src/utils/WGPUHelpers.cpp - dawn - Git at Google

 // Copyright 2017 The Dawn Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 // You may obtain a copy of the License at
 //
 //     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 //
 // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.

 #include "utils/WGPUHelpers.h"

 #include "common/Assert.h"
 #include "common/Constants.h"
 #include "common/Log.h"
 #include "common/Math.h"
 #include "utils/TextureFormatUtils.h"

 #include <shaderc/shaderc.hpp>

 #include <cstring>
 #include <iomanip>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <sstream>

 namespace utils {

     namespace {

         shaderc_shader_kind ShadercShaderKind(SingleShaderStage stage) {
             switch (stage) {
                 case SingleShaderStage::Vertex:
                     return shaderc_glsl_vertex_shader;
                 case SingleShaderStage::Fragment:
                     return shaderc_glsl_fragment_shader;
                 case SingleShaderStage::Compute:
                     return shaderc_glsl_compute_shader;
                 default:
                     UNREACHABLE();
             }
         }

         wgpu::ShaderModule CreateShaderModuleFromResult(
             const wgpu::Device& device,
             const shaderc::SpvCompilationResult& result) {
             // result.cend and result.cbegin return pointers to uint32_t.
             const uint32_t* resultBegin = result.cbegin();
             const uint32_t* resultEnd = result.cend();
             // So this size is in units of sizeof(uint32_t).
             ptrdiff_t resultSize = resultEnd - resultBegin;
             // SetSource takes data as uint32_t*.

             wgpu::ShaderModuleSPIRVDescriptor spirvDesc;
             spirvDesc.codeSize = static_cast<uint32_t>(resultSize);
             spirvDesc.code = result.cbegin();

             wgpu::ShaderModuleDescriptor descriptor;
             descriptor.nextInChain = &spirvDesc;

             return device.CreateShaderModule(&descriptor);
         }

         class CompilerSingleton {
           public:
             static shaderc::Compiler* Get() {
                 std::call_once(mInitFlag, &CompilerSingleton::Initialize);
                 return mCompiler;
             }

           private:
             CompilerSingleton() = default;
             ~CompilerSingleton() = default;
             CompilerSingleton(const CompilerSingleton&) = delete;
             CompilerSingleton& operator=(const CompilerSingleton&) = delete;

             static shaderc::Compiler* mCompiler;
             static std::once_flag mInitFlag;

             static void Initialize() {
                 mCompiler = new shaderc::Compiler();
             }
         };

         shaderc::Compiler* CompilerSingleton::mCompiler = nullptr;
         std::once_flag CompilerSingleton::mInitFlag;

     }  // anonymous namespace

     wgpu::ShaderModule CreateShaderModule(const wgpu::Device& device,
                                           SingleShaderStage stage,
                                           const char* source) {
         shaderc_shader_kind kind = ShadercShaderKind(stage);

         shaderc::Compiler* compiler = CompilerSingleton::Get();
         auto result = compiler->CompileGlslToSpv(source, strlen(source), kind, "myshader?");
         if (result.GetCompilationStatus() != shaderc_compilation_status_success) {
             dawn::ErrorLog() << result.GetErrorMessage();
             return {};
         }
 #ifdef DUMP_SPIRV_ASSEMBLY
         {
             shaderc::CompileOptions options;
             auto resultAsm = compiler->CompileGlslToSpvAssembly(source, strlen(source), kind,
                                                                 "myshader?", options);
             size_t sizeAsm = (resultAsm.cend() - resultAsm.cbegin());

             char* buffer = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(sizeAsm + 1));
             memcpy(buffer, resultAsm.cbegin(), sizeAsm);
             buffer[sizeAsm] = '\0';
             printf("SPIRV ASSEMBLY DUMP START\n%s\nSPIRV ASSEMBLY DUMP END\n", buffer);
             free(buffer);
         }
 #endif

 #ifdef DUMP_SPIRV_JS_ARRAY
         printf("SPIRV JS ARRAY DUMP START\n");
         for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
             printf("%#010x", result.cbegin()[i]);
             if ((i + 1) % 4 == 0) {
                 printf(",\n");
             } else {
                 printf(", ");
             }
         }
         printf("\n");
         printf("SPIRV JS ARRAY DUMP END\n");
 #endif

         return CreateShaderModuleFromResult(device, result);
     }

     wgpu::ShaderModule CreateShaderModuleFromASM(const wgpu::Device& device, const char* source) {
         shaderc::Compiler* compiler = CompilerSingleton::Get();
         shaderc::SpvCompilationResult result = compiler->AssembleToSpv(source, strlen(source));
         if (result.GetCompilationStatus() != shaderc_compilation_status_success) {
             dawn::ErrorLog() << result.GetErrorMessage();
             return {};
         }

         return CreateShaderModuleFromResult(device, result);
     }

     std::vector<uint32_t> CompileGLSLToSpirv(SingleShaderStage stage, const char* source) {
         shaderc_shader_kind kind = ShadercShaderKind(stage);

         shaderc::Compiler* compiler = CompilerSingleton::Get();
         auto result = compiler->CompileGlslToSpv(source, strlen(source), kind, "myshader?");
         if (result.GetCompilationStatus() != shaderc_compilation_status_success) {
             dawn::ErrorLog() << result.GetErrorMessage();
             return {};
         }
         return {result.cbegin(), result.cend()};
     }

     wgpu::Buffer CreateBufferFromData(const wgpu::Device& device,
                                       const void* data,
                                       uint64_t size,
                                       wgpu::BufferUsage usage) {
         wgpu::BufferDescriptor descriptor;
         descriptor.size = size;
         descriptor.usage = usage | wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst;
         wgpu::Buffer buffer = device.CreateBuffer(&descriptor);

         device.GetDefaultQueue().WriteBuffer(buffer, 0, data, size);
         return buffer;
     }

     ComboRenderPassDescriptor::ComboRenderPassDescriptor(
         std::initializer_list<wgpu::TextureView> colorAttachmentInfo,
         wgpu::TextureView depthStencil) {
         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < kMaxColorAttachments; ++i) {
             cColorAttachments[i].loadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Clear;
             cColorAttachments[i].storeOp = wgpu::StoreOp::Store;
             cColorAttachments[i].clearColor = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f};
         }

         cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.clearDepth = 1.0f;
         cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.clearStencil = 0;
         cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.depthLoadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Clear;
         cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.depthStoreOp = wgpu::StoreOp::Store;
         cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.stencilLoadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Clear;
         cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.stencilStoreOp = wgpu::StoreOp::Store;

         colorAttachmentCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(colorAttachmentInfo.size());
         uint32_t colorAttachmentIndex = 0;
         for (const wgpu::TextureView& colorAttachment : colorAttachmentInfo) {
             if (colorAttachment.Get() != nullptr) {
                 cColorAttachments[colorAttachmentIndex].attachment = colorAttachment;
             }
             ++colorAttachmentIndex;
         }
         colorAttachments = cColorAttachments.data();

         if (depthStencil.Get() != nullptr) {
             cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.attachment = depthStencil;
             depthStencilAttachment = &cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo;
         } else {
             depthStencilAttachment = nullptr;
         }
     }

     ComboRenderPassDescriptor::ComboRenderPassDescriptor(const ComboRenderPassDescriptor& other) {
         *this = other;
     }

     const ComboRenderPassDescriptor& ComboRenderPassDescriptor::operator=(
         const ComboRenderPassDescriptor& otherRenderPass) {
         cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo = otherRenderPass.cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo;
         cColorAttachments = otherRenderPass.cColorAttachments;
         colorAttachmentCount = otherRenderPass.colorAttachmentCount;

         colorAttachments = cColorAttachments.data();

         if (otherRenderPass.depthStencilAttachment != nullptr) {
             // Assign desc.depthStencilAttachment to this->depthStencilAttachmentInfo;
             depthStencilAttachment = &cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo;
         } else {
             depthStencilAttachment = nullptr;
         }

         return *this;
     }

     BasicRenderPass::BasicRenderPass()
         : width(0),
           height(0),
           color(nullptr),
           colorFormat(wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA8Unorm),
           renderPassInfo({}) {
     }

     BasicRenderPass::BasicRenderPass(uint32_t texWidth,
                                      uint32_t texHeight,
                                      wgpu::Texture colorAttachment,
                                      wgpu::TextureFormat textureFormat)
         : width(texWidth),
           height(texHeight),
           color(colorAttachment),
           colorFormat(textureFormat),
           renderPassInfo({colorAttachment.CreateView()}) {
     }

     BasicRenderPass CreateBasicRenderPass(const wgpu::Device& device,
                                           uint32_t width,
                                           uint32_t height) {
         DAWN_ASSERT(width > 0 && height > 0);

         wgpu::TextureDescriptor descriptor;
         descriptor.dimension = wgpu::TextureDimension::e2D;
         descriptor.size.width = width;
         descriptor.size.height = height;
         descriptor.size.depth = 1;
         descriptor.sampleCount = 1;
         descriptor.format = BasicRenderPass::kDefaultColorFormat;
         descriptor.mipLevelCount = 1;
         descriptor.usage = wgpu::TextureUsage::OutputAttachment | wgpu::TextureUsage::CopySrc;
         wgpu::Texture color = device.CreateTexture(&descriptor);

         return BasicRenderPass(width, height, color);
     }

     wgpu::BufferCopyView CreateBufferCopyView(wgpu::Buffer buffer,
                                               uint64_t offset,
                                               uint32_t bytesPerRow,
                                               uint32_t rowsPerImage) {
         wgpu::BufferCopyView bufferCopyView;
         bufferCopyView.buffer = buffer;
         bufferCopyView.offset = offset;
         bufferCopyView.bytesPerRow = bytesPerRow;
         bufferCopyView.rowsPerImage = rowsPerImage;

         return bufferCopyView;
     }

     wgpu::TextureCopyView CreateTextureCopyView(wgpu::Texture texture,
                                                 uint32_t mipLevel,
                                                 wgpu::Origin3D origin) {
         wgpu::TextureCopyView textureCopyView;
         textureCopyView.texture = texture;
         textureCopyView.mipLevel = mipLevel;
         textureCopyView.origin = origin;

         return textureCopyView;
     }

     wgpu::SamplerDescriptor GetDefaultSamplerDescriptor() {
         wgpu::SamplerDescriptor desc = {};

         desc.minFilter = wgpu::FilterMode::Linear;
         desc.magFilter = wgpu::FilterMode::Linear;
         desc.mipmapFilter = wgpu::FilterMode::Linear;
         desc.addressModeU = wgpu::AddressMode::Repeat;
         desc.addressModeV = wgpu::AddressMode::Repeat;
         desc.addressModeW = wgpu::AddressMode::Repeat;

         return desc;
     }

     wgpu::PipelineLayout MakeBasicPipelineLayout(const wgpu::Device& device,
                                                  const wgpu::BindGroupLayout* bindGroupLayout) {
         wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor descriptor;
         if (bindGroupLayout != nullptr) {
             descriptor.bindGroupLayoutCount = 1;
             descriptor.bindGroupLayouts = bindGroupLayout;
         } else {
             descriptor.bindGroupLayoutCount = 0;
             descriptor.bindGroupLayouts = nullptr;
         }
         return device.CreatePipelineLayout(&descriptor);
     }

     wgpu::BindGroupLayout MakeBindGroupLayout(
         const wgpu::Device& device,
         std::initializer_list<wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry> entriesInitializer) {
         std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry> entries;
         for (const wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry& entry : entriesInitializer) {
             entries.push_back(entry);
         }

         wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor descriptor;
         descriptor.entryCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(entries.size());
         descriptor.entries = entries.data();
         return device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&descriptor);
     }

     BindingInitializationHelper::BindingInitializationHelper(uint32_t binding,
                                                              const wgpu::Sampler& sampler)
         : binding(binding), sampler(sampler) {
     }

     BindingInitializationHelper::BindingInitializationHelper(uint32_t binding,
                                                              const wgpu::TextureView& textureView)
         : binding(binding), textureView(textureView) {
     }

     BindingInitializationHelper::BindingInitializationHelper(uint32_t binding,
                                                              const wgpu::Buffer& buffer,
                                                              uint64_t offset,
                                                              uint64_t size)
         : binding(binding), buffer(buffer), offset(offset), size(size) {
     }

     wgpu::BindGroupEntry BindingInitializationHelper::GetAsBinding() const {
         wgpu::BindGroupEntry result;

         result.binding = binding;
         result.sampler = sampler;
         result.textureView = textureView;
         result.buffer = buffer;
         result.offset = offset;
         result.size = size;

         return result;
     }

     wgpu::BindGroup MakeBindGroup(
         const wgpu::Device& device,
         const wgpu::BindGroupLayout& layout,
         std::initializer_list<BindingInitializationHelper> entriesInitializer) {
         std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> entries;
         for (const BindingInitializationHelper& helper : entriesInitializer) {
             entries.push_back(helper.GetAsBinding());
         }

         wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor descriptor;
         descriptor.layout = layout;
         descriptor.entryCount = entries.size();
         descriptor.entries = entries.data();

         return device.CreateBindGroup(&descriptor);
     }

     uint32_t GetMinimumBytesPerRow(wgpu::TextureFormat format, uint32_t width) {
         const uint32_t bytesPerTexel = utils::GetTexelBlockSizeInBytes(format);
         return Align(bytesPerTexel * width, kTextureBytesPerRowAlignment);
     }

     uint32_t GetBytesInBufferTextureCopy(wgpu::TextureFormat format,
                                          uint32_t width,
                                          uint32_t bytesPerRow,
                                          uint32_t rowsPerImage,
                                          uint32_t copyArrayLayerCount) {
         const uint32_t bytesPerTexel = utils::GetTexelBlockSizeInBytes(format);
         const uint32_t bytesAtLastImage = bytesPerRow * (rowsPerImage - 1) + bytesPerTexel * width;
         return bytesPerRow * rowsPerImage * (copyArrayLayerCount - 1) + bytesAtLastImage;
     }

     // TODO(jiawei.shao@intel.com): support compressed texture formats
     BufferTextureCopyLayout GetBufferTextureCopyLayoutForTexture2DAtLevel(
         wgpu::TextureFormat format,
         wgpu::Extent3D textureSizeAtLevel0,
         uint32_t mipmapLevel,
         uint32_t rowsPerImage) {
         BufferTextureCopyLayout layout;

         layout.mipSize = {textureSizeAtLevel0.width >> mipmapLevel,
                           textureSizeAtLevel0.height >> mipmapLevel, textureSizeAtLevel0.depth};

         layout.bytesPerRow = GetMinimumBytesPerRow(format, layout.mipSize.width);
         layout.bytesPerImage = layout.bytesPerRow * rowsPerImage;

         layout.byteLength =
             GetBytesInBufferTextureCopy(format, layout.mipSize.width, layout.bytesPerRow,
                                         layout.mipSize.height, textureSizeAtLevel0.depth);

         const uint32_t bytesPerTexel = utils::GetTexelBlockSizeInBytes(format);
         layout.texelBlocksPerRow = layout.bytesPerRow / bytesPerTexel;
         layout.texelBlocksPerImage = layout.bytesPerImage / bytesPerTexel;
         layout.texelBlockCount = layout.byteLength / bytesPerTexel;

         return layout;
     }
 }  // namespace utils
	// Copyright 2017 The Dawn Authors
	//
	// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
	// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
	// You may obtain a copy of the License at
	//
	// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
	//
	// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
	// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
	// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
	// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
	// limitations under the License.

	#include "utils/WGPUHelpers.h"

	#include "common/Assert.h"
	#include "common/Constants.h"
	#include "common/Log.h"
	#include "common/Math.h"
	#include "utils/TextureFormatUtils.h"

	#include <shaderc/shaderc.hpp>

	#include <cstring>
	#include <iomanip>
	#include <mutex>
	#include <sstream>

	namespace utils {

	namespace {

	shaderc_shader_kind ShadercShaderKind(SingleShaderStage stage) {
	switch (stage) {
	case SingleShaderStage::Vertex:
	return shaderc_glsl_vertex_shader;
	case SingleShaderStage::Fragment:
	return shaderc_glsl_fragment_shader;
	case SingleShaderStage::Compute:
	return shaderc_glsl_compute_shader;
	default:
	UNREACHABLE();
	}
	}

	wgpu::ShaderModule CreateShaderModuleFromResult(
	const wgpu::Device& device,
	const shaderc::SpvCompilationResult& result) {
	// result.cend and result.cbegin return pointers to uint32_t.
	const uint32_t* resultBegin = result.cbegin();
	const uint32_t* resultEnd = result.cend();
	// So this size is in units of sizeof(uint32_t).
	ptrdiff_t resultSize = resultEnd - resultBegin;
	// SetSource takes data as uint32_t*.

	wgpu::ShaderModuleSPIRVDescriptor spirvDesc;
	spirvDesc.codeSize = static_cast<uint32_t>(resultSize);
	spirvDesc.code = result.cbegin();

	wgpu::ShaderModuleDescriptor descriptor;
	descriptor.nextInChain = &spirvDesc;

	return device.CreateShaderModule(&descriptor);
	}

	class CompilerSingleton {
	public:
	static shaderc::Compiler* Get() {
	std::call_once(mInitFlag, &CompilerSingleton::Initialize);
	return mCompiler;
	}

	private:
	CompilerSingleton() = default;
	~CompilerSingleton() = default;
	CompilerSingleton(const CompilerSingleton&) = delete;
	CompilerSingleton& operator=(const CompilerSingleton&) = delete;

	static shaderc::Compiler* mCompiler;
	static std::once_flag mInitFlag;

	static void Initialize() {
	mCompiler = new shaderc::Compiler();
	}
	};

	shaderc::Compiler* CompilerSingleton::mCompiler = nullptr;
	std::once_flag CompilerSingleton::mInitFlag;

	} // anonymous namespace

	wgpu::ShaderModule CreateShaderModule(const wgpu::Device& device,
	SingleShaderStage stage,
	const char* source) {
	shaderc_shader_kind kind = ShadercShaderKind(stage);

	shaderc::Compiler* compiler = CompilerSingleton::Get();
	auto result = compiler->CompileGlslToSpv(source, strlen(source), kind, "myshader?");
	if (result.GetCompilationStatus() != shaderc_compilation_status_success) {
	dawn::ErrorLog() << result.GetErrorMessage();
	return {};
	}
	#ifdef DUMP_SPIRV_ASSEMBLY
	{
	shaderc::CompileOptions options;
	auto resultAsm = compiler->CompileGlslToSpvAssembly(source, strlen(source), kind,
	"myshader?", options);
	size_t sizeAsm = (resultAsm.cend() - resultAsm.cbegin());

	char* buffer = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(sizeAsm + 1));
	memcpy(buffer, resultAsm.cbegin(), sizeAsm);
	buffer[sizeAsm] = '\0';
	printf("SPIRV ASSEMBLY DUMP START\n%s\nSPIRV ASSEMBLY DUMP END\n", buffer);
	free(buffer);
	}
	#endif

	#ifdef DUMP_SPIRV_JS_ARRAY
	printf("SPIRV JS ARRAY DUMP START\n");
	for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
	printf("%#010x", result.cbegin()[i]);
	if ((i + 1) % 4 == 0) {
	printf(",\n");
	} else {
	printf(", ");
	}
	}
	printf("\n");
	printf("SPIRV JS ARRAY DUMP END\n");
	#endif

	return CreateShaderModuleFromResult(device, result);
	}

	wgpu::ShaderModule CreateShaderModuleFromASM(const wgpu::Device& device, const char* source) {
	shaderc::Compiler* compiler = CompilerSingleton::Get();
	shaderc::SpvCompilationResult result = compiler->AssembleToSpv(source, strlen(source));
	if (result.GetCompilationStatus() != shaderc_compilation_status_success) {
	dawn::ErrorLog() << result.GetErrorMessage();
	return {};
	}

	return CreateShaderModuleFromResult(device, result);
	}

	std::vector<uint32_t> CompileGLSLToSpirv(SingleShaderStage stage, const char* source) {
	shaderc_shader_kind kind = ShadercShaderKind(stage);

	shaderc::Compiler* compiler = CompilerSingleton::Get();
	auto result = compiler->CompileGlslToSpv(source, strlen(source), kind, "myshader?");
	if (result.GetCompilationStatus() != shaderc_compilation_status_success) {
	dawn::ErrorLog() << result.GetErrorMessage();
	return {};
	}
	return {result.cbegin(), result.cend()};
	}

	wgpu::Buffer CreateBufferFromData(const wgpu::Device& device,
	const void* data,
	uint64_t size,
	wgpu::BufferUsage usage) {
	wgpu::BufferDescriptor descriptor;
	descriptor.size = size;
	descriptor.usage = usage \| wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst;
	wgpu::Buffer buffer = device.CreateBuffer(&descriptor);

	device.GetDefaultQueue().WriteBuffer(buffer, 0, data, size);
	return buffer;
	}

	ComboRenderPassDescriptor::ComboRenderPassDescriptor(
	std::initializer_list<wgpu::TextureView> colorAttachmentInfo,
	wgpu::TextureView depthStencil) {
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < kMaxColorAttachments; ++i) {
	cColorAttachments[i].loadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Clear;
	cColorAttachments[i].storeOp = wgpu::StoreOp::Store;
	cColorAttachments[i].clearColor = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f};
	}

	cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.clearDepth = 1.0f;
	cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.clearStencil = 0;
	cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.depthLoadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Clear;
	cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.depthStoreOp = wgpu::StoreOp::Store;
	cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.stencilLoadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Clear;
	cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.stencilStoreOp = wgpu::StoreOp::Store;

	colorAttachmentCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(colorAttachmentInfo.size());
	uint32_t colorAttachmentIndex = 0;
	for (const wgpu::TextureView& colorAttachment : colorAttachmentInfo) {
	if (colorAttachment.Get() != nullptr) {
	cColorAttachments[colorAttachmentIndex].attachment = colorAttachment;
	}
	++colorAttachmentIndex;
	}
	colorAttachments = cColorAttachments.data();

	if (depthStencil.Get() != nullptr) {
	cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo.attachment = depthStencil;
	depthStencilAttachment = &cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo;
	} else {
	depthStencilAttachment = nullptr;
	}
	}

	ComboRenderPassDescriptor::ComboRenderPassDescriptor(const ComboRenderPassDescriptor& other) {
	*this = other;
	}

	const ComboRenderPassDescriptor& ComboRenderPassDescriptor::operator=(
	const ComboRenderPassDescriptor& otherRenderPass) {
	cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo = otherRenderPass.cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo;
	cColorAttachments = otherRenderPass.cColorAttachments;
	colorAttachmentCount = otherRenderPass.colorAttachmentCount;

	colorAttachments = cColorAttachments.data();

	if (otherRenderPass.depthStencilAttachment != nullptr) {
	// Assign desc.depthStencilAttachment to this->depthStencilAttachmentInfo;
	depthStencilAttachment = &cDepthStencilAttachmentInfo;
	} else {
	depthStencilAttachment = nullptr;
	}

	return *this;
	}

	BasicRenderPass::BasicRenderPass()
	: width(0),
	height(0),
	color(nullptr),
	colorFormat(wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA8Unorm),
	renderPassInfo({}) {
	}

	BasicRenderPass::BasicRenderPass(uint32_t texWidth,
	uint32_t texHeight,
	wgpu::Texture colorAttachment,
	wgpu::TextureFormat textureFormat)
	: width(texWidth),
	height(texHeight),
	color(colorAttachment),
	colorFormat(textureFormat),
	renderPassInfo({colorAttachment.CreateView()}) {
	}

	BasicRenderPass CreateBasicRenderPass(const wgpu::Device& device,
	uint32_t width,
	uint32_t height) {
	DAWN_ASSERT(width > 0 && height > 0);

	wgpu::TextureDescriptor descriptor;
	descriptor.dimension = wgpu::TextureDimension::e2D;
	descriptor.size.width = width;
	descriptor.size.height = height;
	descriptor.size.depth = 1;
	descriptor.sampleCount = 1;
	descriptor.format = BasicRenderPass::kDefaultColorFormat;
	descriptor.mipLevelCount = 1;
	descriptor.usage = wgpu::TextureUsage::OutputAttachment \| wgpu::TextureUsage::CopySrc;
	wgpu::Texture color = device.CreateTexture(&descriptor);

	return BasicRenderPass(width, height, color);
	}

	wgpu::BufferCopyView CreateBufferCopyView(wgpu::Buffer buffer,
	uint64_t offset,
	uint32_t bytesPerRow,
	uint32_t rowsPerImage) {
	wgpu::BufferCopyView bufferCopyView;
	bufferCopyView.buffer = buffer;
	bufferCopyView.offset = offset;
	bufferCopyView.bytesPerRow = bytesPerRow;
	bufferCopyView.rowsPerImage = rowsPerImage;

	return bufferCopyView;
	}

	wgpu::TextureCopyView CreateTextureCopyView(wgpu::Texture texture,
	uint32_t mipLevel,
	wgpu::Origin3D origin) {
	wgpu::TextureCopyView textureCopyView;
	textureCopyView.texture = texture;
	textureCopyView.mipLevel = mipLevel;
	textureCopyView.origin = origin;

	return textureCopyView;
	}

	wgpu::SamplerDescriptor GetDefaultSamplerDescriptor() {
	wgpu::SamplerDescriptor desc = {};

	desc.minFilter = wgpu::FilterMode::Linear;
	desc.magFilter = wgpu::FilterMode::Linear;
	desc.mipmapFilter = wgpu::FilterMode::Linear;
	desc.addressModeU = wgpu::AddressMode::Repeat;
	desc.addressModeV = wgpu::AddressMode::Repeat;
	desc.addressModeW = wgpu::AddressMode::Repeat;

	return desc;
	}

	wgpu::PipelineLayout MakeBasicPipelineLayout(const wgpu::Device& device,
	const wgpu::BindGroupLayout* bindGroupLayout) {
	wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor descriptor;
	if (bindGroupLayout != nullptr) {
	descriptor.bindGroupLayoutCount = 1;
	descriptor.bindGroupLayouts = bindGroupLayout;
	} else {
	descriptor.bindGroupLayoutCount = 0;
	descriptor.bindGroupLayouts = nullptr;
	}
	return device.CreatePipelineLayout(&descriptor);
	}

	wgpu::BindGroupLayout MakeBindGroupLayout(
	const wgpu::Device& device,
	std::initializer_list<wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry> entriesInitializer) {
	std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry> entries;
	for (const wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry& entry : entriesInitializer) {
	entries.push_back(entry);
	}

	wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor descriptor;
	descriptor.entryCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(entries.size());
	descriptor.entries = entries.data();
	return device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&descriptor);
	}

	BindingInitializationHelper::BindingInitializationHelper(uint32_t binding,
	const wgpu::Sampler& sampler)
	: binding(binding), sampler(sampler) {
	}

	BindingInitializationHelper::BindingInitializationHelper(uint32_t binding,
	const wgpu::TextureView& textureView)
	: binding(binding), textureView(textureView) {
	}

	BindingInitializationHelper::BindingInitializationHelper(uint32_t binding,
	const wgpu::Buffer& buffer,
	uint64_t offset,
	uint64_t size)
	: binding(binding), buffer(buffer), offset(offset), size(size) {
	}

	wgpu::BindGroupEntry BindingInitializationHelper::GetAsBinding() const {
	wgpu::BindGroupEntry result;

	result.binding = binding;
	result.sampler = sampler;
	result.textureView = textureView;
	result.buffer = buffer;
	result.offset = offset;
	result.size = size;

	return result;
	}

	wgpu::BindGroup MakeBindGroup(
	const wgpu::Device& device,
	const wgpu::BindGroupLayout& layout,
	std::initializer_list<BindingInitializationHelper> entriesInitializer) {
	std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> entries;
	for (const BindingInitializationHelper& helper : entriesInitializer) {
	entries.push_back(helper.GetAsBinding());
	}

	wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor descriptor;
	descriptor.layout = layout;
	descriptor.entryCount = entries.size();
	descriptor.entries = entries.data();

	return device.CreateBindGroup(&descriptor);
	}

	uint32_t GetMinimumBytesPerRow(wgpu::TextureFormat format, uint32_t width) {
	const uint32_t bytesPerTexel = utils::GetTexelBlockSizeInBytes(format);
	return Align(bytesPerTexel * width, kTextureBytesPerRowAlignment);
	}

	uint32_t GetBytesInBufferTextureCopy(wgpu::TextureFormat format,
	uint32_t width,
	uint32_t bytesPerRow,
	uint32_t rowsPerImage,
	uint32_t copyArrayLayerCount) {
	const uint32_t bytesPerTexel = utils::GetTexelBlockSizeInBytes(format);
	const uint32_t bytesAtLastImage = bytesPerRow * (rowsPerImage - 1) + bytesPerTexel * width;
	return bytesPerRow * rowsPerImage * (copyArrayLayerCount - 1) + bytesAtLastImage;
	}

	// TODO(jiawei.shao@intel.com): support compressed texture formats
	BufferTextureCopyLayout GetBufferTextureCopyLayoutForTexture2DAtLevel(
	wgpu::TextureFormat format,
	wgpu::Extent3D textureSizeAtLevel0,
	uint32_t mipmapLevel,
	uint32_t rowsPerImage) {
	BufferTextureCopyLayout layout;

	layout.mipSize = {textureSizeAtLevel0.width >> mipmapLevel,
	textureSizeAtLevel0.height >> mipmapLevel, textureSizeAtLevel0.depth};

	layout.bytesPerRow = GetMinimumBytesPerRow(format, layout.mipSize.width);
	layout.bytesPerImage = layout.bytesPerRow * rowsPerImage;

	layout.byteLength =
	GetBytesInBufferTextureCopy(format, layout.mipSize.width, layout.bytesPerRow,
	layout.mipSize.height, textureSizeAtLevel0.depth);

	const uint32_t bytesPerTexel = utils::GetTexelBlockSizeInBytes(format);
	layout.texelBlocksPerRow = layout.bytesPerRow / bytesPerTexel;
	layout.texelBlocksPerImage = layout.bytesPerImage / bytesPerTexel;
	layout.texelBlockCount = layout.byteLength / bytesPerTexel;

	return layout;
	}
	} // namespace utils