[irval] Refactor function parameter type checks

Instead of checking for properties after determining that a param type
is invalid, push the property checks into the type checking function
and do them inline.

This makes the logic easier to follow, and allows us to produce more
precise errors that mention the property when something goes wrong.

Change-Id: Ic0c1339494cbb3d3dc576685d821a11b10cdfbce
Reviewed-on: https://dawn-review.googlesource.com/c/dawn/+/341739
Reviewed-by: dan sinclair <dsinclair@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: James Price <jrprice@google.com>