| // Copyright 2021 The Tint Authors. | 
 | // | 
 | // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); | 
 | // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. | 
 | // You may obtain a copy of the License at | 
 | // | 
 | //     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 | 
 | // | 
 | // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software | 
 | // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, | 
 | // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. | 
 | // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and | 
 | // limitations under the License. | 
 |  | 
 | #include "src/writer/wgsl/generator_impl.h" | 
 |  | 
 | #include <algorithm> | 
 | #include <limits> | 
 |  | 
 | #include "src/ast/bool_literal.h" | 
 | #include "src/ast/call_statement.h" | 
 | #include "src/ast/constant_id_decoration.h" | 
 | #include "src/ast/float_literal.h" | 
 | #include "src/ast/internal_decoration.h" | 
 | #include "src/ast/module.h" | 
 | #include "src/ast/sint_literal.h" | 
 | #include "src/ast/stage_decoration.h" | 
 | #include "src/ast/stride_decoration.h" | 
 | #include "src/ast/struct_member_align_decoration.h" | 
 | #include "src/ast/struct_member_offset_decoration.h" | 
 | #include "src/ast/struct_member_size_decoration.h" | 
 | #include "src/ast/uint_literal.h" | 
 | #include "src/ast/variable_decl_statement.h" | 
 | #include "src/ast/workgroup_decoration.h" | 
 | #include "src/semantic/function.h" | 
 | #include "src/semantic/struct.h" | 
 | #include "src/semantic/variable.h" | 
 | #include "src/type/access_control_type.h" | 
 | #include "src/type/alias_type.h" | 
 | #include "src/type/array_type.h" | 
 | #include "src/type/bool_type.h" | 
 | #include "src/type/depth_texture_type.h" | 
 | #include "src/type/f32_type.h" | 
 | #include "src/type/i32_type.h" | 
 | #include "src/type/matrix_type.h" | 
 | #include "src/type/multisampled_texture_type.h" | 
 | #include "src/type/pointer_type.h" | 
 | #include "src/type/sampled_texture_type.h" | 
 | #include "src/type/u32_type.h" | 
 | #include "src/type/vector_type.h" | 
 | #include "src/type/void_type.h" | 
 | #include "src/utils/math.h" | 
 | #include "src/writer/float_to_string.h" | 
 |  | 
 | namespace tint { | 
 | namespace writer { | 
 | namespace wgsl { | 
 |  | 
 | GeneratorImpl::GeneratorImpl(const Program* program) | 
 |     : TextGenerator(), program_(program) {} | 
 |  | 
 | GeneratorImpl::~GeneratorImpl() = default; | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::Generate(const ast::Function* entry) { | 
 |   // Generate global declarations in the order they appear in the module. | 
 |   for (auto* decl : program_->AST().GlobalDeclarations()) { | 
 |     if (auto* ty = decl->As<type::Type>()) { | 
 |       if (!EmitConstructedType(ty)) { | 
 |         return false; | 
 |       } | 
 |     } else if (auto* func = decl->As<ast::Function>()) { | 
 |       if (entry && func != entry) { | 
 |         // Skip functions that are not reachable by the target entry point. | 
 |         auto* sem = program_->Sem().Get(func); | 
 |         if (!sem->HasAncestorEntryPoint(entry->symbol())) { | 
 |           continue; | 
 |         } | 
 |       } | 
 |       if (!EmitFunction(func)) { | 
 |         return false; | 
 |       } | 
 |     } else if (auto* var = decl->As<ast::Variable>()) { | 
 |       if (entry && !var->is_const()) { | 
 |         // Skip variables that are not referenced by the target entry point. | 
 |         auto& refs = program_->Sem().Get(entry)->ReferencedModuleVariables(); | 
 |         if (std::find(refs.begin(), refs.end(), program_->Sem().Get(var)) == | 
 |             refs.end()) { | 
 |           continue; | 
 |         } | 
 |       } | 
 |       if (!EmitVariable(var)) { | 
 |         return false; | 
 |       } | 
 |     } else { | 
 |       TINT_UNREACHABLE(diagnostics_); | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (decl != program_->AST().GlobalDeclarations().back()) { | 
 |       out_ << std::endl; | 
 |     } | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::GenerateEntryPoint(ast::PipelineStage stage, | 
 |                                        const std::string& name) { | 
 |   auto* func = | 
 |       program_->AST().Functions().Find(program_->Symbols().Get(name), stage); | 
 |   if (func == nullptr) { | 
 |     diagnostics_.add_error("Unable to find requested entry point: " + name); | 
 |     return false; | 
 |   } | 
 |   return Generate(func); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitConstructedType(const type::Type* ty) { | 
 |   make_indent(); | 
 |   if (auto* alias = ty->As<type::Alias>()) { | 
 |     out_ << "type " << program_->Symbols().NameFor(alias->symbol()) << " = "; | 
 |     if (!EmitType(alias->type())) { | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |     out_ << ";" << std::endl; | 
 |   } else if (auto* str = ty->As<type::Struct>()) { | 
 |     if (!EmitStructType(str)) { | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |   } else { | 
 |     diagnostics_.add_error("unknown constructed type: " + ty->type_name()); | 
 |     return false; | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitExpression(ast::Expression* expr) { | 
 |   if (auto* a = expr->As<ast::ArrayAccessorExpression>()) { | 
 |     return EmitArrayAccessor(a); | 
 |   } | 
 |   if (auto* b = expr->As<ast::BinaryExpression>()) { | 
 |     return EmitBinary(b); | 
 |   } | 
 |   if (auto* b = expr->As<ast::BitcastExpression>()) { | 
 |     return EmitBitcast(b); | 
 |   } | 
 |   if (auto* c = expr->As<ast::CallExpression>()) { | 
 |     return EmitCall(c); | 
 |   } | 
 |   if (auto* i = expr->As<ast::IdentifierExpression>()) { | 
 |     return EmitIdentifier(i); | 
 |   } | 
 |   if (auto* c = expr->As<ast::ConstructorExpression>()) { | 
 |     return EmitConstructor(c); | 
 |   } | 
 |   if (auto* m = expr->As<ast::MemberAccessorExpression>()) { | 
 |     return EmitMemberAccessor(m); | 
 |   } | 
 |   if (auto* u = expr->As<ast::UnaryOpExpression>()) { | 
 |     return EmitUnaryOp(u); | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   diagnostics_.add_error("unknown expression type"); | 
 |   return false; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitArrayAccessor(ast::ArrayAccessorExpression* expr) { | 
 |   if (!EmitExpression(expr->array())) { | 
 |     return false; | 
 |   } | 
 |   out_ << "["; | 
 |  | 
 |   if (!EmitExpression(expr->idx_expr())) { | 
 |     return false; | 
 |   } | 
 |   out_ << "]"; | 
 |  | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitMemberAccessor(ast::MemberAccessorExpression* expr) { | 
 |   if (!EmitExpression(expr->structure())) { | 
 |     return false; | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   out_ << "."; | 
 |  | 
 |   return EmitExpression(expr->member()); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitBitcast(ast::BitcastExpression* expr) { | 
 |   out_ << "bitcast<"; | 
 |   if (!EmitType(expr->type())) { | 
 |     return false; | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   out_ << ">("; | 
 |   if (!EmitExpression(expr->expr())) { | 
 |     return false; | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   out_ << ")"; | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitCall(ast::CallExpression* expr) { | 
 |   if (!EmitExpression(expr->func())) { | 
 |     return false; | 
 |   } | 
 |   out_ << "("; | 
 |  | 
 |   bool first = true; | 
 |   const auto& params = expr->params(); | 
 |   for (auto* param : params) { | 
 |     if (!first) { | 
 |       out_ << ", "; | 
 |     } | 
 |     first = false; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!EmitExpression(param)) { | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   out_ << ")"; | 
 |  | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitConstructor(ast::ConstructorExpression* expr) { | 
 |   if (auto* scalar = expr->As<ast::ScalarConstructorExpression>()) { | 
 |     return EmitScalarConstructor(scalar); | 
 |   } | 
 |   return EmitTypeConstructor(expr->As<ast::TypeConstructorExpression>()); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitTypeConstructor(ast::TypeConstructorExpression* expr) { | 
 |   if (!EmitType(expr->type())) { | 
 |     return false; | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   out_ << "("; | 
 |  | 
 |   bool first = true; | 
 |   for (auto* e : expr->values()) { | 
 |     if (!first) { | 
 |       out_ << ", "; | 
 |     } | 
 |     first = false; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!EmitExpression(e)) { | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   out_ << ")"; | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitScalarConstructor( | 
 |     ast::ScalarConstructorExpression* expr) { | 
 |   return EmitLiteral(expr->literal()); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitLiteral(ast::Literal* lit) { | 
 |   if (auto* bl = lit->As<ast::BoolLiteral>()) { | 
 |     out_ << (bl->IsTrue() ? "true" : "false"); | 
 |   } else if (auto* fl = lit->As<ast::FloatLiteral>()) { | 
 |     out_ << FloatToString(fl->value()); | 
 |   } else if (auto* sl = lit->As<ast::SintLiteral>()) { | 
 |     out_ << sl->value(); | 
 |   } else if (auto* ul = lit->As<ast::UintLiteral>()) { | 
 |     out_ << ul->value() << "u"; | 
 |   } else { | 
 |     diagnostics_.add_error("unknown literal type"); | 
 |     return false; | 
 |   } | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitIdentifier(ast::IdentifierExpression* expr) { | 
 |   auto* ident = expr->As<ast::IdentifierExpression>(); | 
 |   out_ << program_->Symbols().NameFor(ident->symbol()); | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitFunction(ast::Function* func) { | 
 |   for (auto* deco : func->decorations()) { | 
 |     make_indent(); | 
 |     out_ << "[["; | 
 |     if (auto* workgroup = deco->As<ast::WorkgroupDecoration>()) { | 
 |       uint32_t x = 0; | 
 |       uint32_t y = 0; | 
 |       uint32_t z = 0; | 
 |       std::tie(x, y, z) = workgroup->values(); | 
 |       out_ << "workgroup_size(" << std::to_string(x) << ", " | 
 |            << std::to_string(y) << ", " << std::to_string(z) << ")"; | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (auto* stage = deco->As<ast::StageDecoration>()) { | 
 |       out_ << "stage(" << stage->value() << ")"; | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (auto* internal = deco->As<ast::InternalDecoration>()) { | 
 |       out_ << "internal(" << internal->Name() << ")"; | 
 |     } | 
 |     out_ << "]]" << std::endl; | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   make_indent(); | 
 |   out_ << "fn " << program_->Symbols().NameFor(func->symbol()) << "("; | 
 |  | 
 |   bool first = true; | 
 |   for (auto* v : func->params()) { | 
 |     if (!first) { | 
 |       out_ << ", "; | 
 |     } | 
 |     first = false; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!v->decorations().empty()) { | 
 |       if (!EmitDecorations(v->decorations())) { | 
 |         return false; | 
 |       } | 
 |       out_ << " "; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     out_ << program_->Symbols().NameFor(v->symbol()) << " : "; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!EmitType(program_->Sem().Get(v)->Type())) { | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   out_ << ")"; | 
 |  | 
 |   if (!func->return_type()->Is<type::Void>() || | 
 |       !func->return_type_decorations().empty()) { | 
 |     out_ << " -> "; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!func->return_type_decorations().empty()) { | 
 |       if (!EmitDecorations(func->return_type_decorations())) { | 
 |         return false; | 
 |       } | 
 |       out_ << " "; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!EmitType(func->return_type())) { | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   if (func->body()) { | 
 |     out_ << " "; | 
 |     return EmitBlockAndNewline(func->body()); | 
 |   } else { | 
 |     out_ << std::endl; | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitImageFormat(const type::ImageFormat fmt) { | 
 |   switch (fmt) { | 
 |     case type::ImageFormat::kNone: | 
 |       diagnostics_.add_error("unknown image format"); | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     default: | 
 |       out_ << fmt; | 
 |   } | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitType(type::Type* type) { | 
 |   std::string storage_texture_access = ""; | 
 |   if (auto* ac = type->As<type::AccessControl>()) { | 
 |     out_ << "[[access("; | 
 |     if (ac->IsReadOnly()) { | 
 |       out_ << "read"; | 
 |     } else if (ac->IsWriteOnly()) { | 
 |       out_ << "write"; | 
 |     } else if (ac->IsReadWrite()) { | 
 |       out_ << "read_write"; | 
 |     } else { | 
 |       diagnostics_.add_error("invalid access control"); | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |     out_ << ")]]" << std::endl; | 
 |     if (!EmitType(ac->type())) { | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |     return true; | 
 |   } else if (auto* alias = type->As<type::Alias>()) { | 
 |     out_ << program_->Symbols().NameFor(alias->symbol()); | 
 |   } else if (auto* ary = type->As<type::Array>()) { | 
 |     for (auto* deco : ary->decorations()) { | 
 |       if (auto* stride = deco->As<ast::StrideDecoration>()) { | 
 |         out_ << "[[stride(" << stride->stride() << ")]] "; | 
 |       } | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     out_ << "array<"; | 
 |     if (!EmitType(ary->type())) { | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!ary->IsRuntimeArray()) | 
 |       out_ << ", " << ary->size(); | 
 |  | 
 |     out_ << ">"; | 
 |   } else if (type->Is<type::Bool>()) { | 
 |     out_ << "bool"; | 
 |   } else if (type->Is<type::F32>()) { | 
 |     out_ << "f32"; | 
 |   } else if (type->Is<type::I32>()) { | 
 |     out_ << "i32"; | 
 |   } else if (auto* mat = type->As<type::Matrix>()) { | 
 |     out_ << "mat" << mat->columns() << "x" << mat->rows() << "<"; | 
 |     if (!EmitType(mat->type())) { | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |     out_ << ">"; | 
 |   } else if (auto* ptr = type->As<type::Pointer>()) { | 
 |     out_ << "ptr<" << ptr->storage_class() << ", "; | 
 |     if (!EmitType(ptr->type())) { | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |     out_ << ">"; | 
 |   } else if (auto* sampler = type->As<type::Sampler>()) { | 
 |     out_ << "sampler"; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (sampler->IsComparison()) { | 
 |       out_ << "_comparison"; | 
 |     } | 
 |   } else if (auto* str = type->As<type::Struct>()) { | 
 |     // The struct, as a type, is just the name. We should have already emitted | 
 |     // the declaration through a call to |EmitStructType| earlier. | 
 |     out_ << program_->Symbols().NameFor(str->symbol()); | 
 |   } else if (auto* texture = type->As<type::Texture>()) { | 
 |     out_ << "texture_"; | 
 |     if (texture->Is<type::DepthTexture>()) { | 
 |       out_ << "depth_"; | 
 |     } else if (texture->Is<type::SampledTexture>()) { | 
 |       /* nothing to emit */ | 
 |     } else if (texture->Is<type::MultisampledTexture>()) { | 
 |       out_ << "multisampled_"; | 
 |     } else if (texture->Is<type::StorageTexture>()) { | 
 |       out_ << "storage_"; | 
 |     } else { | 
 |       diagnostics_.add_error("unknown texture type"); | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     switch (texture->dim()) { | 
 |       case type::TextureDimension::k1d: | 
 |         out_ << "1d"; | 
 |         break; | 
 |       case type::TextureDimension::k2d: | 
 |         out_ << "2d"; | 
 |         break; | 
 |       case type::TextureDimension::k2dArray: | 
 |         out_ << "2d_array"; | 
 |         break; | 
 |       case type::TextureDimension::k3d: | 
 |         out_ << "3d"; | 
 |         break; | 
 |       case type::TextureDimension::kCube: | 
 |         out_ << "cube"; | 
 |         break; | 
 |       case type::TextureDimension::kCubeArray: | 
 |         out_ << "cube_array"; | 
 |         break; | 
 |       default: | 
 |         diagnostics_.add_error("unknown texture dimension"); | 
 |         return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (auto* sampled = texture->As<type::SampledTexture>()) { | 
 |       out_ << "<"; | 
 |       if (!EmitType(sampled->type())) { | 
 |         return false; | 
 |       } | 
 |       out_ << ">"; | 
 |     } else if (auto* ms = texture->As<type::MultisampledTexture>()) { | 
 |       out_ << "<"; | 
 |       if (!EmitType(ms->type())) { | 
 |         return false; | 
 |       } | 
 |       out_ << ">"; | 
 |     } else if (auto* storage = texture->As<type::StorageTexture>()) { | 
 |       out_ << "<"; | 
 |       if (!EmitImageFormat(storage->image_format())) { | 
 |         return false; | 
 |       } | 
 |       out_ << ">"; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |   } else if (type->Is<type::U32>()) { | 
 |     out_ << "u32"; | 
 |   } else if (auto* vec = type->As<type::Vector>()) { | 
 |     out_ << "vec" << vec->size() << "<"; | 
 |     if (!EmitType(vec->type())) { | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |     out_ << ">"; | 
 |   } else if (type->Is<type::Void>()) { | 
 |     out_ << "void"; | 
 |   } else { | 
 |     diagnostics_.add_error("unknown type in EmitType: " + type->type_name()); | 
 |     return false; | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitStructType(const type::Struct* str) { | 
 |   auto* impl = str->impl(); | 
 |   for (auto* deco : impl->decorations()) { | 
 |     out_ << "[["; | 
 |     program_->to_str(deco, out_, 0); | 
 |     out_ << "]]" << std::endl; | 
 |   } | 
 |   out_ << "struct " << program_->Symbols().NameFor(str->symbol()) << " {" | 
 |        << std::endl; | 
 |  | 
 |   auto add_padding = [&](uint32_t size) { | 
 |     make_indent(); | 
 |     out_ << "[[size(" << size << ")]]" << std::endl; | 
 |     make_indent(); | 
 |     // Note: u32 is the smallest primitive we currently support. When WGSL | 
 |     // supports smaller types, this will need to be updated. | 
 |     out_ << UniqueIdentifier("padding") << " : u32;" << std::endl; | 
 |   }; | 
 |  | 
 |   increment_indent(); | 
 |   uint32_t offset = 0; | 
 |   for (auto* mem : impl->members()) { | 
 |     auto* mem_sem = program_->Sem().Get(mem); | 
 |  | 
 |     offset = utils::RoundUp(mem_sem->Align(), offset); | 
 |     if (uint32_t padding = mem_sem->Offset() - offset) { | 
 |       add_padding(padding); | 
 |       offset += padding; | 
 |     } | 
 |     offset += mem_sem->Size(); | 
 |  | 
 |     // Offset decorations no longer exist in the WGSL spec, but are emitted | 
 |     // by the SPIR-V reader and are consumed by the Resolver(). These should not | 
 |     // be emitted, but instead struct padding fields should be emitted. | 
 |     ast::DecorationList decorations_sanitized; | 
 |     decorations_sanitized.reserve(mem->decorations().size()); | 
 |     for (auto* deco : mem->decorations()) { | 
 |       if (!deco->Is<ast::StructMemberOffsetDecoration>()) { | 
 |         decorations_sanitized.emplace_back(deco); | 
 |       } | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!decorations_sanitized.empty()) { | 
 |       make_indent(); | 
 |       if (!EmitDecorations(decorations_sanitized)) { | 
 |         return false; | 
 |       } | 
 |       out_ << std::endl; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     make_indent(); | 
 |     out_ << program_->Symbols().NameFor(mem->symbol()) << " : "; | 
 |     if (!EmitType(mem->type())) { | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |     out_ << ";" << std::endl; | 
 |   } | 
 |   decrement_indent(); | 
 |   make_indent(); | 
 |  | 
 |   out_ << "};" << std::endl; | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitVariable(ast::Variable* var) { | 
 |   auto* sem = program_->Sem().Get(var); | 
 |  | 
 |   make_indent(); | 
 |  | 
 |   if (!var->decorations().empty()) { | 
 |     if (!EmitDecorations(var->decorations())) { | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |     out_ << " "; | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   if (var->is_const()) { | 
 |     out_ << "const"; | 
 |   } else { | 
 |     out_ << "var"; | 
 |     if (sem->StorageClass() != ast::StorageClass::kNone && | 
 |         sem->StorageClass() != ast::StorageClass::kFunction && | 
 |         !sem->Type()->UnwrapAll()->is_handle()) { | 
 |       out_ << "<" << sem->StorageClass() << ">"; | 
 |     } | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   out_ << " " << program_->Symbols().NameFor(var->symbol()) << " : "; | 
 |   if (!EmitType(sem->Type())) { | 
 |     return false; | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   if (var->constructor() != nullptr) { | 
 |     out_ << " = "; | 
 |     if (!EmitExpression(var->constructor())) { | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |   } | 
 |   out_ << ";" << std::endl; | 
 |  | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitDecorations(const ast::DecorationList& decos) { | 
 |   out_ << "[["; | 
 |   bool first = true; | 
 |   for (auto* deco : decos) { | 
 |     if (!first) { | 
 |       out_ << ", "; | 
 |     } | 
 |     first = false; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (auto* binding = deco->As<ast::BindingDecoration>()) { | 
 |       out_ << "binding(" << binding->value() << ")"; | 
 |     } else if (auto* group = deco->As<ast::GroupDecoration>()) { | 
 |       out_ << "group(" << group->value() << ")"; | 
 |     } else if (auto* location = deco->As<ast::LocationDecoration>()) { | 
 |       out_ << "location(" << location->value() << ")"; | 
 |     } else if (auto* builtin = deco->As<ast::BuiltinDecoration>()) { | 
 |       out_ << "builtin(" << builtin->value() << ")"; | 
 |     } else if (auto* constant = deco->As<ast::ConstantIdDecoration>()) { | 
 |       out_ << "constant_id(" << constant->value() << ")"; | 
 |     } else if (auto* size = deco->As<ast::StructMemberSizeDecoration>()) { | 
 |       out_ << "size(" << size->size() << ")"; | 
 |     } else if (auto* align = deco->As<ast::StructMemberAlignDecoration>()) { | 
 |       out_ << "align(" << align->align() << ")"; | 
 |     } else { | 
 |       TINT_ICE(diagnostics_) | 
 |           << "Unsupported decoration '" << deco->TypeInfo().name << "'"; | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |   } | 
 |   out_ << "]]"; | 
 |  | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitBinary(ast::BinaryExpression* expr) { | 
 |   out_ << "("; | 
 |  | 
 |   if (!EmitExpression(expr->lhs())) { | 
 |     return false; | 
 |   } | 
 |   out_ << " "; | 
 |  | 
 |   switch (expr->op()) { | 
 |     case ast::BinaryOp::kAnd: | 
 |       out_ << "&"; | 
 |       break; | 
 |     case ast::BinaryOp::kOr: | 
 |       out_ << "|"; | 
 |       break; | 
 |     case ast::BinaryOp::kXor: | 
 |       out_ << "^"; | 
 |       break; | 
 |     case ast::BinaryOp::kLogicalAnd: | 
 |       out_ << "&&"; | 
 |       break; | 
 |     case ast::BinaryOp::kLogicalOr: | 
 |       out_ << "||"; | 
 |       break; | 
 |     case ast::BinaryOp::kEqual: | 
 |       out_ << "=="; | 
 |       break; | 
 |     case ast::BinaryOp::kNotEqual: | 
 |       out_ << "!="; | 
 |       break; | 
 |     case ast::BinaryOp::kLessThan: | 
 |       out_ << "<"; | 
 |       break; | 
 |     case ast::BinaryOp::kGreaterThan: | 
 |       out_ << ">"; | 
 |       break; | 
 |     case ast::BinaryOp::kLessThanEqual: | 
 |       out_ << "<="; | 
 |       break; | 
 |     case ast::BinaryOp::kGreaterThanEqual: | 
 |       out_ << ">="; | 
 |       break; | 
 |     case ast::BinaryOp::kShiftLeft: | 
 |       out_ << "<<"; | 
 |       break; | 
 |     case ast::BinaryOp::kShiftRight: | 
 |       out_ << ">>"; | 
 |       break; | 
 |     case ast::BinaryOp::kAdd: | 
 |       out_ << "+"; | 
 |       break; | 
 |     case ast::BinaryOp::kSubtract: | 
 |       out_ << "-"; | 
 |       break; | 
 |     case ast::BinaryOp::kMultiply: | 
 |       out_ << "*"; | 
 |       break; | 
 |     case ast::BinaryOp::kDivide: | 
 |       out_ << "/"; | 
 |       break; | 
 |     case ast::BinaryOp::kModulo: | 
 |       out_ << "%"; | 
 |       break; | 
 |     case ast::BinaryOp::kNone: | 
 |       diagnostics_.add_error("missing binary operation type"); | 
 |       return false; | 
 |   } | 
 |   out_ << " "; | 
 |  | 
 |   if (!EmitExpression(expr->rhs())) { | 
 |     return false; | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   out_ << ")"; | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitUnaryOp(ast::UnaryOpExpression* expr) { | 
 |   switch (expr->op()) { | 
 |     case ast::UnaryOp::kNot: | 
 |       out_ << "!"; | 
 |       break; | 
 |     case ast::UnaryOp::kNegation: | 
 |       out_ << "-"; | 
 |       break; | 
 |   } | 
 |   out_ << "("; | 
 |  | 
 |   if (!EmitExpression(expr->expr())) { | 
 |     return false; | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   out_ << ")"; | 
 |  | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitBlock(const ast::BlockStatement* stmt) { | 
 |   out_ << "{" << std::endl; | 
 |   increment_indent(); | 
 |  | 
 |   for (auto* s : *stmt) { | 
 |     if (!EmitStatement(s)) { | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   decrement_indent(); | 
 |   make_indent(); | 
 |   out_ << "}"; | 
 |  | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitIndentedBlockAndNewline( | 
 |     const ast::BlockStatement* stmt) { | 
 |   make_indent(); | 
 |   const bool result = EmitBlock(stmt); | 
 |   if (result) { | 
 |     out_ << std::endl; | 
 |   } | 
 |   return result; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitBlockAndNewline(const ast::BlockStatement* stmt) { | 
 |   const bool result = EmitBlock(stmt); | 
 |   if (result) { | 
 |     out_ << std::endl; | 
 |   } | 
 |   return result; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitStatement(ast::Statement* stmt) { | 
 |   if (auto* a = stmt->As<ast::AssignmentStatement>()) { | 
 |     return EmitAssign(a); | 
 |   } | 
 |   if (auto* b = stmt->As<ast::BlockStatement>()) { | 
 |     return EmitIndentedBlockAndNewline(b); | 
 |   } | 
 |   if (auto* b = stmt->As<ast::BreakStatement>()) { | 
 |     return EmitBreak(b); | 
 |   } | 
 |   if (auto* c = stmt->As<ast::CallStatement>()) { | 
 |     make_indent(); | 
 |     if (!EmitCall(c->expr())) { | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |     out_ << ";" << std::endl; | 
 |     return true; | 
 |   } | 
 |   if (auto* c = stmt->As<ast::ContinueStatement>()) { | 
 |     return EmitContinue(c); | 
 |   } | 
 |   if (auto* d = stmt->As<ast::DiscardStatement>()) { | 
 |     return EmitDiscard(d); | 
 |   } | 
 |   if (auto* f = stmt->As<ast::FallthroughStatement>()) { | 
 |     return EmitFallthrough(f); | 
 |   } | 
 |   if (auto* i = stmt->As<ast::IfStatement>()) { | 
 |     return EmitIf(i); | 
 |   } | 
 |   if (auto* l = stmt->As<ast::LoopStatement>()) { | 
 |     return EmitLoop(l); | 
 |   } | 
 |   if (auto* r = stmt->As<ast::ReturnStatement>()) { | 
 |     return EmitReturn(r); | 
 |   } | 
 |   if (auto* s = stmt->As<ast::SwitchStatement>()) { | 
 |     return EmitSwitch(s); | 
 |   } | 
 |   if (auto* v = stmt->As<ast::VariableDeclStatement>()) { | 
 |     return EmitVariable(v->variable()); | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   diagnostics_.add_error("unknown statement type: " + program_->str(stmt)); | 
 |   return false; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitAssign(ast::AssignmentStatement* stmt) { | 
 |   make_indent(); | 
 |  | 
 |   if (!EmitExpression(stmt->lhs())) { | 
 |     return false; | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   out_ << " = "; | 
 |  | 
 |   if (!EmitExpression(stmt->rhs())) { | 
 |     return false; | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   out_ << ";" << std::endl; | 
 |  | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitBreak(ast::BreakStatement*) { | 
 |   make_indent(); | 
 |   out_ << "break;" << std::endl; | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitCase(ast::CaseStatement* stmt) { | 
 |   make_indent(); | 
 |  | 
 |   if (stmt->IsDefault()) { | 
 |     out_ << "default"; | 
 |   } else { | 
 |     out_ << "case "; | 
 |  | 
 |     bool first = true; | 
 |     for (auto* selector : stmt->selectors()) { | 
 |       if (!first) { | 
 |         out_ << ", "; | 
 |       } | 
 |  | 
 |       first = false; | 
 |       if (!EmitLiteral(selector)) { | 
 |         return false; | 
 |       } | 
 |     } | 
 |   } | 
 |   out_ << ": "; | 
 |  | 
 |   return EmitBlockAndNewline(stmt->body()); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitContinue(ast::ContinueStatement*) { | 
 |   make_indent(); | 
 |   out_ << "continue;" << std::endl; | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitElse(ast::ElseStatement* stmt) { | 
 |   if (stmt->HasCondition()) { | 
 |     out_ << " elseif ("; | 
 |     if (!EmitExpression(stmt->condition())) { | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |     out_ << ") "; | 
 |   } else { | 
 |     out_ << " else "; | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   return EmitBlock(stmt->body()); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitFallthrough(ast::FallthroughStatement*) { | 
 |   make_indent(); | 
 |   out_ << "fallthrough;" << std::endl; | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitIf(ast::IfStatement* stmt) { | 
 |   make_indent(); | 
 |  | 
 |   out_ << "if ("; | 
 |   if (!EmitExpression(stmt->condition())) { | 
 |     return false; | 
 |   } | 
 |   out_ << ") "; | 
 |  | 
 |   if (!EmitBlock(stmt->body())) { | 
 |     return false; | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   for (auto* e : stmt->else_statements()) { | 
 |     if (!EmitElse(e)) { | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |   } | 
 |   out_ << std::endl; | 
 |  | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitDiscard(ast::DiscardStatement*) { | 
 |   make_indent(); | 
 |   out_ << "discard;" << std::endl; | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitLoop(ast::LoopStatement* stmt) { | 
 |   make_indent(); | 
 |  | 
 |   out_ << "loop {" << std::endl; | 
 |   increment_indent(); | 
 |  | 
 |   for (auto* s : *(stmt->body())) { | 
 |     if (!EmitStatement(s)) { | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   if (stmt->has_continuing()) { | 
 |     out_ << std::endl; | 
 |  | 
 |     make_indent(); | 
 |     out_ << "continuing "; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (!EmitBlockAndNewline(stmt->continuing())) { | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   decrement_indent(); | 
 |   make_indent(); | 
 |   out_ << "}" << std::endl; | 
 |  | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitReturn(ast::ReturnStatement* stmt) { | 
 |   make_indent(); | 
 |  | 
 |   out_ << "return"; | 
 |   if (stmt->has_value()) { | 
 |     out_ << " "; | 
 |     if (!EmitExpression(stmt->value())) { | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |   } | 
 |   out_ << ";" << std::endl; | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | bool GeneratorImpl::EmitSwitch(ast::SwitchStatement* stmt) { | 
 |   make_indent(); | 
 |  | 
 |   out_ << "switch("; | 
 |   if (!EmitExpression(stmt->condition())) { | 
 |     return false; | 
 |   } | 
 |   out_ << ") {" << std::endl; | 
 |  | 
 |   increment_indent(); | 
 |  | 
 |   for (auto* s : stmt->body()) { | 
 |     if (!EmitCase(s)) { | 
 |       return false; | 
 |     } | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 |   decrement_indent(); | 
 |   make_indent(); | 
 |   out_ << "}" << std::endl; | 
 |  | 
 |   return true; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | std::string GeneratorImpl::UniqueIdentifier(const std::string& suffix) { | 
 |   auto const limit = | 
 |       std::numeric_limits<decltype(next_unique_identifier_suffix)>::max(); | 
 |   while (next_unique_identifier_suffix < limit) { | 
 |     auto ident = "tint_" + std::to_string(next_unique_identifier_suffix); | 
 |     if (!suffix.empty()) { | 
 |       ident += "_" + suffix; | 
 |     } | 
 |     next_unique_identifier_suffix++; | 
 |     if (!program_->Symbols().Get(ident).IsValid()) { | 
 |       return ident; | 
 |     } | 
 |   } | 
 |   diagnostics_.add_error("Unable to generate a unique WGSL identifier"); | 
 |   return "<invalid-ident>"; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | }  // namespace wgsl | 
 | }  // namespace writer | 
 | }  // namespace tint |