
           // Unset the uncaptured error handler.
           device.onuncapturederror = (ev) => {};
           var sp = stackSave();
           var messagePtr = stringToUTF8OnStack(info.message);
           _emwgpuOnDeviceLostCompleted(deviceLostFutureId, WebGPU.Int_DeviceLostReason[info.reason], messagePtr);
           stackRestore(sp);
         }));
       }

       // Set up uncaptured error handlers.
 #if ASSERTIONS
       assert(typeof GPUValidationError != 'undefined');
       assert(typeof GPUOutOfMemoryError != 'undefined');
       assert(typeof GPUInternalError != 'undefined');
 #endif
       device.onuncapturederror = (ev) => {
           var type = {{{ gpu.ErrorType.Unknown }}};
           if (ev.error instanceof GPUValidationError) type = {{{ gpu.ErrorType.Validation }}};
           else if (ev.error instanceof GPUOutOfMemoryError) type = {{{ gpu.ErrorType.OutOfMemory }}};
           else if (ev.error instanceof GPUInternalError) type = {{{ gpu.ErrorType.Internal }}};
           var sp = stackSave();
           var messagePtr = stringToUTF8OnStack(ev.error.message);
           _emwgpuOnUncapturedError(devicePtr, type, messagePtr);
           stackRestore(sp);
       };

       _emwgpuOnRequestDeviceCompleted(futureId, {{{ gpu.RequestDeviceStatus.Success }}}, devicePtr, 0);
     }, (ex) => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       var sp = stackSave();
       var messagePtr = stringToUTF8OnStack(ex.message);
       _emwgpuOnRequestDeviceCompleted(futureId, {{{ gpu.RequestDeviceStatus.Error }}}, devicePtr, messagePtr);
       if (deviceLostFutureId) {
         _emwgpuOnDeviceLostCompleted(deviceLostFutureId, {{{ gpu.DeviceLostReason.FailedCreation }}}, messagePtr);
       }
       stackRestore(sp);
     }));
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of BindGroup
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of BindGroupLayout
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of Buffer
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   emwgpuBufferDestroy__sig: 'vp',
   emwgpuBufferDestroy: (bufferPtr) => {
     var buffer = WebGPU.getJsObject(bufferPtr);
     var onUnmap = WebGPU.Internals.bufferOnUnmaps[bufferPtr];
     if (onUnmap) {
       for (var i = 0; i < onUnmap.length; ++i) {
         onUnmap[i]();
       }
       delete WebGPU.Internals.bufferOnUnmaps[bufferPtr];
     }

     buffer.destroy();
   },

   // In webgpu.h offset and size are passed in as size_t.
   // And library_webgpu assumes that size_t is always 32bit in emscripten.
   emwgpuBufferGetConstMappedRange__deps: ['$warnOnce', 'memalign', 'free'],
   emwgpuBufferGetConstMappedRange__sig: 'pppp',
   emwgpuBufferGetConstMappedRange: (bufferPtr, offset, size) => {
     var buffer = WebGPU.getJsObject(bufferPtr);

     if (size === 0) warnOnce('getMappedRange size=0 no longer means WGPU_WHOLE_MAP_SIZE');

     {{{ gpu.convertSentinelToUndefined('size') }}}

     var mapped;
     try {
       mapped = buffer.getMappedRange(offset, size);
     } catch (ex) {
 #if ASSERTIONS
       err(`wgpuBufferGetConstMappedRange(${offset}, ${size}) failed: ${ex}`);
 #endif
       // TODO(kainino0x): Somehow inject a validation error?
       return 0;
     }
     var data = _memalign(16, mapped.byteLength);
     HEAPU8.set(new Uint8Array(mapped), data);
     WebGPU.Internals.bufferOnUnmaps[bufferPtr].push(() => _free(data));
     return data;
   },

   // In webgpu.h offset and size are passed in as size_t.
   // And library_webgpu assumes that size_t is always 32bit in emscripten.
   emwgpuBufferGetMappedRange__deps: ['$warnOnce', 'memalign', 'free'],
   emwgpuBufferGetMappedRange__sig: 'pppp',
   emwgpuBufferGetMappedRange: (bufferPtr, offset, size) => {
     var buffer = WebGPU.getJsObject(bufferPtr);

     if (size === 0) warnOnce('getMappedRange size=0 no longer means WGPU_WHOLE_MAP_SIZE');

     {{{ gpu.convertSentinelToUndefined('size') }}}

     var mapped;
     try {
       mapped = buffer.getMappedRange(offset, size);
     } catch (ex) {
 #if ASSERTIONS
       err(`wgpuBufferGetMappedRange(${offset}, ${size}) failed: ${ex}`);
 #endif
       // TODO(kainino0x): Somehow inject a validation error?
       return 0;
     }

     var data = _memalign(16, mapped.byteLength);
     HEAPU8.fill(0, data, mapped.byteLength);
     WebGPU.Internals.bufferOnUnmaps[bufferPtr].push(() => {
       new Uint8Array(mapped).set(HEAPU8.subarray(data, data + mapped.byteLength));
       _free(data);
     });
     return data;
   },

   wgpuBufferGetSize: (bufferPtr) => {
     var buffer = WebGPU.getJsObject(bufferPtr);
     // 64-bit
     return buffer.size;
   },

   wgpuBufferGetUsage: (bufferPtr) => {
     var buffer = WebGPU.getJsObject(bufferPtr);
     return buffer.usage;
   },

   // In webgpu.h offset and size are passed in as size_t.
   // And library_webgpu assumes that size_t is always 32bit in emscripten.
   emwgpuBufferMapAsync__deps: ['emwgpuOnMapAsyncCompleted'],
   emwgpuBufferMapAsync__sig: 'vpjjpp',
   emwgpuBufferMapAsync: (bufferPtr, futureId, mode, offset, size) => {
     var buffer = WebGPU.getJsObject(bufferPtr);
     WebGPU.Internals.bufferOnUnmaps[bufferPtr] = [];

     {{{ gpu.convertSentinelToUndefined('size') }}}

     {{{ runtimeKeepalivePush() }}}
     WebGPU.Internals.futureInsert(futureId, buffer.mapAsync(mode, offset, size).then(() => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       _emwgpuOnMapAsyncCompleted(futureId, {{{ gpu.MapAsyncStatus.Success }}}, 0);
     }, (ex) => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       var sp = stackSave();
       var messagePtr = stringToUTF8OnStack(ex.message);
       var status =
         ex instanceof AbortError ? {{{ gpu.MapAsyncStatus.Aborted }}} :
         ex instanceof OperationError ? {{{ gpu.MapAsyncStatus.Error }}} :
         {{{ gpu.MapAsyncStatus.Unknown }}};
         _emwgpuOnMapAsyncCompleted(futureId, status, messagePtr);
         delete WebGPU.Internals.bufferOnUnmaps[bufferPtr];
     }));
   },

   emwgpuBufferUnmap__sig: 'vp',
   emwgpuBufferUnmap: (bufferPtr) => {
     var buffer = WebGPU.getJsObject(bufferPtr);

     var onUnmap = WebGPU.Internals.bufferOnUnmaps[bufferPtr];
     if (!onUnmap) {
       // Already unmapped
       return;
     }

     for (var i = 0; i < onUnmap.length; ++i) {
       onUnmap[i]();
     }
     delete WebGPU.Internals.bufferOnUnmaps[bufferPtr]

     buffer.unmap();
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of CommandBuffer
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of CommandEncoder
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuCommandEncoderBeginComputePass__deps: ['emwgpuCreateComputePassEncoder'],
   wgpuCommandEncoderBeginComputePass: (encoderPtr, descriptor) => {
     var desc;

     function makeComputePassTimestampWrites(twPtr) {
       if (twPtr === 0) return undefined;

       return {
         "querySet": WebGPU.getJsObject(
           {{{ makeGetValue('twPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUComputePassTimestampWrites.querySet, '*') }}}),
         "beginningOfPassWriteIndex": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('twPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUComputePassTimestampWrites.beginningOfPassWriteIndex) }}},
         "endOfPassWriteIndex": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('twPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUComputePassTimestampWrites.endOfPassWriteIndex) }}},
       };
     }

     if (descriptor) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}
       desc = {
         "label": WebGPU.makeStringFromOptionalStringView(
           descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUComputePassDescriptor.label }}}),
         "timestampWrites": makeComputePassTimestampWrites(
           {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUComputePassDescriptor.timestampWrites, '*') }}}),
       };
     }
     var commandEncoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateComputePassEncoder();
     WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(ptr, commandEncoder.beginComputePass(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuCommandEncoderBeginRenderPass__deps: ['emwgpuCreateRenderPassEncoder'],
   wgpuCommandEncoderBeginRenderPass: (encoderPtr, descriptor) => {
     {{{ gpu.makeCheck('descriptor') }}}

     function makeColorAttachment(caPtr) {
       var viewPtr = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('caPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassColorAttachment.view) }}};
       if (viewPtr === 0) {
         // view could be undefined.
         return undefined;
       }

       var depthSlice = {{{ makeGetValue('caPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassColorAttachment.depthSlice, 'i32') }}};
       {{{ gpu.convertSentinelToUndefined('depthSlice') }}}

       var loadOpInt = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('caPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassColorAttachment.loadOp) }}};
       #if ASSERTIONS
           assert(loadOpInt !== {{{ gpu.LoadOp.Undefined }}});
       #endif

       var storeOpInt = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('caPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassColorAttachment.storeOp) }}};
       #if ASSERTIONS
           assert(storeOpInt !== {{{ gpu.StoreOp.Undefined }}});
       #endif

       var clearValue = WebGPU.makeColor(caPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassColorAttachment.clearValue }}});

       return {
         "view": WebGPU.getJsObject(viewPtr),
         "depthSlice": depthSlice,
         "resolveTarget": WebGPU.getJsObject(
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('caPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassColorAttachment.resolveTarget) }}}),
         "clearValue": clearValue,
         "loadOp":  WebGPU.LoadOp[loadOpInt],
         "storeOp": WebGPU.StoreOp[storeOpInt],
       };
     }

     function makeColorAttachments(count, caPtr) {
       var attachments = [];
       for (var i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
         attachments.push(makeColorAttachment(caPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassColorAttachment.__size__ }}} * i));
       }
       return attachments;
     }

     function makeDepthStencilAttachment(dsaPtr) {
       if (dsaPtr === 0) return undefined;

       return {
         "view": WebGPU.getJsObject(
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dsaPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment.view) }}}),
         "depthClearValue": {{{ makeGetValue('dsaPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment.depthClearValue, 'float') }}},
         "depthLoadOp": WebGPU.LoadOp[
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dsaPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment.depthLoadOp) }}}],
         "depthStoreOp": WebGPU.StoreOp[
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dsaPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment.depthStoreOp) }}}],
         "depthReadOnly": {{{ gpu.makeGetBool('dsaPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment.depthReadOnly) }}},
         "stencilClearValue": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dsaPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment.stencilClearValue) }}},
         "stencilLoadOp": WebGPU.LoadOp[
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dsaPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment.stencilLoadOp) }}}],
         "stencilStoreOp": WebGPU.StoreOp[
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dsaPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment.stencilStoreOp) }}}],
         "stencilReadOnly": {{{ gpu.makeGetBool('dsaPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment.stencilReadOnly) }}},
       };
     }

     function makeRenderPassTimestampWrites(twPtr) {
       if (twPtr === 0) return undefined;

       return {
         "querySet": WebGPU.getJsObject(
           {{{ makeGetValue('twPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassTimestampWrites.querySet, '*') }}}),
         "beginningOfPassWriteIndex": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('twPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassTimestampWrites.beginningOfPassWriteIndex) }}},
         "endOfPassWriteIndex": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('twPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassTimestampWrites.endOfPassWriteIndex) }}},
       };
     }

     function makeRenderPassDescriptor(descriptor) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheck('descriptor') }}}
       var nextInChainPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDescriptor.nextInChain, '*') }}};

       var maxDrawCount = undefined;
       if (nextInChainPtr !== 0) {
         var sType = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('nextInChainPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUChainedStruct.sType) }}};
 #if ASSERTIONS
         assert(sType === {{{ gpu.SType.RenderPassMaxDrawCount }}});
         assert(0 === {{{ makeGetValue('nextInChainPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUChainedStruct.next, '*') }}});
 #endif
         var renderPassMaxDrawCount = nextInChainPtr;
         {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('renderPassMaxDrawCount') }}}
         maxDrawCount = {{{ gpu.makeGetU64('renderPassMaxDrawCount', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassMaxDrawCount.maxDrawCount) }}};
       }

       var desc = {
         "label": WebGPU.makeStringFromOptionalStringView(
           descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDescriptor.label }}}),
         "colorAttachments": makeColorAttachments(
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDescriptor.colorAttachmentCount) }}},
           {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDescriptor.colorAttachments, '*') }}}),
         "depthStencilAttachment": makeDepthStencilAttachment(
           {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDescriptor.depthStencilAttachment, '*') }}}),
         "occlusionQuerySet": WebGPU.getJsObject(
           {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDescriptor.occlusionQuerySet, '*') }}}),
         "timestampWrites": makeRenderPassTimestampWrites(
           {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDescriptor.timestampWrites, '*') }}}),
           "maxDrawCount": maxDrawCount,
       };
       return desc;
     }

     var desc = makeRenderPassDescriptor(descriptor);

     var commandEncoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateRenderPassEncoder();
     WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(ptr, commandEncoder.beginRenderPass(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuCommandEncoderClearBuffer: (encoderPtr, bufferPtr, offset, size) => {
     var commandEncoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     {{{ gpu.convertSentinelToUndefined('size') }}}

     var buffer = WebGPU.getJsObject(bufferPtr);
     commandEncoder.clearBuffer(buffer, offset, size);
   },

   wgpuCommandEncoderCopyBufferToBuffer: (encoderPtr, srcPtr, srcOffset, dstPtr, dstOffset, size) => {
     var commandEncoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     var src = WebGPU.getJsObject(srcPtr);
     var dst = WebGPU.getJsObject(dstPtr);
     commandEncoder.copyBufferToBuffer(src, srcOffset, dst, dstOffset, size);
   },

   wgpuCommandEncoderCopyBufferToTexture: (encoderPtr, srcPtr, dstPtr, copySizePtr) => {
     var commandEncoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     var copySize = WebGPU.makeExtent3D(copySizePtr);
     commandEncoder.copyBufferToTexture(
       WebGPU.makeImageCopyBuffer(srcPtr), WebGPU.makeImageCopyTexture(dstPtr), copySize);
   },

   wgpuCommandEncoderCopyTextureToBuffer: (encoderPtr, srcPtr, dstPtr, copySizePtr) => {
     var commandEncoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     var copySize = WebGPU.makeExtent3D(copySizePtr);
     commandEncoder.copyTextureToBuffer(
       WebGPU.makeImageCopyTexture(srcPtr), WebGPU.makeImageCopyBuffer(dstPtr), copySize);
   },

   wgpuCommandEncoderCopyTextureToTexture: (encoderPtr, srcPtr, dstPtr, copySizePtr) => {
     var commandEncoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     var copySize = WebGPU.makeExtent3D(copySizePtr);
     commandEncoder.copyTextureToTexture(
       WebGPU.makeImageCopyTexture(srcPtr), WebGPU.makeImageCopyTexture(dstPtr), copySize);
   },

   wgpuCommandEncoderFinish__deps: ['emwgpuCreateCommandBuffer'],
   wgpuCommandEncoderFinish: (encoderPtr, descriptor) => {
     // TODO: Use the descriptor.
     var commandEncoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateCommandBuffer();
     WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(ptr, commandEncoder.finish());
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuCommandEncoderInsertDebugMarker2: (encoderPtr, markerLabelPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     encoder.insertDebugMarker(WebGPU.makeStringFromStringView(markerLabelPtr));
   },

   wgpuCommandEncoderPopDebugGroup: (encoderPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     encoder.popDebugGroup();
   },

   wgpuCommandEncoderPushDebugGroup2: (encoderPtr, groupLabelPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     encoder.pushDebugGroup(WebGPU.makeStringFromStringView(groupLabelPtr));
   },

   wgpuCommandEncoderResolveQuerySet: (encoderPtr, querySetPtr, firstQuery, queryCount, destinationPtr, destinationOffset) => {
     var commandEncoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     var querySet = WebGPU.getJsObject(querySetPtr);
     var destination = WebGPU.getJsObject(destinationPtr);

     commandEncoder.resolveQuerySet(querySet, firstQuery, queryCount, destination, destinationOffset);
   },

   wgpuCommandEncoderWriteTimestamp: (encoderPtr, querySetPtr, queryIndex) => {
     var commandEncoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     var querySet = WebGPU.getJsObject(querySetPtr);
     commandEncoder.writeTimestamp(querySet, queryIndex);
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of ComputePassEncoder
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuComputePassEncoderDispatchWorkgroups: (passPtr, x, y, z) => {
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     pass.dispatchWorkgroups(x, y, z);
   },

   wgpuComputePassEncoderDispatchWorkgroupsIndirect: (passPtr, indirectBufferPtr, indirectOffset) => {
     var indirectBuffer = WebGPU.getJsObject(indirectBufferPtr);
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     pass.dispatchWorkgroupsIndirect(indirectBuffer, indirectOffset);
   },

   wgpuComputePassEncoderEnd: (passPtr) => {
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     pass.end();
   },

   wgpuComputePassEncoderInsertDebugMarker2: (encoderPtr, markerLabelPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     encoder.insertDebugMarker(WebGPU.makeStringFromStringView(markerLabelPtr));
   },

   wgpuComputePassEncoderPopDebugGroup: (encoderPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     encoder.popDebugGroup();
   },

   wgpuComputePassEncoderPushDebugGroup2: (encoderPtr, groupLabelPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     encoder.pushDebugGroup(WebGPU.makeStringFromStringView(groupLabelPtr));
   },

   wgpuComputePassEncoderSetBindGroup: (passPtr, groupIndex, groupPtr, dynamicOffsetCount, dynamicOffsetsPtr) => {
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     var group = WebGPU.getJsObject(groupPtr);
     if (dynamicOffsetCount == 0) {
       pass.setBindGroup(groupIndex, group);
     } else {
       var offsets = [];
       for (var i = 0; i < dynamicOffsetCount; i++, dynamicOffsetsPtr += 4) {
         offsets.push({{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dynamicOffsetsPtr', 0) }}});
       }
       pass.setBindGroup(groupIndex, group, offsets);
     }
   },

   wgpuComputePassEncoderSetPipeline: (passPtr, pipelinePtr) => {
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     var pipeline = WebGPU.getJsObject(pipelinePtr);
     pass.setPipeline(pipeline);
   },

   wgpuComputePassEncoderWriteTimestamp: (encoderPtr, querySetPtr, queryIndex) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     var querySet = WebGPU.getJsObject(querySetPtr);
     encoder.writeTimestamp(querySet, queryIndex);
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of ComputePipeline
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuComputePipelineGetBindGroupLayout__deps: ['emwgpuCreateBindGroupLayout'],
   wgpuComputePipelineGetBindGroupLayout: (pipelinePtr, groupIndex) => {
     var pipeline = WebGPU.getJsObject(pipelinePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateBindGroupLayout();
     WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(ptr, pipeline.getBindGroupLayout(groupIndex));
     return ptr;
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of Device
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroup__deps: ['$readI53FromI64', 'emwgpuCreateBindGroup'],
   wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroup: (devicePtr, descriptor) => {
     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}

     function makeEntry(entryPtr) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheck('entryPtr') }}}

       var bufferPtr = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupEntry.buffer) }}};
       var samplerPtr = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupEntry.sampler) }}};
       var textureViewPtr = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupEntry.textureView) }}};
 #if ASSERTIONS
       assert((bufferPtr !== 0) + (samplerPtr !== 0) + (textureViewPtr !== 0) === 1);
 #endif

       var binding = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupEntry.binding) }}};

       if (bufferPtr) {
         var size = {{{ makeGetValue('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupEntry.size, 'i53') }}};
         {{{ gpu.convertSentinelToUndefined('size') }}}

         return {
           "binding": binding,
           "resource": {
             "buffer": WebGPU.getJsObject(bufferPtr),
             "offset": {{{ gpu.makeGetU64('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupEntry.offset) }}},
             "size": size
           },
         };
       } else if (samplerPtr) {
         return {
           "binding": binding,
           "resource": WebGPU.getJsObject(samplerPtr),
         };
       } else {
         return {
           "binding": binding,
           "resource": WebGPU.getJsObject(textureViewPtr),
         };
       }
     }

     function makeEntries(count, entriesPtrs) {
       var entries = [];
       for (var i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
         entries.push(makeEntry(entriesPtrs +
             {{{C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupEntry.__size__}}} * i));
       }
       return entries;
     }

     var desc = {
       "label": WebGPU.makeStringFromOptionalStringView(
         descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupDescriptor.label }}}),
       "layout": WebGPU.getJsObject(
         {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupDescriptor.layout, '*') }}}),
       "entries": makeEntries(
         {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupDescriptor.entryCount) }}},
         {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupDescriptor.entries, '*') }}}
       ),
     };

     var device = WebGPU.getJsObject(devicePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateBindGroup();
     WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(ptr, device.createBindGroup(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroupLayout__deps: ['emwgpuCreateBindGroupLayout'],
   wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroupLayout: (devicePtr, descriptor) => {
     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}

     function makeBufferEntry(entryPtr) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheck('entryPtr') }}}

       var typeInt =
         {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBufferBindingLayout.type) }}};
       if (!typeInt) return undefined;

       return {
         "type": WebGPU.BufferBindingType[typeInt],
         "hasDynamicOffset":
           {{{ gpu.makeGetBool('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBufferBindingLayout.hasDynamicOffset) }}},
         "minBindingSize":
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU64('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBufferBindingLayout.minBindingSize) }}},
       };
     }

     function makeSamplerEntry(entryPtr) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheck('entryPtr') }}}

       var typeInt =
         {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSamplerBindingLayout.type) }}};
       if (!typeInt) return undefined;

       return {
         "type": WebGPU.SamplerBindingType[typeInt],
       };
     }

     function makeTextureEntry(entryPtr) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheck('entryPtr') }}}

       var sampleTypeInt =
         {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureBindingLayout.sampleType) }}};
       if (!sampleTypeInt) return undefined;

       return {
         "sampleType": WebGPU.TextureSampleType[sampleTypeInt],
         "viewDimension": WebGPU.TextureViewDimension[
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureBindingLayout.viewDimension) }}}],
         "multisampled":
           {{{ gpu.makeGetBool('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureBindingLayout.multisampled) }}},
       };
     }

     function makeStorageTextureEntry(entryPtr) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheck('entryPtr') }}}

       var accessInt =
         {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUStorageTextureBindingLayout.access) }}}
       if (!accessInt) return undefined;

       return {
         "access": WebGPU.StorageTextureAccess[accessInt],
         "format": WebGPU.TextureFormat[
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUStorageTextureBindingLayout.format) }}}],
         "viewDimension": WebGPU.TextureViewDimension[
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUStorageTextureBindingLayout.viewDimension) }}}],
       };
     }

     function makeEntry(entryPtr) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheck('entryPtr') }}}

       return {
         "binding":
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry.binding) }}},
         "visibility":
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry.visibility) }}},
         "buffer": makeBufferEntry(entryPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry.buffer }}}),
         "sampler": makeSamplerEntry(entryPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry.sampler }}}),
         "texture": makeTextureEntry(entryPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry.texture }}}),
         "storageTexture": makeStorageTextureEntry(entryPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry.storageTexture }}}),
       };
     }

     function makeEntries(count, entriesPtrs) {
       var entries = [];
       for (var i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
         entries.push(makeEntry(entriesPtrs +
             {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry.__size__ }}} * i));
       }
       return entries;
     }

     var desc = {
       "label": WebGPU.makeStringFromOptionalStringView(
         descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupLayoutDescriptor.label }}}),
       "entries": makeEntries(
         {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupLayoutDescriptor.entryCount) }}},
         {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupLayoutDescriptor.entries, '*') }}}
       ),
     };

     var device = WebGPU.getJsObject(devicePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateBindGroupLayout();
     WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(ptr, device.createBindGroupLayout(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   emwgpuDeviceCreateBuffer__sig: 'vppp',
   emwgpuDeviceCreateBuffer: (devicePtr, descriptor, bufferPtr) => {
     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}

     var mappedAtCreation = {{{ gpu.makeGetBool('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBufferDescriptor.mappedAtCreation) }}};

     var desc = {
       "label": WebGPU.makeStringFromOptionalStringView(
         descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUBufferDescriptor.label }}}),
       "usage": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBufferDescriptor.usage) }}},
       "size": {{{ gpu.makeGetU64('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBufferDescriptor.size) }}},
       "mappedAtCreation": mappedAtCreation,
     };

     var device = WebGPU.getJsObject(devicePtr);
     WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(bufferPtr, device.createBuffer(desc));
     if (mappedAtCreation) {
       WebGPU.Internals.bufferOnUnmaps[bufferPtr] = [];
     }
   },

   wgpuDeviceCreateCommandEncoder__deps: ['emwgpuCreateCommandEncoder'],
   wgpuDeviceCreateCommandEncoder: (devicePtr, descriptor) => {
     var desc;
     if (descriptor) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}
       desc = {
         "label": WebGPU.makeStringFromOptionalStringView(
           descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUCommandEncoderDescriptor.label }}}),
       };
     }
     var device = WebGPU.getJsObject(devicePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateCommandEncoder();
     WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(ptr, device.createCommandEncoder(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuDeviceCreateComputePipeline__deps: ['emwgpuCreateComputePipeline'],
   wgpuDeviceCreateComputePipeline: (devicePtr, descriptor) => {
     var desc = WebGPU.makeComputePipelineDesc(descriptor);
     var device = WebGPU.getJsObject(devicePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateComputePipeline();
     WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(ptr, device.createComputePipeline(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   emwgpuDeviceCreateComputePipelineAsync__deps: ['emwgpuCreateComputePipeline', 'emwgpuOnCreateComputePipelineCompleted'],
   emwgpuDeviceCreateComputePipelineAsync__sig: 'vpjp',
   emwgpuDeviceCreateComputePipelineAsync: (devicePtr, futureId, descriptor) => {
     var desc = WebGPU.makeComputePipelineDesc(descriptor);
     var device = WebGPU.getJsObject(devicePtr);
     {{{ runtimeKeepalivePush() }}}
     WebGPU.Internals.futureInsert(futureId, device.createComputePipelineAsync(desc).then((pipeline) => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       var pipelinePtr = _emwgpuCreateComputePipeline();
       WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(pipelinePtr, pipeline);
       _emwgpuOnCreateComputePipelineCompleted(futureId, {{{ gpu.CreatePipelineAsyncStatus.Success }}}, pipelinePtr, 0);
     }, (pipelineError) => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       var sp = stackSave();
       var messagePtr = stringToUTF8OnStack(pipelineError.message);
       var status =
         pipeline.reason === 'validation' ? {{{ gpu.CreatePipelineAsyncStatus.ValidationError }}} :
         pipeline.reason === 'internal' ? {{{ gpu.CreatePipelineAsyncStatus.InternalError }}} :
         {{{ gpu.CreatePipelineAsyncStatus.Unknown }}};
       _emwgpuOnCreateComputePipelineCompleted(futureId, status, 0, messagePtr);
       stackRestore(sp);
     }));
   },

   wgpuDeviceCreatePipelineLayout__deps: ['emwgpuCreatePipelineLayout'],
   wgpuDeviceCreatePipelineLayout: (devicePtr, descriptor) => {
     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}
     var bglCount = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUPipelineLayoutDescriptor.bindGroupLayoutCount) }}};
     var bglPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUPipelineLayoutDescriptor.bindGroupLayouts, '*') }}};
     var bgls = [];
     for (var i = 0; i < bglCount; ++i) {
       bgls.push(WebGPU.getJsObject(
         {{{ makeGetValue('bglPtr', `${POINTER_SIZE} * i`, '*') }}}));
     }
     var desc = {
       "label": WebGPU.makeStringFromOptionalStringView(
         descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUPipelineLayoutDescriptor.label }}}),
       "bindGroupLayouts": bgls,
     };

     var device = WebGPU.getJsObject(devicePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreatePipelineLayout();
     WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(ptr, device.createPipelineLayout(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuDeviceCreateQuerySet__deps: ['emwgpuCreateQuerySet'],
   wgpuDeviceCreateQuerySet: (devicePtr, descriptor) => {
     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}

     var desc = {
       "type": WebGPU.QueryType[
         {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUQuerySetDescriptor.type) }}}],
       "count": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUQuerySetDescriptor.count) }}},
     };

     var device = WebGPU.getJsObject(devicePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateQuerySet();
     WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(ptr, device.createQuerySet(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuDeviceCreateRenderBundleEncoder__deps: ['emwgpuCreateRenderBundleEncoder'],
   wgpuDeviceCreateRenderBundleEncoder: (devicePtr, descriptor) => {
     {{{ gpu.makeCheck('descriptor') }}}

     function makeRenderBundleEncoderDescriptor(descriptor) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheck('descriptor') }}}

       function makeColorFormats(count, formatsPtr) {
         var formats = [];
         for (var i = 0; i < count; ++i, formatsPtr += 4) {
           // format could be undefined
           formats.push(WebGPU.TextureFormat[{{{ gpu.makeGetU32('formatsPtr', 0) }}}]);
         }
         return formats;
       }

       var desc = {
         "label": WebGPU.makeStringFromOptionalStringView(
           descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderBundleEncoderDescriptor.label }}}),
         "colorFormats": makeColorFormats(
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderBundleEncoderDescriptor.colorFormatCount) }}},
           {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderBundleEncoderDescriptor.colorFormats, '*') }}}),
         "depthStencilFormat": WebGPU.TextureFormat[{{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderBundleEncoderDescriptor.depthStencilFormat) }}}],
         "sampleCount": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderBundleEncoderDescriptor.sampleCount) }}},
         "depthReadOnly": {{{ gpu.makeGetBool('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderBundleEncoderDescriptor.depthReadOnly) }}},
         "stencilReadOnly": {{{ gpu.makeGetBool('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderBundleEncoderDescriptor.stencilReadOnly) }}},
       };
       return desc;
     }

     var desc = makeRenderBundleEncoderDescriptor(descriptor);
     var device = WebGPU.getJsObject(devicePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateRenderBundleEncoder();
     WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(ptr, device.createRenderBundleEncoder(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuDeviceCreateRenderPipeline__deps: ['emwgpuCreateRenderPipeline'],
   wgpuDeviceCreateRenderPipeline: (devicePtr, descriptor) => {
     var desc = WebGPU.makeRenderPipelineDesc(descriptor);
     var device = WebGPU.getJsObject(devicePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateRenderPipeline();
     WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(ptr, device.createRenderPipeline(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   emwgpuDeviceCreateRenderPipelineAsync__deps: ['emwgpuCreateRenderPipeline', 'emwgpuOnCreateRenderPipelineCompleted'],
   emwgpuDeviceCreateRenderPipelineAsync__sig: 'vpjp',
   emwgpuDeviceCreateRenderPipelineAsync: (devicePtr, futureId, descriptor) => {
     var desc = WebGPU.makeRenderPipelineDesc(descriptor);
     var device = WebGPU.getJsObject(devicePtr);
     {{{ runtimeKeepalivePush() }}}
     WebGPU.Internals.futureInsert(futureId, device.createRenderPipelineAsync(desc).then((pipeline) => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       var pipelinePtr = _emwgpuCreateRenderPipeline();
       WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(pipelinePtr, pipeline);
       _emwgpuOnCreateRenderPipelineCompleted(futureId, {{{ gpu.CreatePipelineAsyncStatus.Success }}}, pipelinePtr, 0);
     }, (pipelineError) => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       var sp = stackSave();
       var messagePtr = stringToUTF8OnStack(pipelineError.message);
       var status =
         pipeline.reason === 'validation' ? {{{ gpu.CreatePipelineAsyncStatus.ValidationError }}} :
         pipeline.reason === 'internal' ? {{{ gpu.CreatePipelineAsyncStatus.InternalError }}} :
         {{{ gpu.CreatePipelineAsyncStatus.Unknown }}};
         _emwgpuOnCreateRenderPipelineCompleted(futureId, status, 0, messagePtr);
       stackRestore(sp);
     }));
   },

   wgpuDeviceCreateSampler__deps: ['emwgpuCreateSampler'],
   wgpuDeviceCreateSampler: (devicePtr, descriptor) => {
     var desc;
     if (descriptor) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}

       desc = {
         "label": WebGPU.makeStringFromOptionalStringView(
           descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUSamplerDescriptor.label }}}),
         "addressModeU": WebGPU.AddressMode[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSamplerDescriptor.addressModeU) }}}],
         "addressModeV": WebGPU.AddressMode[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSamplerDescriptor.addressModeV) }}}],
         "addressModeW": WebGPU.AddressMode[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSamplerDescriptor.addressModeW) }}}],
         "magFilter": WebGPU.FilterMode[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSamplerDescriptor.magFilter) }}}],
         "minFilter": WebGPU.FilterMode[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSamplerDescriptor.minFilter) }}}],
         "mipmapFilter": WebGPU.MipmapFilterMode[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSamplerDescriptor.mipmapFilter) }}}],
         "lodMinClamp": {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSamplerDescriptor.lodMinClamp, 'float') }}},
         "lodMaxClamp": {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSamplerDescriptor.lodMaxClamp, 'float') }}},
         "compare": WebGPU.CompareFunction[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSamplerDescriptor.compare) }}}],
       };
     }

     var device = WebGPU.getJsObject(devicePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateSampler();
     WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(ptr, device.createSampler(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   emwgpuDeviceCreateShaderModule__sig: 'vppp',
   emwgpuDeviceCreateShaderModule: (devicePtr, descriptor, shaderModulePtr) => {
     {{{ gpu.makeCheck('descriptor') }}}
     var nextInChainPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUShaderModuleDescriptor.nextInChain, '*') }}};
 #if ASSERTIONS
     assert(nextInChainPtr !== 0);
 #endif
     var sType = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('nextInChainPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUChainedStruct.sType) }}};

     var desc = {
       "label": WebGPU.makeStringFromOptionalStringView(
         descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUShaderModuleDescriptor.label }}}),
       "code": "",
     };

     switch (sType) {
       case {{{ gpu.SType.ShaderSourceWGSL }}}: {
         desc["code"] = WebGPU.makeStringFromStringView(
           nextInChainPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUShaderSourceWGSL.code }}}
         );
         break;
       }
 #if ASSERTIONS
       default: abort('unrecognized ShaderModule sType');
 #endif
     }

     var device = WebGPU.getJsObject(devicePtr);
     WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(shaderModulePtr, device.createShaderModule(desc));
   },

   wgpuDeviceCreateTexture__deps: ['emwgpuCreateTexture'],
   wgpuDeviceCreateTexture: (devicePtr, descriptor) => {
     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}

     var desc = {
       "label": WebGPU.makeStringFromOptionalStringView(
         descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureDescriptor.label }}}),
       "size": WebGPU.makeExtent3D(descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureDescriptor.size }}}),
       "mipLevelCount": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureDescriptor.mipLevelCount) }}},
       "sampleCount": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureDescriptor.sampleCount) }}},
       "dimension": WebGPU.TextureDimension[
         {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureDescriptor.dimension) }}}],
       "format": WebGPU.TextureFormat[
         {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureDescriptor.format) }}}],
       "usage": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureDescriptor.usage) }}},
     };

     var viewFormatCount = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureDescriptor.viewFormatCount) }}};
     if (viewFormatCount) {
       var viewFormatsPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureDescriptor.viewFormats, '*') }}};
       // viewFormatsPtr pointer to an array of TextureFormat which is an enum of size uint32_t
       desc["viewFormats"] = Array.from({{{ makeHEAPView('32', 'viewFormatsPtr', `viewFormatsPtr + viewFormatCount * 4`) }}},
         function(format) { return WebGPU.TextureFormat[format]; });
     }

     var device = WebGPU.getJsObject(devicePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateTexture();
     WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(ptr, device.createTexture(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   emwgpuDeviceDestroy: (devicePtr) => {
     WebGPU.getJsObject(devicePtr).destroy()
   },

   wgpuDeviceGetFeatures__deps: ['malloc'],
   wgpuDeviceGetFeatures: (devicePtr, supportedFeatures) => {
     var device = WebGPU.getJsObject(devicePtr);

     // Always allocate enough space for all the features, though some may be unused.
     var featuresPtr = _malloc(device.features.size * 4);
     var offset = 0;
     var numFeatures = 0;
     device.features.forEach(feature => {
       var featureEnumValue = WebGPU.FeatureNameString2Enum[feature];
       if (featureEnumValue !== undefined) {
         {{{ makeSetValue('featuresPtr', 'offset', 'featureEnumValue', 'i32') }}};
         offset += 4;
         numFeatures++;
       }
     });
     {{{ makeSetValue('supportedFeatures', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSupportedFeatures.features, 'featuresPtr', '*') }}};
     {{{ makeSetValue('supportedFeatures', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSupportedFeatures.featureCount, 'numFeatures', '*') }}};
   },

   wgpuDeviceGetLimits: (devicePtr, limitsOutPtr) => {
     var device = WebGPU.getJsObject(devicePtr);
     WebGPU.fillLimitStruct(device.limits, limitsOutPtr);
     return 1;
   },

   wgpuDeviceHasFeature: (devicePtr, featureEnumValue) => {
     var device = WebGPU.getJsObject(devicePtr);
     return device.features.has(WebGPU.FeatureName[featureEnumValue]);
   },

   wgpuDeviceGetAdapterInfo__deps: ['$stringToNewUTF8', '$lengthBytesUTF8'],
   wgpuDeviceGetAdapterInfo: (devicePtr, adapterInfo) => {
     // TODO(crbug.com/377760848): Avoid duplicated code with wgpuAdapterGetInfo,
     // for example by deferring to wgpuAdapterGetInfo from webgpu.cpp.
     var device = WebGPU.getJsObject(devicePtr);
     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('adapterInfo') }}}

     // Append all the strings together to condense into a single malloc.
     var strs = device.adapterInfo.vendor + device.adapterInfo.architecture + device.adapterInfo.device + device.adapterInfo.description;
     var strPtr = stringToNewUTF8(strs);

     var vendorLen = lengthBytesUTF8(device.adapterInfo.vendor);
     WebGPU.setStringView(adapterInfo + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterInfo.vendor }}}, strPtr, vendorLen);
     strPtr += vendorLen;

     var architectureLen = lengthBytesUTF8(device.adapterInfo.architecture);
     WebGPU.setStringView(adapterInfo + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterInfo.architecture }}}, strPtr, architectureLen);
     strPtr += architectureLen;

     var deviceLen = lengthBytesUTF8(device.adapterInfo.device);
     WebGPU.setStringView(adapterInfo + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterInfo.device }}}, strPtr, deviceLen);
     strPtr += deviceLen;

     var descriptionLen = lengthBytesUTF8(device.adapterInfo.description);
     WebGPU.setStringView(adapterInfo + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterInfo.description }}}, strPtr, descriptionLen);
     strPtr += descriptionLen;

     {{{ makeSetValue('adapterInfo', C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterInfo.backendType, gpu.BackendType.WebGPU, 'i32') }}};
     // TODO: Set the adapter type from adapter.isFallbackAdapter (not easily available here).
     var adapterType = {{{ gpu.AdapterType.Unknown }}};
     {{{ makeSetValue('adapterInfo', C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterInfo.adapterType, 'adapterType', 'i32') }}};
     {{{ makeSetValue('adapterInfo', C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterInfo.vendorID, '0', 'i32') }}};
     {{{ makeSetValue('adapterInfo', C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterInfo.deviceID, '0', 'i32') }}};
   },

   emwgpuDevicePopErrorScope__deps: ['emwgpuOnPopErrorScopeCompleted'],
   emwgpuDevicePopErrorScope__sig: 'vpj',
   emwgpuDevicePopErrorScope: (devicePtr, futureId) => {
     var device = WebGPU.getJsObject(devicePtr);
     {{{ runtimeKeepalivePush() }}}
     WebGPU.Internals.futureInsert(futureId, device.popErrorScope().then((gpuError) => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       var type = {{{ gpu.ErrorType.Unknown }}};
       if (!gpuError) type = {{{ gpu.ErrorType.NoError }}};
       else if (gpuError instanceof GPUValidationError) type = {{{ gpu.ErrorType.Validation }}};
       else if (gpuError instanceof GPUOutOfMemoryError) type = {{{ gpu.ErrorType.OutOfMemory }}};
       else if (gpuError instanceof GPUInternalError) type = {{{ gpu.ErrorType.Internal }}};
 #if ASSERTIONS
       else assert(false);
 #endif
       var sp = stackSave();
       var messagePtr = gpuError ? stringToUTF8OnStack(gpuError.message) : 0;
       _emwgpuOnPopErrorScopeCompleted(futureId, {{{ gpu.PopErrorScopeStatus.Success }}}, type, messagePtr);
       stackRestore(sp);
     }, (ex) => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       var sp = stackSave();
       var messagePtr = stringToUTF8OnStack(ex.message);
       _emwgpuOnPopErrorScopeCompleted(futureId, {{{ gpu.PopErrorScopeStatus.Success }}}, {{{ gpu.ErrorType.Unknown }}}, messagePtr);
       stackRestore(sp);
     }));
   },

   wgpuDevicePushErrorScope: (devicePtr, filter) => {
     var device = WebGPU.getJsObject(devicePtr);
     device.pushErrorScope(WebGPU.ErrorFilter[filter]);
   },

   // TODO(42241415) Remove this after verifying that it's not used and/or updating users.
   wgpuDeviceSetUncapturedErrorCallback__deps: ['$callUserCallback'],
   wgpuDeviceSetUncapturedErrorCallback: (devicePtr, callback, userdata) => {
     var device = WebGPU.getJsObject(devicePtr);
     device.onuncapturederror = function(ev) {
       // This will skip the callback if the runtime is no longer alive.
       callUserCallback(() => {
         // WGPUErrorType type, const char* message, void* userdata
         var Validation = 0x00000001;
         var OutOfMemory = 0x00000002;
         var type;
 #if ASSERTIONS
         assert(typeof GPUValidationError != 'undefined');
         assert(typeof GPUOutOfMemoryError != 'undefined');
 #endif
         if (ev.error instanceof GPUValidationError) type = Validation;
         else if (ev.error instanceof GPUOutOfMemoryError) type = OutOfMemory;
         // TODO: Implement GPUInternalError

         WebGPU.errorCallback(callback, type, ev.error.message, userdata);
       });
     };
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of Instance
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuInstanceCreateSurface__deps: ['$findCanvasEventTarget', 'emwgpuCreateSurface'],
   wgpuInstanceCreateSurface: (instancePtr, descriptor) => {
     {{{ gpu.makeCheck('descriptor') }}}
     var nextInChainPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceDescriptor.nextInChain, '*') }}};
 #if ASSERTIONS
     assert(nextInChainPtr !== 0);
     assert({{{ gpu.SType.SurfaceSourceCanvasHTMLSelector_Emscripten }}} ===
       {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('nextInChainPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUChainedStruct.sType) }}});
 #endif
     var sourceCanvasHTMLSelector = nextInChainPtr;

     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('sourceCanvasHTMLSelector') }}}
     var selectorPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('sourceCanvasHTMLSelector', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceSourceCanvasHTMLSelector_Emscripten.selector, '*') }}};
     {{{ gpu.makeCheck('selectorPtr') }}}
     var canvas = findCanvasEventTarget(selectorPtr);
 #if OFFSCREENCANVAS_SUPPORT
     if (canvas.offscreenCanvas) canvas = canvas.offscreenCanvas;
 #endif
     var context = canvas.getContext('webgpu');
 #if ASSERTIONS
     assert(context);
 #endif
     if (!context) return 0;

     context.surfaceLabelWebGPU = WebGPU.makeStringFromOptionalStringView(
       descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceDescriptor.label }}}
     );

     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateSurface();
     WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(ptr, context);
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuInstanceHasWGSLLanguageFeature: (instance, featureEnumValue) => {
     if (!('wgslLanguageFeatures' in navigator["gpu"])) {
       return false;
     }
     return navigator["gpu"]["wgslLanguageFeatures"].has(WebGPU.WGSLFeatureName[featureEnumValue]);
   },

   emwgpuInstanceRequestAdapter__deps: ['emwgpuCreateAdapter', 'emwgpuOnRequestAdapterCompleted'],
   emwgpuInstanceRequestAdapter__sig: 'vpjp',
   emwgpuInstanceRequestAdapter: (instancePtr, futureId, options) => {
     var opts;
     if (options) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('options') }}}
       opts = {
         "powerPreference": WebGPU.PowerPreference[
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('options', C_STRUCTS.WGPURequestAdapterOptions.powerPreference) }}}],
         "forceFallbackAdapter":
           {{{ gpu.makeGetBool('options', C_STRUCTS.WGPURequestAdapterOptions.forceFallbackAdapter) }}},
       };
     }

     if (!('gpu' in navigator)) {
       var sp = stackSave();
       var messagePtr = stringToUTF8OnStack('WebGPU not available on this browser (navigator.gpu is not available)');
       _emwgpuOnRequestAdapterCompleted(futureId, {{{ gpu.RequestAdapterStatus.Unavailable }}}, 0, messagePtr);
       stackRestore(sp);
       return;
     }

     {{{ runtimeKeepalivePush() }}}
     WebGPU.Internals.futureInsert(futureId, navigator["gpu"]["requestAdapter"](opts).then((adapter) => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       if (adapter) {
         var adapterPtr = _emwgpuCreateAdapter(instancePtr);
         WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(adapterPtr, adapter);
         _emwgpuOnRequestAdapterCompleted(futureId, {{{ gpu.RequestAdapterStatus.Success }}}, adapterPtr, 0);
       } else {
         var sp = stackSave();
         var messagePtr = stringToUTF8OnStack('WebGPU not available on this browser (requestAdapter returned null)');
         _emwgpuOnRequestAdapterCompleted(futureId, {{{ gpu.RequestAdapterStatus.Unavailable }}}, 0, messagePtr);
         stackRestore(sp);
       }
     }, (ex) => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       var sp = stackSave();
       var messagePtr = stringToUTF8OnStack(ex.message);
       _emwgpuOnRequestAdapterCompleted(futureId, {{{ gpu.RequestAdapterStatus.Error }}}, 0, messagePtr);
       stackRestore(sp);
     }));
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of PipelineLayout
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of QuerySet
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuQuerySetDestroy: (querySetPtr) => {
     WebGPU.getJsObject(querySetPtr).destroy();
   },

   wgpuQuerySetGetCount: (querySetPtr) => {
     var querySet = WebGPU.getJsObject(querySetPtr);
     return querySet.count;
   },

   wgpuQuerySetGetType: (querySetPtr, labelPtr) => {
     var querySet = WebGPU.getJsObject(querySetPtr);
     return querySet.type;
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of Queue
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   emwgpuQueueOnSubmittedWorkDone__deps: ['emwgpuOnWorkDoneCompleted'],
   emwgpuQueueOnSubmittedWorkDone__sig: 'vpj',
   emwgpuQueueOnSubmittedWorkDone: (queuePtr, futureId) => {
     var queue = WebGPU.getJsObject(queuePtr);

     {{{ runtimeKeepalivePush() }}}
     WebGPU.Internals.futureInsert(futureId, queue.onSubmittedWorkDone().then(() => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       _emwgpuOnWorkDoneCompleted(futureId, {{{ gpu.QueueWorkDoneStatus.Success }}});
     }, () => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       _emwgpuOnWorkDoneCompleted(futureId, {{{ gpu.QueueWorkDoneStatus.Error }}});
     }));
   },

   wgpuQueueSubmit: (queuePtr, commandCount, commands) => {
 #if ASSERTIONS
     assert(commands % 4 === 0);
 #endif
     var queue = WebGPU.getJsObject(queuePtr);
     var cmds = Array.from({{{ makeHEAPView(`${POINTER_BITS}`, 'commands', `commands + commandCount * ${POINTER_SIZE}`)}}},
       (id) => WebGPU.getJsObject(id));
     queue.submit(cmds);
   },

   wgpuQueueWriteBuffer: (queuePtr, bufferPtr, bufferOffset, data, size) => {
     var queue = WebGPU.getJsObject(queuePtr);
     var buffer = WebGPU.getJsObject(bufferPtr);
     // There is a size limitation for ArrayBufferView. Work around by passing in a subarray
     // instead of the whole heap. crbug.com/1201109
     var subarray = HEAPU8.subarray(data, data + size);
     queue.writeBuffer(buffer, bufferOffset, subarray, 0, size);
   },

   wgpuQueueWriteTexture: (queuePtr, destinationPtr, data, dataSize, dataLayoutPtr, writeSizePtr) => {
     var queue = WebGPU.getJsObject(queuePtr);

     var destination = WebGPU.makeImageCopyTexture(destinationPtr);
     var dataLayout = WebGPU.makeTextureDataLayout(dataLayoutPtr);
     var writeSize = WebGPU.makeExtent3D(writeSizePtr);
     // This subarray isn't strictly necessary, but helps work around an issue
     // where Chromium makes a copy of the entire heap. crbug.com/1134457
     var subarray = HEAPU8.subarray(data, data + dataSize);
     queue.writeTexture(destination, subarray, dataLayout, writeSize);
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of RenderBundle
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of RenderBundleEncoder
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderDraw: (passPtr, vertexCount, instanceCount, firstVertex, firstInstance) => {
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     pass.draw(vertexCount, instanceCount, firstVertex, firstInstance);
   },

   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderDrawIndexed: (passPtr, indexCount, instanceCount, firstIndex, baseVertex, firstInstance) => {
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     pass.drawIndexed(indexCount, instanceCount, firstIndex, baseVertex, firstInstance);
   },

   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderDrawIndexedIndirect: (passPtr, indirectBufferPtr, indirectOffset) => {
     var indirectBuffer = WebGPU.getJsObject(indirectBufferPtr);
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     pass.drawIndexedIndirect(indirectBuffer, indirectOffset);
   },

   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderDrawIndirect: (passPtr, indirectBufferPtr, indirectOffset) => {
     var indirectBuffer = WebGPU.getJsObject(indirectBufferPtr);
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     pass.drawIndirect(indirectBuffer, indirectOffset);
   },

   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderFinish__deps: ['emwgpuCreateRenderBundle'],
   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderFinish: (encoderPtr, descriptor) => {
     var desc;
     if (descriptor) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}
       desc = {
         "label": WebGPU.makeStringFromOptionalStringView(
           descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderBundleDescriptor.label }}}),
       };
     }
     var encoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateRenderBundle();
     WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(ptr, encoder.finish(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderInsertDebugMarker2: (encoderPtr, markerLabelPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     encoder.insertDebugMarker(WebGPU.makeStringFromStringView(markerLabelPtr));
   },

   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderPopDebugGroup: (encoderPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     encoder.popDebugGroup();
   },

   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderPushDebugGroup2: (encoderPtr, groupLabelPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     encoder.pushDebugGroup(WebGPU.makeStringFromStringView(groupLabelPtr));
   },

   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderSetBindGroup: (passPtr, groupIndex, groupPtr, dynamicOffsetCount, dynamicOffsetsPtr) => {
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     var group = WebGPU.getJsObject(groupPtr);
     if (dynamicOffsetCount == 0) {
       pass.setBindGroup(groupIndex, group);
     } else {
       var offsets = [];
       for (var i = 0; i < dynamicOffsetCount; i++, dynamicOffsetsPtr += 4) {
         offsets.push({{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dynamicOffsetsPtr', 0) }}});
       }
       pass.setBindGroup(groupIndex, group, offsets);
     }
   },

   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderSetIndexBuffer: (passPtr, bufferPtr, format, offset, size) => {
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     var buffer = WebGPU.getJsObject(bufferPtr);
     {{{ gpu.convertSentinelToUndefined('size') }}}
     pass.setIndexBuffer(buffer, WebGPU.IndexFormat[format], offset, size);
   },

   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderSetPipeline: (passPtr, pipelinePtr) => {
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     var pipeline = WebGPU.getJsObject(pipelinePtr);
     pass.setPipeline(pipeline);
   },

   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderSetVertexBuffer: (passPtr, slot, bufferPtr, offset, size) => {
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     var buffer = WebGPU.getJsObject(bufferPtr);
     {{{ gpu.convertSentinelToUndefined('size') }}}
     pass.setVertexBuffer(slot, buffer, offset, size);
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of RenderPassEncoder
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderBeginOcclusionQuery: (passPtr, queryIndex) => {
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     pass.beginOcclusionQuery(queryIndex);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderDraw: (passPtr, vertexCount, instanceCount, firstVertex, firstInstance) => {
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     pass.draw(vertexCount, instanceCount, firstVertex, firstInstance);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderDrawIndexed: (passPtr, indexCount, instanceCount, firstIndex, baseVertex, firstInstance) => {
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     pass.drawIndexed(indexCount, instanceCount, firstIndex, baseVertex, firstInstance);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderDrawIndexedIndirect: (passPtr, indirectBufferPtr, indirectOffset) => {
     var indirectBuffer = WebGPU.getJsObject(indirectBufferPtr);
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     pass.drawIndexedIndirect(indirectBuffer, indirectOffset);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderDrawIndirect: (passPtr, indirectBufferPtr, indirectOffset) => {
     var indirectBuffer = WebGPU.getJsObject(indirectBufferPtr);
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     pass.drawIndirect(indirectBuffer, indirectOffset);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderEnd: (encoderPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     encoder.end();
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderEndOcclusionQuery: (passPtr) => {
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     pass.endOcclusionQuery();
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderExecuteBundles: (passPtr, count, bundlesPtr) => {
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);

 #if ASSERTIONS
     assert(bundlesPtr % 4 === 0);
 #endif

     var bundles = Array.from({{{ makeHEAPView(`${POINTER_BITS}`, 'bundlesPtr', `bundlesPtr + count * ${POINTER_SIZE}`) }}},
       (id) => WebGPU.getJsObject(id));
     pass.executeBundles(bundles);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderInsertDebugMarker2: (encoderPtr, markerLabelPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     encoder.insertDebugMarker(WebGPU.makeStringFromStringView(markerLabelPtr));
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderPopDebugGroup: (encoderPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     encoder.popDebugGroup();
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderPushDebugGroup2: (encoderPtr, groupLabelPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     encoder.pushDebugGroup(WebGPU.makeStringFromStringView(groupLabelPtr));
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetBindGroup: (passPtr, groupIndex, groupPtr, dynamicOffsetCount, dynamicOffsetsPtr) => {
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     var group = WebGPU.getJsObject(groupPtr);
     if (dynamicOffsetCount == 0) {
       pass.setBindGroup(groupIndex, group);
     } else {
       var offsets = [];
       for (var i = 0; i < dynamicOffsetCount; i++, dynamicOffsetsPtr += 4) {
         offsets.push({{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dynamicOffsetsPtr', 0) }}});
       }
       pass.setBindGroup(groupIndex, group, offsets);
     }
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetBlendConstant: (passPtr, colorPtr) => {
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     var color = WebGPU.makeColor(colorPtr);
     pass.setBlendConstant(color);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetIndexBuffer: (passPtr, bufferPtr, format, offset, size) => {
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     var buffer = WebGPU.getJsObject(bufferPtr);
     {{{ gpu.convertSentinelToUndefined('size') }}}
     pass.setIndexBuffer(buffer, WebGPU.IndexFormat[format], offset, size);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetPipeline: (passPtr, pipelinePtr) => {
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     var pipeline = WebGPU.getJsObject(pipelinePtr);
     pass.setPipeline(pipeline);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetScissorRect: (passPtr, x, y, w, h) => {
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     pass.setScissorRect(x, y, w, h);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetStencilReference: (passPtr, reference) => {
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     pass.setStencilReference(reference);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetVertexBuffer: (passPtr, slot, bufferPtr, offset, size) => {
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     var buffer = WebGPU.getJsObject(bufferPtr);
     {{{ gpu.convertSentinelToUndefined('size') }}}
     pass.setVertexBuffer(slot, buffer, offset, size);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetViewport: (passPtr, x, y, w, h, minDepth, maxDepth) => {
     var pass = WebGPU.getJsObject(passPtr);
     pass.setViewport(x, y, w, h, minDepth, maxDepth);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderWriteTimestamp: (encoderPtr, querySetPtr, queryIndex) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU.getJsObject(encoderPtr);
     var querySet = WebGPU.getJsObject(querySetPtr);
     encoder.writeTimestamp(querySet, queryIndex);
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of RenderPipeline
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuRenderPipelineGetBindGroupLayout__deps: ['emwgpuCreateBindGroupLayout'],
   wgpuRenderPipelineGetBindGroupLayout: (pipelinePtr, groupIndex) => {
     var pipeline = WebGPU.getJsObject(pipelinePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateBindGroupLayout();
     WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(ptr, pipeline.getBindGroupLayout(groupIndex));
     return ptr;
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of Sampler
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of ShaderModule
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   emwgpuShaderModuleGetCompilationInfo__deps: ['emwgpuOnCompilationInfoCompleted', '$stringToUTF8', '$lengthBytesUTF8', 'malloc'],
   emwgpuShaderModuleGetCompilationInfo__sig: 'vpjp',
   emwgpuShaderModuleGetCompilationInfo: (shaderModulePtr, futureId, compilationInfoPtr) => {
     var shaderModule = WebGPU.getJsObject(shaderModulePtr);
     {{{ runtimeKeepalivePush() }}}
     WebGPU.Internals.futureInsert(futureId, shaderModule.getCompilationInfo().then((compilationInfo) => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       // Calculate the total length of strings and offsets here to malloc them
       // all at once. Note that we start at 1 instead of 0 for the total size
       // to ensure there's enough space for the null terminator that is always
       // added by stringToUTF8.
       var totalMessagesSize = 1;
       var messageLengths = [];
       for (var i = 0; i < compilationInfo.messages.length; ++i) {
         var messageLength = lengthBytesUTF8(compilationInfo.messages[i].message);
         totalMessagesSize += messageLength;
         messageLengths.push(messageLength);
       }
       var messagesPtr = _malloc(totalMessagesSize);

       // Allocate and fill out each CompilationMessage.
       var compilationMessagesPtr = _malloc({{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationMessage.__size__ }}} * compilationInfo.messages.length);
       for (var i = 0; i < compilationInfo.messages.length; ++i) {
         var compilationMessage = compilationInfo.messages[i];
         var compilationMessagePtr = compilationMessagesPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationMessage.__size__ }}} * i;

         // Write out the values to the CompilationMessage.
         WebGPU.setStringView(compilationMessagePtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationMessage.message }}}, messagesPtr, messageLengths[i]);
         {{{ makeSetValue('compilationMessagePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationMessage.type, 'WebGPU.Int_CompilationMessageType[compilationMessage.type]', 'i32') }}};
         {{{ makeSetValue('compilationMessagePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationMessage.lineNum, 'compilationMessage.lineNum', 'i64') }}};
         {{{ makeSetValue('compilationMessagePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationMessage.linePos, 'compilationMessage.linePos', 'i64') }}};
         {{{ makeSetValue('compilationMessagePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationMessage.offset, 'compilationMessage.offset', 'i64') }}};
         {{{ makeSetValue('compilationMessagePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationMessage.length, 'compilationMessage.length', 'i64') }}};
         // TODO: Convert JavaScript's UTF-16-code-unit offsets to UTF-8-code-unit offsets.
         // https://github.com/webgpu-native/webgpu-headers/issues/246
         {{{ makeSetValue('compilationMessagePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationMessage.utf16LinePos, 'compilationMessage.linePos', 'i64') }}};
         {{{ makeSetValue('compilationMessagePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationMessage.utf16Offset, 'compilationMessage.offset', 'i64') }}};
         {{{ makeSetValue('compilationMessagePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationMessage.utf16Length, 'compilationMessage.length', 'i64') }}};

         // Write the string out to the allocated buffer. Note we have to add 1
         // to the length of the string to ensure enough space for the null
         // terminator. However, we only increment the pointer by the exact
         // length so we overwrite the null terminators except for the last one.
         stringToUTF8(compilationMessage.message, messagesPtr, messageLengths[i] + 1);
         messagesPtr += messageLengths[i];
       }

       // Allocate and fill out the wrapping CompilationInfo struct.
       {{{ makeSetValue('compilationInfoPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationInfo.messageCount, 'compilationInfo.messages.length', '*') }}}
       {{{ makeSetValue('compilationInfoPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationInfo.messages, 'compilationMessagesPtr', '*') }}};

       _emwgpuOnCompilationInfoCompleted(futureId, {{{ gpu.CompilationInfoRequestStatus.Success }}}, compilationInfoPtr);
     }, () => {
       _emwgpuOnCompilationInfoCompleted(futureId, {{{ gpu.CompilationInfoRequestStatus.Error }}}, compilationInfoPtr);
     }));
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of Surface
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuSurfaceConfigure: (surfacePtr, config) => {
     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('config') }}}
     var devicePtr = {{{ makeGetValue('config', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceConfiguration.device, '*') }}};
     var context = WebGPU.getJsObject(surfacePtr);

 #if ASSERTIONS
     var viewFormatCount = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('config', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceConfiguration.viewFormatCount) }}};
     var viewFormats = {{{ makeGetValue('config', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceConfiguration.viewFormats, '*') }}};
     assert(viewFormatCount === 0 && viewFormats === 0, "TODO: Support viewFormats.");
     assert({{{ gpu.PresentMode.Fifo }}} ===
       {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('config', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceConfiguration.presentMode) }}});
 #endif

     var canvasSize = [
       {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('config', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceConfiguration.width) }}},
       {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('config', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceConfiguration.height) }}}
     ];

     if (canvasSize[0] !== 0) {
       context["canvas"]["width"] = canvasSize[0];
     }

     if (canvasSize[1] !== 0) {
       context["canvas"]["height"] = canvasSize[1];
     }

     var configuration = {
       "device": WebGPU.getJsObject(devicePtr),
       "format": WebGPU.TextureFormat[
         {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('config', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceConfiguration.format) }}}],
       "usage": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('config', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceConfiguration.usage) }}},
       "alphaMode": WebGPU.CompositeAlphaMode[
         {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('config', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceConfiguration.alphaMode) }}}],
     };
     context.configure(configuration);
   },

   wgpuSurfaceGetCurrentTexture__deps: ['emwgpuCreateTexture'],
   wgpuSurfaceGetCurrentTexture: (surfacePtr, surfaceTexturePtr) => {
     {{{ gpu.makeCheck('surfaceTexturePtr') }}}
     var context = WebGPU.getJsObject(surfacePtr);

     try {
       var texturePtr = _emwgpuCreateTexture();
       WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(texturePtr, context.getCurrentTexture());
       {{{ makeSetValue('surfaceTexturePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceTexture.texture, 'texturePtr', '*') }}};
       {{{ makeSetValue('surfaceTexturePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceTexture.suboptimal, '0', 'i32') }}};
       {{{ makeSetValue('surfaceTexturePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceTexture.status,
         gpu.SurfaceGetCurrentTextureStatus.Success, 'i32') }}};
     } catch (ex) {
 #if ASSERTIONS
       err(`wgpuSurfaceGetCurrentTexture() failed: ${ex}`);
 #endif
       {{{ makeSetValue('surfaceTexturePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceTexture.texture, '0', '*') }}};
       {{{ makeSetValue('surfaceTexturePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceTexture.suboptimal, '0', 'i32') }}};
       // TODO(https://github.com/webgpu-native/webgpu-headers/issues/291): What should the status be here?
       {{{ makeSetValue('surfaceTexturePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceTexture.status,
         gpu.SurfaceGetCurrentTextureStatus.DeviceLost, 'i32') }}};
     }
   },

   wgpuSurfacePresent: (surfacePtr) => {
     // TODO: This could probably be emulated with ASYNCIFY.
     abort('wgpuSurfacePresent is unsupported (use requestAnimationFrame via html5.h instead)');
   },

   wgpuSurfaceUnconfigure: (surfacePtr) => {
     var context = WebGPU.getJsObject(surfacePtr);
     context.unconfigure();
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of Texture
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuTextureCreateView__deps: ['emwgpuCreateTextureView'],
   wgpuTextureCreateView: (texturePtr, descriptor) => {
     var desc;
     if (descriptor) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}
       var mipLevelCount = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureViewDescriptor.mipLevelCount) }}};
       var arrayLayerCount = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureViewDescriptor.arrayLayerCount) }}};
       desc = {
         "label": WebGPU.makeStringFromOptionalStringView(
           descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureViewDescriptor.label }}}),
         "format": WebGPU.TextureFormat[
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureViewDescriptor.format) }}}],
         "dimension": WebGPU.TextureViewDimension[
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureViewDescriptor.dimension) }}}],
         "baseMipLevel": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureViewDescriptor.baseMipLevel) }}},
         "mipLevelCount": mipLevelCount === {{{ gpu.MIP_LEVEL_COUNT_UNDEFINED }}} ? undefined : mipLevelCount,
         "baseArrayLayer": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureViewDescriptor.baseArrayLayer) }}},
         "arrayLayerCount": arrayLayerCount === {{{ gpu.ARRAY_LAYER_COUNT_UNDEFINED }}} ? undefined : arrayLayerCount,
         "aspect": WebGPU.TextureAspect[
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureViewDescriptor.aspect) }}}],
       };
     }

     var texture = WebGPU.getJsObject(texturePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateTextureView();
     WebGPU.Internals.jsObjectInsert(ptr, texture.createView(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuTextureDestroy: (texturePtr) => {
     WebGPU.getJsObject(texturePtr).destroy();
   },

   wgpuTextureGetDepthOrArrayLayers: (texturePtr) => {
     var texture = WebGPU.getJsObject(texturePtr);
     return texture.depthOrArrayLayers;
   },

   wgpuTextureGetDimension: (texturePtr) => {
     var texture = WebGPU.getJsObject(texturePtr);
     return WebGPU.TextureDimension.indexOf(texture.dimension);
   },

   wgpuTextureGetFormat: (texturePtr) => {
     var texture = WebGPU.getJsObject(texturePtr);
     // Should return the enum integer instead of string.
     return WebGPU.TextureFormat.indexOf(texture.format);
   },

   wgpuTextureGetHeight: (texturePtr) => {
     var texture = WebGPU.getJsObject(texturePtr);
     return texture.height;
   },

   wgpuTextureGetMipLevelCount: (texturePtr) => {
     var texture = WebGPU.getJsObject(texturePtr);
     return texture.mipLevelCount;
   },

   wgpuTextureGetSampleCount: (texturePtr) => {
     var texture = WebGPU.getJsObject(texturePtr);
     return texture.sampleCount;
   },

   wgpuTextureGetUsage: (texturePtr) => {
     var texture = WebGPU.getJsObject(texturePtr);
     return texture.usage;
   },

   wgpuTextureGetWidth: (texturePtr) => {
     var texture = WebGPU.getJsObject(texturePtr);
     return texture.width;
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of TextureView
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 };

 // Inverted index used by GetFeatures/HasFeature
 LibraryWebGPU.$WebGPU.FeatureNameString2Enum = {};
 for (var value in LibraryWebGPU.$WebGPU.FeatureName) {
   LibraryWebGPU.$WebGPU.FeatureNameString2Enum[LibraryWebGPU.$WebGPU.FeatureName[value]] = value;
 }

 // Add and set __i53abi to true for functions with 64-bit value in their
 // signatures, if not explicitly set otherwise.
 for (const key of Object.keys(LibraryWebGPU)) {
   if (typeof LibraryWebGPU[key] !== 'function') continue;
   if (key + '__i53abi' in LibraryWebGPU) continue;
   const sigKey = key + '__sig';
   const sig = LibraryWebGPU[sigKey] ? LibraryWebGPU[sigKey] : LibraryManager.library[sigKey];
   if (!sig?.includes('j')) continue;
   LibraryWebGPU[key + '__i53abi'] = true;
 }

 // Based on autoAddDeps, this helper iterates the object and moves the
 // deps upwards into targetDeps and remove them from the object.
 function moveDeps(object, targetDeps) {
   for (var item in object) {
     if (!item.endsWith('__deps')) {
       if (object[item + '__deps']) {
         targetDeps.push(...object[item + '__deps']);
         delete object[item + '__deps']
       }
     }
   }
 }
 moveDeps(LibraryWebGPU.$WebGPU, LibraryWebGPU.$WebGPU__deps)

 autoAddDeps(LibraryWebGPU, '$WebGPU');
 mergeInto(LibraryManager.library, LibraryWebGPU);