code refactoring: prefix const color values with RGBA8

BUG=
Change-Id: I820180adc19b1d1c226ca92084c64e441173c27b
Reviewed-on: https://dawn-review.googlesource.com/c/dawn/+/13760
Reviewed-by: Austin Eng <enga@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Corentin Wallez <cwallez@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Yunchao He <yunchao.he@intel.com>
diff --git a/src/tests/DawnTest.cpp b/src/tests/DawnTest.cpp
index fd27395..934015c 100644
--- a/src/tests/DawnTest.cpp
+++ b/src/tests/DawnTest.cpp
@@ -80,6 +80,14 @@
 
 }  // namespace
 
+const RGBA8 RGBA8::kZero = RGBA8(0, 0, 0, 0);
+const RGBA8 RGBA8::kBlack = RGBA8(0, 0, 0, 255);
+const RGBA8 RGBA8::kRed = RGBA8(255, 0, 0, 255);
+const RGBA8 RGBA8::kGreen = RGBA8(0, 255, 0, 255);
+const RGBA8 RGBA8::kBlue = RGBA8(0, 0, 255, 255);
+const RGBA8 RGBA8::kYellow = RGBA8(255, 255, 0, 255);
+const RGBA8 RGBA8::kWhite = RGBA8(255, 255, 255, 255);
+
 const DawnTestParam D3D12Backend(dawn_native::BackendType::D3D12);
 const DawnTestParam MetalBackend(dawn_native::BackendType::Metal);
 const DawnTestParam OpenGLBackend(dawn_native::BackendType::OpenGL);
diff --git a/src/tests/DawnTest.h b/src/tests/DawnTest.h
index bada502..a5574a3 100644
--- a/src/tests/DawnTest.h
+++ b/src/tests/DawnTest.h
@@ -74,16 +74,17 @@
     bool operator!=(const RGBA8& other) const;
 
     uint8_t r, g, b, a;
+
+    static const RGBA8 kZero;
+    static const RGBA8 kBlack;
+    static const RGBA8 kRed;
+    static const RGBA8 kGreen;
+    static const RGBA8 kBlue;
+    static const RGBA8 kYellow;
+    static const RGBA8 kWhite;
 };
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& stream, const RGBA8& color);
 
-constexpr RGBA8 kZero(0, 0, 0, 0);
-constexpr RGBA8 kBlack(0, 0, 0, 255);
-constexpr RGBA8 kRed(255, 0, 0, 255);
-constexpr RGBA8 kGreen(0, 255, 0, 255);
-constexpr RGBA8 kBlue(0, 0, 255, 255);
-constexpr RGBA8 kWhite(255, 255, 255, 255);
-
 struct DawnTestParam {
     explicit DawnTestParam(dawn_native::BackendType backendType) : backendType(backendType) {
     }
diff --git a/src/tests/end2end/ClipSpaceTests.cpp b/src/tests/end2end/ClipSpaceTests.cpp
index e00c4a1..39460dd 100644
--- a/src/tests/end2end/ClipSpaceTests.cpp
+++ b/src/tests/end2end/ClipSpaceTests.cpp
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@
     wgpu::Queue queue = device.CreateQueue();
     queue.Submit(1, &commandBuffer);
 
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kRed, colorTexture, kSize - 1, kSize - 1);
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, colorTexture, 0, 0);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kRed, colorTexture, kSize - 1, kSize - 1);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, colorTexture, 0, 0);
 }
 
 DAWN_INSTANTIATE_TEST(ClipSpaceTest, D3D12Backend, MetalBackend, OpenGLBackend, VulkanBackend);
diff --git a/src/tests/end2end/CompressedTextureFormatTests.cpp b/src/tests/end2end/CompressedTextureFormatTests.cpp
index e751029..a5cd6a5 100644
--- a/src/tests/end2end/CompressedTextureFormatTests.cpp
+++ b/src/tests/end2end/CompressedTextureFormatTests.cpp
@@ -389,13 +389,13 @@
 
             case wgpu::TextureFormat::BC4RSnorm:
             case wgpu::TextureFormat::BC4RUnorm:
-                return FillExpectedData(testRegion, kRed, kBlack);
+                return FillExpectedData(testRegion, RGBA8::kRed, RGBA8::kBlack);
 
             case wgpu::TextureFormat::BC5RGSnorm:
             case wgpu::TextureFormat::BC5RGUnorm:
             case wgpu::TextureFormat::BC6HRGBSfloat:
             case wgpu::TextureFormat::BC6HRGBUfloat:
-                return FillExpectedData(testRegion, kRed, kGreen);
+                return FillExpectedData(testRegion, RGBA8::kRed, RGBA8::kGreen);
 
             default:
                 UNREACHABLE();
diff --git a/src/tests/end2end/CullingTests.cpp b/src/tests/end2end/CullingTests.cpp
index a61e900..2220140 100644
--- a/src/tests/end2end/CullingTests.cpp
+++ b/src/tests/end2end/CullingTests.cpp
@@ -90,9 +90,9 @@
         wgpu::Queue queue = device.CreateQueue();
         queue.Submit(1, &commandBuffer);
 
-        constexpr RGBA8 kTopLeftColor = kBlack;
+        const RGBA8 kBackgroundColor = RGBA8::kBlue;
+        const RGBA8 kTopLeftColor = RGBA8::kBlack;
         constexpr RGBA8 kBottomRightColor = RGBA8(3, 3, 0, 255);
-        constexpr RGBA8 kBackgroundColor = kBlue;
 
         RGBA8 kCCWTriangleTopLeftColor = isCCWTriangleCulled ? kBackgroundColor : kTopLeftColor;
         EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kCCWTriangleTopLeftColor, colorTexture, 0, 0);
diff --git a/src/tests/end2end/GpuMemorySynchronizationTests.cpp b/src/tests/end2end/GpuMemorySynchronizationTests.cpp
index 15ab7ea..6616aff 100644
--- a/src/tests/end2end/GpuMemorySynchronizationTests.cpp
+++ b/src/tests/end2end/GpuMemorySynchronizationTests.cpp
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@
     queue.Submit(1, &commands);
 
     // Verify the rendering result.
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kRed, renderPass.color, 0, 0);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kRed, renderPass.color, 0, 0);
 }
 
 // Write into a storage buffer in compute pass in a command buffer. Then read that data in a render
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@
     queue.Submit(2, cb);
 
     // Verify the rendering result.
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kRed, renderPass.color, 0, 0);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kRed, renderPass.color, 0, 0);
 }
 
 // Write into a storage buffer in compute pass in a command buffer. Then read that data in a render
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@
     queue.Submit(1, &cb[1]);
 
     // Verify the rendering result.
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kRed, renderPass.color, 0, 0);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kRed, renderPass.color, 0, 0);
 }
 
 DAWN_INSTANTIATE_TEST(StorageToUniformSyncTests,
diff --git a/src/tests/end2end/IndexFormatTests.cpp b/src/tests/end2end/IndexFormatTests.cpp
index 0404cf7..2268deb 100644
--- a/src/tests/end2end/IndexFormatTests.cpp
+++ b/src/tests/end2end/IndexFormatTests.cpp
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
     wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish();
     queue.Submit(1, &commands);
 
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderPass.color, 100, 300);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderPass.color, 100, 300);
 }
 
 // Test that the Uint16 index format is correctly interpreted
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
     wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish();
     queue.Submit(1, &commands);
 
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderPass.color, 100, 300);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderPass.color, 100, 300);
 }
 
 // Test for primitive restart use vertices like in the drawing and draw the following
@@ -164,9 +164,9 @@
     wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish();
     queue.Submit(1, &commands);
 
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderPass.color, 190, 190);  // A
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderPass.color, 210, 210);  // B
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kZero, renderPass.color, 210, 190);   // C
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderPass.color, 190, 190);  // A
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderPass.color, 210, 210);  // B
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kZero, renderPass.color, 210, 190);   // C
 }
 
 // Test use of primitive restart with an Uint16 index format
@@ -206,9 +206,9 @@
     wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish();
     queue.Submit(1, &commands);
 
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderPass.color, 190, 190);  // A
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderPass.color, 210, 210);  // B
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kZero, renderPass.color, 210, 190);   // C
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderPass.color, 190, 190);  // A
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderPass.color, 210, 210);  // B
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kZero, renderPass.color, 210, 190);   // C
 }
 
 // Test that the index format used is the format of the last set pipeline. This is to
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
     wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish();
     queue.Submit(1, &commands);
 
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderPass.color, 100, 300);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderPass.color, 100, 300);
 }
 
 // Test that setting the index buffer before the pipeline works, this is important
diff --git a/src/tests/end2end/PrimitiveTopologyTests.cpp b/src/tests/end2end/PrimitiveTopologyTests.cpp
index 6f888a3..0dde8e5 100644
--- a/src/tests/end2end/PrimitiveTopologyTests.cpp
+++ b/src/tests/end2end/PrimitiveTopologyTests.cpp
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@
             for (auto& locationSpec : locationSpecs) {
                 for (size_t i = 0; i < locationSpec.count; ++i) {
                     // If this pixel is included, check that it is green. Otherwise, check that it is black
-                    RGBA8 color = locationSpec.include ? kGreen : kZero;
+                    RGBA8 color = locationSpec.include ? RGBA8::kGreen : RGBA8::kZero;
                     EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(color, renderPass.color, locationSpec.locations[i].x, locationSpec.locations[i].y)
                         << "Expected (" << locationSpec.locations[i].x << ", " << locationSpec.locations[i].y << ") to be " << color;
                 }
diff --git a/src/tests/end2end/RenderBundleTests.cpp b/src/tests/end2end/RenderBundleTests.cpp
index 9eec108..1b65a36 100644
--- a/src/tests/end2end/RenderBundleTests.cpp
+++ b/src/tests/end2end/RenderBundleTests.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 #include "utils/WGPUHelpers.h"
 
 constexpr uint32_t kRTSize = 4;
-constexpr RGBA8 kColors[2] = {kGreen, kBlue};
+const RGBA8 kColors[2] = {RGBA8::kGreen, RGBA8::kBlue};
 
 // RenderBundleTest tests simple usage of RenderBundles to draw. The implementaiton
 // of RenderBundle is shared significantly with render pass execution which is
diff --git a/src/tests/end2end/RenderPassLoadOpTests.cpp b/src/tests/end2end/RenderPassLoadOpTests.cpp
index 7a51e28..945ef9e 100644
--- a/src/tests/end2end/RenderPassLoadOpTests.cpp
+++ b/src/tests/end2end/RenderPassLoadOpTests.cpp
@@ -71,11 +71,11 @@
 
             renderTargetView = renderTarget.CreateView();
 
-            std::fill(expectZero.begin(), expectZero.end(), kZero);
+            std::fill(expectZero.begin(), expectZero.end(), RGBA8::kZero);
 
-            std::fill(expectGreen.begin(), expectGreen.end(), kGreen);
+            std::fill(expectGreen.begin(), expectGreen.end(), RGBA8::kGreen);
 
-            std::fill(expectBlue.begin(), expectBlue.end(), kBlue);
+            std::fill(expectBlue.begin(), expectBlue.end(), RGBA8::kBlue);
 
             // draws a blue quad on the right half of the screen
             const char* vsSource = R"(
diff --git a/src/tests/end2end/RenderPassTests.cpp b/src/tests/end2end/RenderPassTests.cpp
index 8ea5b22..223d99b 100644
--- a/src/tests/end2end/RenderPassTests.cpp
+++ b/src/tests/end2end/RenderPassTests.cpp
@@ -108,11 +108,11 @@
     wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish();
     queue.Submit(1, &commands);
 
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kBlue, renderTarget1, 1, kRTSize - 1);
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kRed, renderTarget1, kRTSize - 1, 1);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kBlue, renderTarget1, 1, kRTSize - 1);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kRed, renderTarget1, kRTSize - 1, 1);
 
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kBlue, renderTarget2, 1, kRTSize - 1);
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderTarget2, kRTSize - 1, 1);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kBlue, renderTarget2, 1, kRTSize - 1);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderTarget2, kRTSize - 1, 1);
 }
 
 // Verify that the content in the color attachment will not be changed if there is no corresponding
@@ -161,8 +161,8 @@
     wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish();
     queue.Submit(1, &commands);
 
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kBlue, renderTarget, 2, kRTSize - 1);
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kRed, renderTarget, kRTSize - 1, 1);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kBlue, renderTarget, 2, kRTSize - 1);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kRed, renderTarget, kRTSize - 1, 1);
 }
 
 DAWN_INSTANTIATE_TEST(RenderPassTest,
diff --git a/src/tests/end2end/SamplerTests.cpp b/src/tests/end2end/SamplerTests.cpp
index 1d5fa84..5593f91e 100644
--- a/src/tests/end2end/SamplerTests.cpp
+++ b/src/tests/end2end/SamplerTests.cpp
@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@
         // Create a 2x2 checkerboard texture, with black in the top left and bottom right corners.
         const uint32_t rowPixels = kTextureRowPitchAlignment / sizeof(RGBA8);
         RGBA8 data[rowPixels * 2];
-        data[0] = data[rowPixels + 1] = kBlack;
-        data[1] = data[rowPixels] = kWhite;
+        data[0] = data[rowPixels + 1] = RGBA8::kBlack;
+        data[1] = data[rowPixels] = RGBA8::kWhite;
 
         wgpu::Buffer stagingBuffer =
             utils::CreateBufferFromData(device, data, sizeof(data), wgpu::BufferUsage::CopySrc);
@@ -162,10 +162,10 @@
         RGBA8 expectedU3(u.mExpected3, u.mExpected3, u.mExpected3, 255);
         RGBA8 expectedV2(v.mExpected2, v.mExpected2, v.mExpected2, 255);
         RGBA8 expectedV3(v.mExpected3, v.mExpected3, v.mExpected3, 255);
-        EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kBlack, mRenderPass.color, 0, 0);
-        EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kWhite, mRenderPass.color, 0, 1);
-        EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kWhite, mRenderPass.color, 1, 0);
-        EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kBlack, mRenderPass.color, 1, 1);
+        EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kBlack, mRenderPass.color, 0, 0);
+        EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kWhite, mRenderPass.color, 0, 1);
+        EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kWhite, mRenderPass.color, 1, 0);
+        EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kBlack, mRenderPass.color, 1, 1);
         EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(expectedU2, mRenderPass.color, 2, 0);
         EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(expectedU3, mRenderPass.color, 3, 0);
         EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(expectedV2, mRenderPass.color, 0, 2);
diff --git a/src/tests/end2end/ScissorTests.cpp b/src/tests/end2end/ScissorTests.cpp
index ebcf2e3..21c1f59 100644
--- a/src/tests/end2end/ScissorTests.cpp
+++ b/src/tests/end2end/ScissorTests.cpp
@@ -64,10 +64,10 @@
     wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish();
     queue.Submit(1, &commands);
 
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderPass.color, 0, 0);
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderPass.color, 0, 99);
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderPass.color, 99, 0);
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderPass.color, 99, 99);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderPass.color, 0, 0);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderPass.color, 0, 99);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderPass.color, 99, 0);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderPass.color, 99, 99);
 }
 
 // Test setting the scissor to something larger than the attachments.
@@ -87,10 +87,10 @@
     wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish();
     queue.Submit(1, &commands);
 
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderPass.color, 0, 0);
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderPass.color, 0, 99);
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderPass.color, 99, 0);
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderPass.color, 99, 99);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderPass.color, 0, 0);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderPass.color, 0, 99);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderPass.color, 99, 0);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderPass.color, 99, 99);
 }
 
 // Test setting a partial scissor (not empty, not full attachment)
@@ -116,11 +116,11 @@
     queue.Submit(1, &commands);
 
     // Test the two opposite corners of the scissor box. With one pixel inside and on outside
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kZero, renderPass.color, kX - 1, kY - 1);
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderPass.color, kX, kY);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kZero, renderPass.color, kX - 1, kY - 1);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderPass.color, kX, kY);
 
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kZero, renderPass.color, kX + kW, kY + kH);
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderPass.color, kX + kW - 1, kY + kH - 1);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kZero, renderPass.color, kX + kW, kY + kH);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderPass.color, kX + kW - 1, kY + kH - 1);
 }
 
 // Test that the scissor setting doesn't get inherited between renderpasses
@@ -146,10 +146,10 @@
     wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish();
     queue.Submit(1, &commands);
 
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderPass.color, 0, 0);
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderPass.color, 0, 99);
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderPass.color, 99, 0);
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderPass.color, 99, 99);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderPass.color, 0, 0);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderPass.color, 0, 99);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderPass.color, 99, 0);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderPass.color, 99, 99);
 }
 
 DAWN_INSTANTIATE_TEST(ScissorTest, D3D12Backend, MetalBackend, OpenGLBackend, VulkanBackend);
diff --git a/src/tests/end2end/VertexFormatTests.cpp b/src/tests/end2end/VertexFormatTests.cpp
index f82c808..53710cc 100644
--- a/src/tests/end2end/VertexFormatTests.cpp
+++ b/src/tests/end2end/VertexFormatTests.cpp
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@
         wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish();
         queue.Submit(1, &commands);
 
-        EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderPass.color, 0, 0);
+        EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderPass.color, 0, 0);
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/src/tests/end2end/VertexStateTests.cpp b/src/tests/end2end/VertexStateTests.cpp
index 8b8051d..048bd7a 100644
--- a/src/tests/end2end/VertexStateTests.cpp
+++ b/src/tests/end2end/VertexStateTests.cpp
@@ -221,9 +221,9 @@
                 unsigned int x = kRTCellOffset + kRTCellSize * triangle;
                 unsigned int y = kRTCellOffset + kRTCellSize * instance;
                 if (triangle < triangles && instance < instances) {
-                    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderPass.color, x, y);
+                    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderPass.color, x, y);
                 } else {
-                    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kZero, renderPass.color, x, y);
+                    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kZero, renderPass.color, x, y);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@
     wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish();
     queue.Submit(1, &commands);
 
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderPass.color, 1, 1);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderPass.color, 1, 1);
 }
 
 DAWN_INSTANTIATE_TEST(OptionalVertexStateTest,
diff --git a/src/tests/end2end/ViewportOrientationTests.cpp b/src/tests/end2end/ViewportOrientationTests.cpp
index 3a764bf..43fa889 100644
--- a/src/tests/end2end/ViewportOrientationTests.cpp
+++ b/src/tests/end2end/ViewportOrientationTests.cpp
@@ -58,10 +58,10 @@
     wgpu::CommandBuffer commands = encoder.Finish();
     queue.Submit(1, &commands);
 
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kGreen, renderPass.color, 0, 0);
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kZero, renderPass.color, 0, 1);
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kZero, renderPass.color, 1, 0);
-    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kZero, renderPass.color, 1, 1);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kGreen, renderPass.color, 0, 0);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kZero, renderPass.color, 0, 1);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kZero, renderPass.color, 1, 0);
+    EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(RGBA8::kZero, renderPass.color, 1, 1);
 }
 
 DAWN_INSTANTIATE_TEST(ViewportOrientationTests, D3D12Backend, MetalBackend, OpenGLBackend, VulkanBackend);
diff --git a/src/tests/end2end/ViewportTests.cpp b/src/tests/end2end/ViewportTests.cpp
index ed13f54..307dcc1 100644
--- a/src/tests/end2end/ViewportTests.cpp
+++ b/src/tests/end2end/ViewportTests.cpp
@@ -155,10 +155,10 @@
         wgpu::Queue queue = device.CreateQueue();
         queue.Submit(1, &commandBuffer);
 
-        constexpr RGBA8 kColor[ColorTypeCount] = {
-            kRed,  // top-left triangle is red
-            kGreen,  // bottom-right triangle is green
-            kBlue,  // background is blue
+        const RGBA8 kColor[ColorTypeCount] = {
+            RGBA8::kRed,    // top-left triangle is red
+            RGBA8::kGreen,  // bottom-right triangle is green
+            RGBA8::kBlue,   // background is blue
         };
 
         EXPECT_PIXEL_RGBA8_EQ(kColor[info.topLeftPoint], colorTexture1, 0, 0);