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// Copyright 2018 The Dawn Authors
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
#ifndef COMMON_RESULT_H_
#define COMMON_RESULT_H_
#include "common/Assert.h"
#include "common/Compiler.h"
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdint>
#include <utility>
// Result<T, E> is the following sum type (Haskell notation):
//
// data Result T E = Success T | Error E | Empty
//
// It is meant to be used as the return type of functions that might fail. The reason for the Empty
// case is that a Result should never be discarded, only destructured (its error or success moved
// out) or moved into a different Result. The Empty case tags Results that have been moved out and
// Result's destructor should ASSERT on it being Empty.
//
// Since C++ doesn't have efficient sum types for the special cases we care about, we provide
// template specializations for them.
template <typename T, typename E>
class Result;
// The interface of Result<T, E> shoud look like the following.
// public:
// Result(T&& success);
// Result(E&& error);
//
// Result(Result<T, E>&& other);
// Result<T, E>& operator=(Result<T, E>&& other);
//
// ~Result();
//
// bool IsError() const;
// bool IsSuccess() const;
//
// T&& AcquireSuccess();
// E&& AcquireError();
// Specialization of Result for returning errors only via pointers. It is basically a pointer
// where nullptr is both Success and Empty.
template <typename E>
class DAWN_NO_DISCARD Result<void, E*> {
public:
Result();
Result(E* error);
Result(Result<void, E*>&& other);
Result<void, E*>& operator=(Result<void, E>&& other);
~Result();
bool IsError() const;
bool IsSuccess() const;
void AcquireSuccess();
E* AcquireError();
private:
E* mError = nullptr;
};
// Uses SFINAE to try to get alignof(T) but fallback to Default if T isn't defined.
template <typename T, size_t Default, typename = size_t>
constexpr size_t alignof_if_defined_else_default = Default;
template <typename T, size_t Default>
constexpr size_t alignof_if_defined_else_default<T, Default, decltype(alignof(T))> = alignof(T);
// Specialization of Result when both the error an success are pointers. It is implemented as a
// tagged pointer. The tag for Success is 0 so that returning the value is fastest.
template <typename T, typename E>
class DAWN_NO_DISCARD Result<T*, E*> {
public:
static_assert(alignof_if_defined_else_default<T, 4> >= 4,
"Result<T*, E*> reserves two bits for tagging pointers");
static_assert(alignof_if_defined_else_default<E, 4> >= 4,
"Result<T*, E*> reserves two bits for tagging pointers");
Result(T* success);
Result(E* error);
Result(Result<T*, E*>&& other);
Result<T*, E*>& operator=(Result<T*, E>&& other);
~Result();
bool IsError() const;
bool IsSuccess() const;
T* AcquireSuccess();
E* AcquireError();
private:
enum PayloadType {
Success = 0,
Error = 1,
Empty = 2,
};
// Utility functions to manipulate the tagged pointer. Some of them don't need to be templated
// but we really want them inlined so we keep them in the headers
static intptr_t MakePayload(void* pointer, PayloadType type);
static PayloadType GetPayloadType(intptr_t payload);
static T* GetSuccessFromPayload(intptr_t payload);
static E* GetErrorFromPayload(intptr_t payload);
constexpr static intptr_t kEmptyPayload = Empty;
intptr_t mPayload = kEmptyPayload;
};
// Catchall definition of Result<T, E> implemented as a tagged struct. It could be improved to use
// a tagged union instead if it turns out to be a hotspot. T and E must be movable and default
// constructible.
template <typename T, typename E>
class DAWN_NO_DISCARD Result {
public:
Result(T&& success);
Result(E&& error);
Result(Result<T, E>&& other);
Result<T, E>& operator=(Result<T, E>&& other);
~Result();
bool IsError() const;
bool IsSuccess() const;
T&& AcquireSuccess();
E&& AcquireError();
private:
enum PayloadType {
Success = 0,
Error = 1,
Acquired = 2,
};
PayloadType mType;
E mError;
T mSuccess;
};
// Implementation of Result<void, E*>
template <typename E>
Result<void, E*>::Result() {
}
template <typename E>
Result<void, E*>::Result(E* error) : mError(error) {
}
template <typename E>
Result<void, E*>::Result(Result<void, E*>&& other) : mError(other.mError) {
other.mError = nullptr;
}
template <typename E>
Result<void, E*>& Result<void, E*>::operator=(Result<void, E>&& other) {
ASSERT(mError == nullptr);
mError = other.mError;
other.mError = nullptr;
return *this;
}
template <typename E>
Result<void, E*>::~Result() {
ASSERT(mError == nullptr);
}
template <typename E>
bool Result<void, E*>::IsError() const {
return mError != nullptr;
}
template <typename E>
bool Result<void, E*>::IsSuccess() const {
return mError == nullptr;
}
template <typename E>
void Result<void, E*>::AcquireSuccess() {
}
template <typename E>
E* Result<void, E*>::AcquireError() {
E* error = mError;
mError = nullptr;
return error;
}
// Implementation of Result<T*, E*>
template <typename T, typename E>
Result<T*, E*>::Result(T* success) : mPayload(MakePayload(success, Success)) {
}
template <typename T, typename E>
Result<T*, E*>::Result(E* error) : mPayload(MakePayload(error, Error)) {
}
template <typename T, typename E>
Result<T*, E*>::Result(Result<T*, E*>&& other) : mPayload(other.mPayload) {
other.mPayload = kEmptyPayload;
}
template <typename T, typename E>
Result<T*, E*>& Result<T*, E*>::operator=(Result<T*, E>&& other) {
ASSERT(mPayload == kEmptyPayload);
mPayload = other.mPayload;
other.mPayload = kEmptyPayload;
return *this;
}
template <typename T, typename E>
Result<T*, E*>::~Result() {
ASSERT(mPayload == kEmptyPayload);
}
template <typename T, typename E>
bool Result<T*, E*>::IsError() const {
return GetPayloadType(mPayload) == Error;
}
template <typename T, typename E>
bool Result<T*, E*>::IsSuccess() const {
return GetPayloadType(mPayload) == Success;
}
template <typename T, typename E>
T* Result<T*, E*>::AcquireSuccess() {
T* success = GetSuccessFromPayload(mPayload);
mPayload = kEmptyPayload;
return success;
}
template <typename T, typename E>
E* Result<T*, E*>::AcquireError() {
E* error = GetErrorFromPayload(mPayload);
mPayload = kEmptyPayload;
return error;
}
template <typename T, typename E>
intptr_t Result<T*, E*>::MakePayload(void* pointer, PayloadType type) {
intptr_t payload = reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(pointer);
ASSERT((payload & 3) == 0);
return payload | type;
}
template <typename T, typename E>
typename Result<T*, E*>::PayloadType Result<T*, E*>::GetPayloadType(intptr_t payload) {
return static_cast<PayloadType>(payload & 3);
}
template <typename T, typename E>
T* Result<T*, E*>::GetSuccessFromPayload(intptr_t payload) {
ASSERT(GetPayloadType(payload) == Success);
return reinterpret_cast<T*>(payload);
}
template <typename T, typename E>
E* Result<T*, E*>::GetErrorFromPayload(intptr_t payload) {
ASSERT(GetPayloadType(payload) == Error);
return reinterpret_cast<E*>(payload ^ 1);
}
// Implementation of Result<T, E>
template <typename T, typename E>
Result<T, E>::Result(T&& success) : mType(Success), mSuccess(std::move(success)) {
}
template <typename T, typename E>
Result<T, E>::Result(E&& error) : mType(Error), mError(std::move(error)) {
}
template <typename T, typename E>
Result<T, E>::~Result() {
ASSERT(mType == Acquired);
}
template <typename T, typename E>
Result<T, E>::Result(Result<T, E>&& other)
: mType(other.mType), mError(std::move(other.mError)), mSuccess(std::move(other.mSuccess)) {
other.mType = Acquired;
}
template <typename T, typename E>
Result<T, E>& Result<T, E>::operator=(Result<T, E>&& other) {
mType = other.mType;
mError = std::move(other.mError);
mSuccess = std::move(other.mSuccess);
other.mType = Acquired;
return *this;
}
template <typename T, typename E>
bool Result<T, E>::IsError() const {
return mType == Error;
}
template <typename T, typename E>
bool Result<T, E>::IsSuccess() const {
return mType == Success;
}
template <typename T, typename E>
T&& Result<T, E>::AcquireSuccess() {
ASSERT(mType == Success);
mType = Acquired;
return std::move(mSuccess);
}
template <typename T, typename E>
E&& Result<T, E>::AcquireError() {
ASSERT(mType == Error);
mType = Acquired;
return std::move(mError);
}
#endif // COMMON_RESULT_H_