Add writer to emit the AST.

This CL adds a new `SyntaxTree` writer and a `dump-syntax-tree` option
to the `tint` program which emits a copy of the AST to the terminal.

Change-Id: I83f6cd7aad3413b0a823728e8aac0d551421b33a
Reviewed-on: https://dawn-review.googlesource.com/c/dawn/+/122540
Reviewed-by: Ben Clayton <bclayton@google.com>
Commit-Queue: Dan Sinclair <dsinclair@chromium.org>
Kokoro: Kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 66e2dcd..59776f9 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -157,6 +157,7 @@
 option_if_not_defined(TINT_BUILD_SPV_WRITER "Build the SPIR-V output writer" ${DAWN_ENABLE_VULKAN})
 option_if_not_defined(TINT_BUILD_WGSL_WRITER "Build the WGSL output writer" ON)
 
+option_if_not_defined(TINT_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER "Build the syntax tree writer" OFF)
 option_if_not_defined(TINT_BUILD_IR "Build the IR" ON)
 
 option_if_not_defined(TINT_BUILD_FUZZERS "Build fuzzers" OFF)
@@ -292,6 +293,7 @@
 message(STATUS "Tint build MSL writer: ${TINT_BUILD_MSL_WRITER}")
 message(STATUS "Tint build SPIR-V writer: ${TINT_BUILD_SPV_WRITER}")
 message(STATUS "Tint build WGSL writer: ${TINT_BUILD_WGSL_WRITER}")
+message(STATUS "Tint build Syntax Tree writer: ${TINT_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER}")
 message(STATUS "Tint build IR: ${TINT_BUILD_IR}")
 message(STATUS "Tint build fuzzers: ${TINT_BUILD_FUZZERS}")
 message(STATUS "Tint build SPIRV-Tools fuzzer: ${TINT_BUILD_SPIRV_TOOLS_FUZZER}")
@@ -521,6 +523,8 @@
   target_compile_definitions(${TARGET} PUBLIC -DTINT_BUILD_MSL_WRITER=$<BOOL:${TINT_BUILD_MSL_WRITER}>)
   target_compile_definitions(${TARGET} PUBLIC -DTINT_BUILD_SPV_WRITER=$<BOOL:${TINT_BUILD_SPV_WRITER}>)
   target_compile_definitions(${TARGET} PUBLIC -DTINT_BUILD_WGSL_WRITER=$<BOOL:${TINT_BUILD_WGSL_WRITER}>)
+  target_compile_definitions(${TARGET} PUBLIC
+      -DTINT_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER=$<BOOL:${TINT_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER}>)
   target_compile_definitions(${TARGET} PUBLIC -DTINT_BUILD_IR=$<BOOL:${TINT_BUILD_IR}>)
 
   common_compile_options(${TARGET})
diff --git a/src/tint/BUILD.gn b/src/tint/BUILD.gn
index 89eb6eef..44b7406 100644
--- a/src/tint/BUILD.gn
+++ b/src/tint/BUILD.gn
@@ -78,6 +78,12 @@
     defines += [ "TINT_BUILD_GLSL_WRITER=0" ]
   }
 
+  if (tint_build_syntax_tree_writer) {
+    defines += [ "TINT_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER=1" ]
+  } else {
+    defines += [ "TINT_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER=0" ]
+  }
+
   include_dirs = [
     "${tint_root_dir}/",
     "${tint_root_dir}/include/",
@@ -1045,6 +1051,25 @@
   ]
 }
 
+libtint_source_set("libtint_syntax_tree_writer_src") {
+  sources = [
+    "writer/syntax_tree/generator.cc",
+    "writer/syntax_tree/generator.h",
+    "writer/syntax_tree/generator_impl.cc",
+    "writer/syntax_tree/generator_impl.h",
+  ]
+
+  deps = [
+    ":libtint_ast_src",
+    ":libtint_base_src",
+    ":libtint_builtins_src",
+    ":libtint_program_src",
+    ":libtint_sem_src",
+    ":libtint_type_src",
+    ":libtint_writer_src",
+  ]
+}
+
 source_set("libtint") {
   public_deps = [
     ":libtint_ast_src",
@@ -1089,6 +1114,10 @@
     public_deps += [ ":libtint_glsl_writer_src" ]
   }
 
+  if (tint_build_syntax_tree_writer) {
+    public_deps += [ ":libtint_syntax_tree_writer_src" ]
+  }
+
   configs += [ ":tint_common_config" ]
   public_configs = [ ":tint_public_config" ]
 
diff --git a/src/tint/CMakeLists.txt b/src/tint/CMakeLists.txt
index 1d31896..b46c8b1 100644
--- a/src/tint/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/tint/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -677,6 +677,15 @@
   )
 endif()
 
+if(${TINT_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER})
+    list(APPEND TINT_LIB_SRCS
+      writer/syntax_tree/generator.cc
+      writer/syntax_tree/generator.h
+      writer/syntax_tree/generator_impl.cc
+      writer/syntax_tree/generator_impl.h
+    )
+endif()
+
 if(${TINT_BUILD_IR})
   list(APPEND TINT_LIB_SRCS
     ir/binary.cc
diff --git a/src/tint/cmd/main.cc b/src/tint/cmd/main.cc
index 0b2aad2..22cbf0b 100644
--- a/src/tint/cmd/main.cc
+++ b/src/tint/cmd/main.cc
@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@
 #include "glslang/Public/ShaderLang.h"
 #endif  // TINT_BUILD_GLSL_WRITER
 
+#if TINT_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER
+#include "src/tint/writer/syntax_tree/generator.h"
+#endif  // TINT_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER
+
 #if TINT_BUILD_SPV_READER
 #include "spirv-tools/libspirv.hpp"
 #endif  // TINT_BUILD_SPV_READER
@@ -106,6 +110,10 @@
     bool dump_ir = false;
     bool dump_ir_graph = false;
 #endif  // TINT_BUILD_IR
+
+#if TINT_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER
+    bool dump_syntax_tree = false;
+#endif  // TINB_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER
 };
 
 const char kUsage[] = R"(Usage: tint [options] <input-file>
@@ -383,6 +391,10 @@
         } else if (arg == "--dump-ir-graph") {
             opts->dump_ir_graph = true;
 #endif  // TINT_BUILD_IR
+#if TINT_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER
+        } else if (arg == "--dump-ast") {
+            opts->dump_syntax_tree = true;
+#endif  // TINT_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER
         } else if (arg == "--xcrun") {
             ++i;
             if (i >= args.size()) {
@@ -1055,6 +1067,9 @@
             "  --dump-ir                 -- Writes the IR to stdout\n"
             "  --dump-ir-graph           -- Writes the IR graph to 'tint.dot' as a dot graph\n";
 #endif  // TINT_BUILD_IR
+#if TINT_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER
+        usage += "  --dump-ast                -- Writes the AST to stdout\n";
+#endif  // TINT_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER
 
         std::cout << usage << std::endl;
         return 0;
@@ -1092,6 +1107,18 @@
         return 1;
     }
 
+#if TINT_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER
+    if (options.dump_syntax_tree) {
+        tint::writer::syntax_tree::Options gen_options;
+        auto result = tint::writer::syntax_tree::Generate(program.get(), gen_options);
+        if (!result.success) {
+            std::cerr << "Failed to dump AST: " << result.error << std::endl;
+        } else {
+            std::cout << result.ast << std::endl;
+        }
+    }
+#endif  // TINT_BUILD_SYNTAX_TREE_WRITER
+
 #if TINT_BUILD_IR
     if (options.dump_ir || options.dump_ir_graph) {
         auto result = tint::ir::Module::FromProgram(program.get());
diff --git a/src/tint/writer/syntax_tree/generator.cc b/src/tint/writer/syntax_tree/generator.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6919d24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tint/writer/syntax_tree/generator.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Tint Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "src/tint/writer/syntax_tree/generator.h"
+#include "src/tint/writer/syntax_tree/generator_impl.h"
+
+namespace tint::writer::syntax_tree {
+
+Result::Result() = default;
+Result::~Result() = default;
+Result::Result(const Result&) = default;
+
+Result Generate(const Program* program, const Options&) {
+    Result result;
+
+    // Generate the AST dump.
+    auto impl = std::make_unique<GeneratorImpl>(program);
+    result.success = impl->Generate();
+    result.error = impl->error();
+    result.ast = impl->result();
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+}  // namespace tint::writer::syntax_tree
diff --git a/src/tint/writer/syntax_tree/generator.h b/src/tint/writer/syntax_tree/generator.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce81c3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tint/writer/syntax_tree/generator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Tint Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef SRC_TINT_WRITER_SYNTAX_TREE_GENERATOR_H_
+#define SRC_TINT_WRITER_SYNTAX_TREE_GENERATOR_H_
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "src/tint/writer/text.h"
+
+// Forward declarations
+namespace tint {
+class Program;
+}  // namespace tint
+
+namespace tint::writer::syntax_tree {
+
+class GeneratorImpl;
+
+/// Configuration options used for generating AST.
+struct Options {};
+
+/// The result produced when generating AST.
+struct Result {
+    /// Constructor
+    Result();
+
+    /// Destructor
+    ~Result();
+
+    /// Copy constructor
+    Result(const Result&);
+
+    /// True if generation was successful.
+    bool success = false;
+
+    /// The errors generated during code generation, if any.
+    std::string error;
+
+    /// The generated AST.
+    std::string ast = "";
+};
+
+/// Generate an AST dump for a program, according to a set of configuration options.
+/// The result will contain the AST, as well as success status and diagnostic information.
+/// @param program the program to dump
+/// @param options the configuration options to use when dumping
+/// @returns the resulting AST dump and supplementary information
+Result Generate(const Program* program, const Options& options);
+
+}  // namespace tint::writer::syntax_tree
+
+#endif  // SRC_TINT_WRITER_SYNTAX_TREE_GENERATOR_H_
diff --git a/src/tint/writer/syntax_tree/generator_impl.cc b/src/tint/writer/syntax_tree/generator_impl.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5e2f2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tint/writer/syntax_tree/generator_impl.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1349 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Tint Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "src/tint/writer/syntax_tree/generator_impl.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "src/tint/ast/alias.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/bool_literal_expression.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/call_statement.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/float_literal_expression.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/id_attribute.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/internal_attribute.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/interpolate_attribute.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/invariant_attribute.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/module.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/stage_attribute.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/stride_attribute.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/struct_member_align_attribute.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/struct_member_offset_attribute.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/struct_member_size_attribute.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/variable_decl_statement.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/workgroup_attribute.h"
+#include "src/tint/sem/struct.h"
+#include "src/tint/sem/switch_statement.h"
+#include "src/tint/utils/math.h"
+#include "src/tint/utils/scoped_assignment.h"
+#include "src/tint/writer/float_to_string.h"
+
+namespace tint::writer::syntax_tree {
+
+GeneratorImpl::GeneratorImpl(const Program* program) : TextGenerator(program) {}
+
+GeneratorImpl::~GeneratorImpl() = default;
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::Generate() {
+    // Generate global declarations in the order they appear in the module.
+    for (auto* decl : program_->AST().GlobalDeclarations()) {
+        if (!Switch(
+                decl,  //
+                [&](const ast::DiagnosticDirective* dd) {
+                    return EmitDiagnosticControl(dd->control);
+                },
+                [&](const ast::Enable* e) { return EmitEnable(e); },
+                [&](const ast::TypeDecl* td) { return EmitTypeDecl(td); },
+                [&](const ast::Function* func) { return EmitFunction(func); },
+                [&](const ast::Variable* var) { return EmitVariable(var); },
+                [&](const ast::ConstAssert* ca) { return EmitConstAssert(ca); },
+                [&](Default) {
+                    TINT_UNREACHABLE(Writer, diagnostics_);
+                    return false;
+                })) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (decl != program_->AST().GlobalDeclarations().Back()) {
+            line();
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitDiagnosticControl(const ast::DiagnosticControl& diagnostic) {
+    line() << "DiagnosticControl [severity: " << diagnostic.severity
+           << ", rule: " << program_->Symbols().NameFor(diagnostic.rule_name->symbol) << "]";
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitEnable(const ast::Enable* enable) {
+    line() << "Enable [" << enable->extension << "]";
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitTypeDecl(const ast::TypeDecl* ty) {
+    return Switch(
+        ty,
+        [&](const ast::Alias* alias) {  //
+            line() << "Alias [";
+            {
+                ScopedIndent ai(this);
+
+                line() << "name: " << program_->Symbols().NameFor(alias->name->symbol);
+                line() << "expr: ";
+                {
+                    ScopedIndent ex(this);
+                    if (!EmitExpression(alias->type)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            line() << "]";
+            return true;
+        },
+        [&](const ast::Struct* str) {  //
+            return EmitStructType(str);
+        },
+        [&](Default) {  //
+            diagnostics_.add_error(diag::System::Writer,
+                                   "unknown declared type: " + std::string(ty->TypeInfo().name));
+            return false;
+        });
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitExpression(const ast::Expression* expr) {
+    return Switch(
+        expr,
+        [&](const ast::IndexAccessorExpression* a) {  //
+            return EmitIndexAccessor(a);
+        },
+        [&](const ast::BinaryExpression* b) {  //
+            return EmitBinary(b);
+        },
+        [&](const ast::BitcastExpression* b) {  //
+            return EmitBitcast(b);
+        },
+        [&](const ast::CallExpression* c) {  //
+            return EmitCall(c);
+        },
+        [&](const ast::IdentifierExpression* i) {  //
+            return EmitIdentifier(i);
+        },
+        [&](const ast::LiteralExpression* l) {  //
+            return EmitLiteral(l);
+        },
+        [&](const ast::MemberAccessorExpression* m) {  //
+            return EmitMemberAccessor(m);
+        },
+        [&](const ast::PhonyExpression*) {  //
+            line() << "[PhonyExpression]";
+            return true;
+        },
+        [&](const ast::UnaryOpExpression* u) {  //
+            return EmitUnaryOp(u);
+        },
+        [&](Default) {
+            diagnostics_.add_error(diag::System::Writer, "unknown expression type");
+            return false;
+        });
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitIndexAccessor(const ast::IndexAccessorExpression* expr) {
+    line() << "IndexAccessorExpression [";
+    {
+        ScopedIndent iae(this);
+        line() << "object: ";
+        {
+            ScopedIndent obj(this);
+            if (!EmitExpression(expr->object)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        line() << "index: ";
+        {
+            ScopedIndent idx(this);
+            if (!EmitExpression(expr->index)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    line() << "]";
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitMemberAccessor(const ast::MemberAccessorExpression* expr) {
+    line() << "MemberAccessorExpression [";
+    {
+        ScopedIndent mae(this);
+
+        line() << "object: ";
+        {
+            ScopedIndent obj(this);
+            if (!EmitExpression(expr->object)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        line() << "member: " << program_->Symbols().NameFor(expr->member->symbol);
+    }
+    line() << "]";
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitBitcast(const ast::BitcastExpression* expr) {
+    line() << "BitcastExpression [";
+    {
+        ScopedIndent bc(this);
+        {
+            line() << "type: ";
+            ScopedIndent ty(this);
+            if (!EmitExpression(expr->type)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        {
+            line() << "expr: ";
+            ScopedIndent exp(this);
+            if (!EmitExpression(expr->expr)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    line() << "]";
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitCall(const ast::CallExpression* expr) {
+    line() << "Call [";
+    {
+        ScopedIndent cl(this);
+
+        line() << "target: [";
+        {
+            ScopedIndent tgt(this);
+            if (!EmitExpression(expr->target)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        line() << "]";
+
+        if (!expr->args.IsEmpty()) {
+            line() << "args: [";
+            {
+                ScopedIndent args(this);
+                for (auto* arg : expr->args) {
+                    line() << "arg: [";
+                    {
+                        ScopedIndent arg_val(this);
+                        if (!EmitExpression(arg)) {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    line() << "]";
+                }
+            }
+            line() << "]";
+        }
+    }
+    line() << "]";
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitLiteral(const ast::LiteralExpression* lit) {
+    bool ret = false;
+    line() << "LiteralExpression [";
+    {
+        ScopedIndent le(this);
+        ret = Switch(
+            lit,
+            [&](const ast::BoolLiteralExpression* l) {  //
+                line() << (l->value ? "true" : "false");
+                return true;
+            },
+            [&](const ast::FloatLiteralExpression* l) {  //
+                // f16 literals are also emitted as float value with suffix "h".
+                // Note that all normal and subnormal f16 values are normal f32 values, and since
+                // NaN and Inf are not allowed to be spelled in literal, it should be fine to emit
+                // f16 literals in this way.
+                if (l->suffix == ast::FloatLiteralExpression::Suffix::kNone) {
+                    line() << DoubleToBitPreservingString(l->value);
+                } else {
+                    line() << FloatToBitPreservingString(static_cast<float>(l->value)) << l->suffix;
+                }
+                return true;
+            },
+            [&](const ast::IntLiteralExpression* l) {  //
+                line() << l->value << l->suffix;
+                return true;
+            },
+            [&](Default) {  //
+                diagnostics_.add_error(diag::System::Writer, "unknown literal type");
+                return false;
+            });
+    }
+    line() << "]";
+    return ret;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitIdentifier(const ast::IdentifierExpression* expr) {
+    bool ret = false;
+    line() << "IdentifierExpression [";
+    {
+        ScopedIndent ie(this);
+        ret = EmitIdentifier(expr->identifier);
+    }
+    line() << "]";
+    return ret;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitIdentifier(const ast::Identifier* ident) {
+    line() << "Identifier [";
+    {
+        ScopedIndent id(this);
+        if (auto* tmpl_ident = ident->As<ast::TemplatedIdentifier>()) {
+            line() << "Templated [";
+            {
+                ScopedIndent tmpl(this);
+                if (!tmpl_ident->attributes.IsEmpty()) {
+                    line() << "attrs: [";
+                    {
+                        ScopedIndent attrs(this);
+                        EmitAttributes(tmpl_ident->attributes);
+                    }
+                    line() << "]";
+                }
+                line() << "name: " << program_->Symbols().NameFor(ident->symbol);
+                if (!tmpl_ident->arguments.IsEmpty()) {
+                    line() << "args: [";
+                    {
+                        ScopedIndent args(this);
+                        for (auto* expr : tmpl_ident->arguments) {
+                            if (!EmitExpression(expr)) {
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    line() << "]";
+                }
+            }
+            line() << "]";
+        } else {
+            line() << program_->Symbols().NameFor(ident->symbol);
+        }
+    }
+    line() << "]";
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitFunction(const ast::Function* func) {
+    line() << "Function [";
+    {
+        ScopedIndent funct(this);
+
+        if (func->attributes.Length()) {
+            line() << "attrs: [";
+            {
+                ScopedIndent attrs(this);
+                if (!EmitAttributes(func->attributes)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            line() << "]";
+        }
+        line() << "name: " << program_->Symbols().NameFor(func->name->symbol);
+
+        if (!func->params.IsEmpty()) {
+            line() << "params: [";
+            {
+                ScopedIndent args(this);
+                for (auto* v : func->params) {
+                    line() << "param: [";
+                    {
+                        ScopedIndent param(this);
+                        line() << "name: " << program_->Symbols().NameFor(v->name->symbol);
+                        if (!v->attributes.IsEmpty()) {
+                            line() << "attrs: [";
+                            {
+                                ScopedIndent attrs(this);
+                                if (!EmitAttributes(v->attributes)) {
+                                    return false;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            line() << "]";
+                        }
+                        line() << "type: [";
+                        {
+                            ScopedIndent ty(this);
+                            if (!EmitExpression(v->type)) {
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        line() << "]";
+                    }
+                    line() << "]";
+                }
+            }
+            line() << "]";
+        }
+
+        line() << "return: [";
+        {
+            ScopedIndent ret(this);
+
+            if (func->return_type || !func->return_type_attributes.IsEmpty()) {
+                if (!func->return_type_attributes.IsEmpty()) {
+                    line() << "attrs: [";
+                    {
+                        ScopedIndent attrs(this);
+                        if (!EmitAttributes(func->return_type_attributes)) {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    line() << "]";
+                }
+
+                line() << "type: [";
+                {
+                    ScopedIndent ty(this);
+                    if (!EmitExpression(func->return_type)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                line() << "]";
+            } else {
+                line() << "void";
+            }
+        }
+        line() << "]";
+        line() << "body: [";
+        {
+            ScopedIndent bdy(this);
+            if (func->body) {
+                if (!EmitBlockHeader(func->body)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (!EmitStatementsWithIndent(func->body->statements)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        line() << "]";
+    }
+    line() << "]";
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitImageFormat(const builtin::TexelFormat fmt) {
+    line() << "builtin::TexelFormat [" << fmt << "]";
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitStructType(const ast::Struct* str) {
+    line() << "Struct [";
+    {
+        ScopedIndent strct(this);
+
+        if (str->attributes.Length()) {
+            line() << "attrs: [";
+            {
+                ScopedIndent attrs(this);
+                if (!EmitAttributes(str->attributes)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            line() << "]";
+        }
+        line() << "name: " << program_->Symbols().NameFor(str->name->symbol);
+        line() << "members: [";
+        {
+            ScopedIndent membs(this);
+
+            for (auto* mem : str->members) {
+                line() << "StructMember[";
+                {
+                    ScopedIndent m(this);
+                    if (!mem->attributes.IsEmpty()) {
+                        line() << "attrs: [";
+                        {
+                            ScopedIndent attrs(this);
+                            if (!EmitAttributes(mem->attributes)) {
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        line() << "]";
+                    }
+
+                    line() << "name: " << program_->Symbols().NameFor(mem->name->symbol);
+                    line() << "type: [";
+                    {
+                        ScopedIndent ty(this);
+                        if (!EmitExpression(mem->type)) {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    line() << "]";
+                }
+            }
+            line() << "]";
+        }
+        line() << "]";
+    }
+    line() << "]";
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitVariable(const ast::Variable* v) {
+    line() << "Variable [";
+    {
+        ScopedIndent variable(this);
+        if (!v->attributes.IsEmpty()) {
+            line() << "attrs: [";
+            {
+                ScopedIndent attr(this);
+                if (!EmitAttributes(v->attributes)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            line() << "]";
+        }
+
+        bool ok = Switch(
+            v,  //
+            [&](const ast::Var* var) {
+                if (var->declared_address_space || var->declared_access) {
+                    line() << "Var [";
+                    {
+                        ScopedIndent vr(this);
+                        line() << "address_space: [";
+                        {
+                            ScopedIndent addr(this);
+                            if (!EmitExpression(var->declared_address_space)) {
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        line() << "]";
+                        if (var->declared_access) {
+                            line() << "access: [";
+                            {
+                                ScopedIndent acs(this);
+                                if (!EmitExpression(var->declared_access)) {
+                                    return false;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            line() << "]";
+                        }
+                    }
+                    line() << "]";
+                } else {
+                    line() << "Var []";
+                }
+                return true;
+            },
+            [&](const ast::Let*) {
+                line() << "Let []";
+                return true;
+            },
+            [&](const ast::Override*) {
+                line() << "Override []";
+                return true;
+            },
+            [&](const ast::Const*) {
+                line() << "Const []";
+                return true;
+            },
+            [&](Default) {
+                TINT_ICE(Writer, diagnostics_) << "unhandled variable type " << v->TypeInfo().name;
+                return false;
+            });
+        if (!ok) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        line() << "name: " << program_->Symbols().NameFor(v->name->symbol);
+
+        if (auto ty = v->type) {
+            line() << "type: [";
+            {
+                ScopedIndent vty(this);
+                if (!EmitExpression(ty)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            line() << "]";
+        }
+
+        if (v->initializer != nullptr) {
+            line() << "initializer: [";
+            {
+                ScopedIndent init(this);
+                if (!EmitExpression(v->initializer)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            line() << "]";
+        }
+    }
+    line() << "]";
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitAttributes(utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attrs) {
+    for (auto* attr : attrs) {
+        bool ok = Switch(
+            attr,
+            [&](const ast::WorkgroupAttribute* workgroup) {
+                auto values = workgroup->Values();
+                line() << "WorkgroupAttribute [";
+                {
+                    ScopedIndent wg(this);
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+                        if (values[i]) {
+                            if (!EmitExpression(values[i])) {
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                line() << "]";
+                return true;
+            },
+            [&](const ast::StageAttribute* stage) {
+                line() << "StageAttribute [" << stage->stage << "]";
+                return true;
+            },
+            [&](const ast::BindingAttribute* binding) {
+                line() << "BindingAttribute [";
+                {
+                    ScopedIndent ba(this);
+                    if (!EmitExpression(binding->expr)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                line() << "]";
+                return true;
+            },
+            [&](const ast::GroupAttribute* group) {
+                line() << "GroupAttribute [";
+                {
+                    ScopedIndent ga(this);
+                    if (!EmitExpression(group->expr)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                line() << "]";
+                return true;
+            },
+            [&](const ast::LocationAttribute* location) {
+                line() << "LocationAttribute [";
+                {
+                    ScopedIndent la(this);
+                    if (!EmitExpression(location->expr)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                line() << "]";
+                return true;
+            },
+            [&](const ast::BuiltinAttribute* builtin) {
+                line() << "BuiltinAttribute [";
+                {
+                    ScopedIndent ba(this);
+                    if (!EmitExpression(builtin->builtin)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                line() << "]";
+                return true;
+            },
+            [&](const ast::DiagnosticAttribute* diagnostic) {
+                return EmitDiagnosticControl(diagnostic->control);
+            },
+            [&](const ast::InterpolateAttribute* interpolate) {
+                line() << "InterpolateAttribute [";
+                {
+                    ScopedIndent ia(this);
+                    line() << "type: [";
+                    {
+                        ScopedIndent ty(this);
+                        if (!EmitExpression(interpolate->type)) {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    line() << "]";
+                    if (interpolate->sampling) {
+                        line() << "sampling: [";
+                        {
+                            ScopedIndent sa(this);
+                            if (!EmitExpression(interpolate->sampling)) {
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        line() << "]";
+                    }
+                }
+                line() << "]";
+                return true;
+            },
+            [&](const ast::InvariantAttribute*) {
+                line() << "InvariantAttribute []";
+                return true;
+            },
+            [&](const ast::IdAttribute* override_deco) {
+                line() << "IdAttribute [";
+                {
+                    ScopedIndent id(this);
+                    if (!EmitExpression(override_deco->expr)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                line() << "]";
+                return true;
+            },
+            [&](const ast::MustUseAttribute*) {
+                line() << "MustUseAttribute []";
+                return true;
+            },
+            [&](const ast::StructMemberOffsetAttribute* offset) {
+                line() << "StructMemberOffsetAttribute [";
+                {
+                    ScopedIndent smoa(this);
+                    if (!EmitExpression(offset->expr)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                line() << "]";
+                return true;
+            },
+            [&](const ast::StructMemberSizeAttribute* size) {
+                line() << "StructMemberSizeAttribute [";
+                {
+                    ScopedIndent smsa(this);
+                    if (!EmitExpression(size->expr)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                line() << "]";
+                return true;
+            },
+            [&](const ast::StructMemberAlignAttribute* align) {
+                line() << "StructMemberAlignAttribute [";
+                {
+                    ScopedIndent smaa(this);
+                    if (!EmitExpression(align->expr)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                line() << "]";
+                return true;
+            },
+            [&](const ast::StrideAttribute* stride) {
+                line() << "StrideAttribute [" << stride->stride << "]";
+                return true;
+            },
+            [&](const ast::InternalAttribute* internal) {
+                line() << "InternalAttribute [" << internal->InternalName() << "]";
+                return true;
+            },
+            [&](Default) {
+                TINT_ICE(Writer, diagnostics_)
+                    << "Unsupported attribute '" << attr->TypeInfo().name << "'";
+                return false;
+            });
+
+        if (!ok) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitBinary(const ast::BinaryExpression* expr) {
+    line() << "BinaryExpression [";
+    {
+        ScopedIndent be(this);
+        line() << "lhs: [";
+        {
+            ScopedIndent lhs(this);
+
+            if (!EmitExpression(expr->lhs)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        line() << "]";
+        line() << "op: [";
+        {
+            ScopedIndent op(this);
+            if (!EmitBinaryOp(expr->op)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        line() << "]";
+        line() << "rhs: [";
+        {
+            ScopedIndent rhs(this);
+            if (!EmitExpression(expr->rhs)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        line() << "]";
+    }
+    line() << "]";
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitBinaryOp(const ast::BinaryOp op) {
+    switch (op) {
+        case ast::BinaryOp::kAnd:
+            line() << "&";
+            break;
+        case ast::BinaryOp::kOr:
+            line() << "|";
+            break;
+        case ast::BinaryOp::kXor:
+            line() << "^";
+            break;
+        case ast::BinaryOp::kLogicalAnd:
+            line() << "&&";
+            break;
+        case ast::BinaryOp::kLogicalOr:
+            line() << "||";
+            break;
+        case ast::BinaryOp::kEqual:
+            line() << "==";
+            break;
+        case ast::BinaryOp::kNotEqual:
+            line() << "!=";
+            break;
+        case ast::BinaryOp::kLessThan:
+            line() << "<";
+            break;
+        case ast::BinaryOp::kGreaterThan:
+            line() << ">";
+            break;
+        case ast::BinaryOp::kLessThanEqual:
+            line() << "<=";
+            break;
+        case ast::BinaryOp::kGreaterThanEqual:
+            line() << ">=";
+            break;
+        case ast::BinaryOp::kShiftLeft:
+            line() << "<<";
+            break;
+        case ast::BinaryOp::kShiftRight:
+            line() << ">>";
+            break;
+        case ast::BinaryOp::kAdd:
+            line() << "+";
+            break;
+        case ast::BinaryOp::kSubtract:
+            line() << "-";
+            break;
+        case ast::BinaryOp::kMultiply:
+            line() << "*";
+            break;
+        case ast::BinaryOp::kDivide:
+            line() << "/";
+            break;
+        case ast::BinaryOp::kModulo:
+            line() << "%";
+            break;
+        case ast::BinaryOp::kNone:
+            diagnostics_.add_error(diag::System::Writer, "missing binary operation type");
+            return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitUnaryOp(const ast::UnaryOpExpression* expr) {
+    line() << "UnaryOpExpression [";
+    {
+        ScopedIndent uoe(this);
+        line() << "op: [";
+        {
+            ScopedIndent op(this);
+            switch (expr->op) {
+                case ast::UnaryOp::kAddressOf:
+                    line() << "&";
+                    break;
+                case ast::UnaryOp::kComplement:
+                    line() << "~";
+                    break;
+                case ast::UnaryOp::kIndirection:
+                    line() << "*";
+                    break;
+                case ast::UnaryOp::kNot:
+                    line() << "!";
+                    break;
+                case ast::UnaryOp::kNegation:
+                    line() << "-";
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+        line() << "]";
+        line() << "expr: [";
+        {
+            ScopedIndent ex(this);
+            if (!EmitExpression(expr->expr)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        line() << "]";
+    }
+    line() << "]";
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitBlock(const ast::BlockStatement* stmt) {
+    {
+        if (!EmitBlockHeader(stmt)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    if (!EmitStatementsWithIndent(stmt->statements)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitBlockHeader(const ast::BlockStatement* stmt) {
+    if (!stmt->attributes.IsEmpty()) {
+        line() << "attrs: [";
+        {
+            ScopedIndent attrs(this);
+            if (!EmitAttributes(stmt->attributes)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        line() << "]";
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitStatement(const ast::Statement* stmt) {
+    return Switch(
+        stmt,  //
+        [&](const ast::AssignmentStatement* a) { return EmitAssign(a); },
+        [&](const ast::BlockStatement* b) { return EmitBlock(b); },
+        [&](const ast::BreakStatement* b) { return EmitBreak(b); },
+        [&](const ast::BreakIfStatement* b) { return EmitBreakIf(b); },
+        [&](const ast::CallStatement* c) { return EmitCall(c->expr); },
+        [&](const ast::CompoundAssignmentStatement* c) { return EmitCompoundAssign(c); },
+        [&](const ast::ContinueStatement* c) { return EmitContinue(c); },
+        [&](const ast::DiscardStatement* d) { return EmitDiscard(d); },
+        [&](const ast::IfStatement* i) { return EmitIf(i); },
+        [&](const ast::IncrementDecrementStatement* l) { return EmitIncrementDecrement(l); },
+        [&](const ast::LoopStatement* l) { return EmitLoop(l); },
+        [&](const ast::ForLoopStatement* l) { return EmitForLoop(l); },
+        [&](const ast::WhileStatement* l) { return EmitWhile(l); },
+        [&](const ast::ReturnStatement* r) { return EmitReturn(r); },
+        [&](const ast::ConstAssert* c) { return EmitConstAssert(c); },
+        [&](const ast::SwitchStatement* s) { return EmitSwitch(s); },
+        [&](const ast::VariableDeclStatement* v) { return EmitVariable(v->variable); },
+        [&](Default) {
+            diagnostics_.add_error(diag::System::Writer,
+                                   "unknown statement type: " + std::string(stmt->TypeInfo().name));
+            return false;
+        });
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitStatements(utils::VectorRef<const ast::Statement*> stmts) {
+    for (auto* s : stmts) {
+        if (!EmitStatement(s)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitStatementsWithIndent(utils::VectorRef<const ast::Statement*> stmts) {
+    ScopedIndent si(this);
+    return EmitStatements(stmts);
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitAssign(const ast::AssignmentStatement* stmt) {
+    line() << "AssignmentStatement [";
+    {
+        ScopedIndent as(this);
+        line() << "lhs: [";
+        {
+            ScopedIndent lhs(this);
+            if (!EmitExpression(stmt->lhs)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        line() << "]";
+        line() << "rhs: [";
+        {
+            ScopedIndent rhs(this);
+            if (!EmitExpression(stmt->rhs)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            line() << "]";
+        }
+    }
+    line() << "]";
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitBreak(const ast::BreakStatement*) {
+    line() << "BreakStatement []";
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitBreakIf(const ast::BreakIfStatement* b) {
+    line() << "BreakIfStatement [";
+    {
+        ScopedIndent bis(this);
+        if (!EmitExpression(b->condition)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    line() << "]";
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitCase(const ast::CaseStatement* stmt) {
+    line() << "CaseStatement [";
+    {
+        ScopedIndent cs(this);
+        if (stmt->selectors.Length() == 1 && stmt->ContainsDefault()) {
+            line() << "selector: default";
+            if (!EmitBlockHeader(stmt->body)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            line() << "selectors: [";
+            {
+                ScopedIndent sels(this);
+                for (auto* sel : stmt->selectors) {
+                    if (sel->IsDefault()) {
+                        line() << "default []";
+                    } else if (!EmitExpression(sel->expr)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            line() << "]";
+            if (!EmitBlockHeader(stmt->body)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!EmitStatementsWithIndent(stmt->body->statements)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    line() << "]";
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitCompoundAssign(const ast::CompoundAssignmentStatement* stmt) {
+    line() << "CompoundAssignmentStatement [";
+    {
+        ScopedIndent cas(this);
+        line() << "lhs: [";
+        {
+            ScopedIndent lhs(this);
+            if (!EmitExpression(stmt->lhs)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        line() << "]";
+
+        line() << "op: [";
+        {
+            ScopedIndent op(this);
+            if (!EmitBinaryOp(stmt->op)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        line() << "]";
+        line() << "rhs: [";
+        {
+            ScopedIndent rhs(this);
+
+            if (!EmitExpression(stmt->rhs)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        line() << "]";
+    }
+    line() << "]";
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitContinue(const ast::ContinueStatement*) {
+    line() << "ContinueStatement []";
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitIf(const ast::IfStatement* stmt) {
+    {
+        line() << "IfStatement [";
+        {
+            ScopedIndent ifs(this);
+            line() << "condition: [";
+            {
+                ScopedIndent cond(this);
+                if (!EmitExpression(stmt->condition)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            line() << "]";
+            if (!EmitBlockHeader(stmt->body)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        line() << "] ";
+    }
+    if (!EmitStatementsWithIndent(stmt->body->statements)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const ast::Statement* e = stmt->else_statement;
+    while (e) {
+        if (auto* elseif = e->As<ast::IfStatement>()) {
+            {
+                line() << "Else IfStatement [";
+                {
+                    ScopedIndent ifs(this);
+                    line() << "condition: [";
+                    if (!EmitExpression(elseif->condition)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                line() << "]";
+                if (!EmitBlockHeader(elseif->body)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            line() << "]";
+            if (!EmitStatementsWithIndent(elseif->body->statements)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            e = elseif->else_statement;
+        } else {
+            auto* body = e->As<ast::BlockStatement>();
+            {
+                line() << "Else [";
+                {
+                    ScopedIndent els(this);
+                    if (!EmitBlockHeader(body)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                line() << "]";
+            }
+            if (!EmitStatementsWithIndent(body->statements)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitIncrementDecrement(const ast::IncrementDecrementStatement* stmt) {
+    line() << "IncrementDecrementStatement [";
+    {
+        ScopedIndent ids(this);
+        line() << "expr: [";
+        if (!EmitExpression(stmt->lhs)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        line() << "]";
+        line() << "dir: " << (stmt->increment ? "++" : "--");
+    }
+    line() << "]";
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitDiscard(const ast::DiscardStatement*) {
+    line() << "DiscardStatement []";
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitLoop(const ast::LoopStatement* stmt) {
+    line() << "LoopStatement [";
+    {
+        ScopedIndent ls(this);
+        if (!EmitStatements(stmt->body->statements)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (stmt->continuing && !stmt->continuing->Empty()) {
+            line() << "Continuing [";
+            {
+                ScopedIndent cont(this);
+                if (!EmitStatementsWithIndent(stmt->continuing->statements)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            line() << "]";
+        }
+    }
+    line() << "]";
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitForLoop(const ast::ForLoopStatement* stmt) {
+    TextBuffer init_buf;
+    if (auto* init = stmt->initializer) {
+        TINT_SCOPED_ASSIGNMENT(current_buffer_, &init_buf);
+        if (!EmitStatement(init)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    TextBuffer cont_buf;
+    if (auto* cont = stmt->continuing) {
+        TINT_SCOPED_ASSIGNMENT(current_buffer_, &cont_buf);
+        if (!EmitStatement(cont)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    line() << "ForLoopStatement [";
+    {
+        ScopedIndent fs(this);
+
+        line() << "initializer: [";
+        {
+            ScopedIndent init(this);
+            switch (init_buf.lines.size()) {
+                case 0:  // No initializer
+                    break;
+                case 1:  // Single line initializer statement
+                    line() << TrimSuffix(init_buf.lines[0].content, ";");
+                    break;
+                default:  // Block initializer statement
+                    for (size_t i = 1; i < init_buf.lines.size(); i++) {
+                        // Indent all by the first line
+                        init_buf.lines[i].indent += current_buffer_->current_indent;
+                    }
+                    line() << TrimSuffix(init_buf.String(), "\n");
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+        line() << "]";
+        line() << "condition: [";
+        {
+            ScopedIndent con(this);
+            if (auto* cond = stmt->condition) {
+                if (!EmitExpression(cond)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        line() << "]";
+        line() << "continuing: [";
+        {
+            ScopedIndent cont(this);
+            switch (cont_buf.lines.size()) {
+                case 0:  // No continuing
+                    break;
+                case 1:  // Single line continuing statement
+                    line() << TrimSuffix(cont_buf.lines[0].content, ";");
+                    break;
+                default:  // Block continuing statement
+                    for (size_t i = 1; i < cont_buf.lines.size(); i++) {
+                        // Indent all by the first line
+                        cont_buf.lines[i].indent += current_buffer_->current_indent;
+                    }
+                    line() << TrimSuffix(cont_buf.String(), "\n");
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!EmitBlockHeader(stmt->body)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!EmitStatementsWithIndent(stmt->body->statements)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    line() << "]";
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitWhile(const ast::WhileStatement* stmt) {
+    line() << "WhileStatement [";
+    {
+        ScopedIndent ws(this);
+        {
+            auto* cond = stmt->condition;
+            if (!EmitExpression(cond)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!EmitBlockHeader(stmt->body)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!EmitStatementsWithIndent(stmt->body->statements)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    line() << "]";
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitReturn(const ast::ReturnStatement* stmt) {
+    line() << "ReturnStatement [";
+    {
+        ScopedIndent ret(this);
+        if (stmt->value) {
+            if (!EmitExpression(stmt->value)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    line() << "]";
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitConstAssert(const ast::ConstAssert* stmt) {
+    line() << "ConstAssert [";
+    {
+        ScopedIndent ca(this);
+        if (!EmitExpression(stmt->condition)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    line() << "]";
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GeneratorImpl::EmitSwitch(const ast::SwitchStatement* stmt) {
+    line() << "SwitchStatement [";
+    {
+        ScopedIndent ss(this);
+        line() << "condition: [";
+        {
+            ScopedIndent cond(this);
+            if (!EmitExpression(stmt->condition)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        line() << "]";
+
+        {
+            ScopedIndent si(this);
+            for (auto* s : stmt->body) {
+                if (!EmitCase(s)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    line() << "]";
+    return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace tint::writer::syntax_tree
diff --git a/src/tint/writer/syntax_tree/generator_impl.h b/src/tint/writer/syntax_tree/generator_impl.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b9a187
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tint/writer/syntax_tree/generator_impl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Tint Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef SRC_TINT_WRITER_SYNTAX_TREE_GENERATOR_IMPL_H_
+#define SRC_TINT_WRITER_SYNTAX_TREE_GENERATOR_IMPL_H_
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "src/tint/ast/assignment_statement.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/binary_expression.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/bitcast_expression.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/break_if_statement.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/break_statement.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/compound_assignment_statement.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/continue_statement.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/discard_statement.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/for_loop_statement.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/if_statement.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/index_accessor_expression.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/loop_statement.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/member_accessor_expression.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/return_statement.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/switch_statement.h"
+#include "src/tint/ast/unary_op_expression.h"
+#include "src/tint/program.h"
+#include "src/tint/sem/struct.h"
+#include "src/tint/utils/string_stream.h"
+#include "src/tint/writer/text_generator.h"
+
+namespace tint::writer::syntax_tree {
+
+/// Implementation class for AST generator
+class GeneratorImpl : public TextGenerator {
+  public:
+    /// Constructor
+    /// @param program the program
+    explicit GeneratorImpl(const Program* program);
+    ~GeneratorImpl();
+
+    /// Generates the result data
+    /// @returns true on successful generation; false otherwise
+    bool Generate();
+
+    /// Handles generating a diagnostic control
+    /// @param diagnostic the diagnostic control node
+    /// @returns true if the diagnostic control was emitted
+    bool EmitDiagnosticControl(const ast::DiagnosticControl& diagnostic);
+    /// Handles generating an enable directive
+    /// @param enable the enable node
+    /// @returns true if the enable directive was emitted
+    bool EmitEnable(const ast::Enable* enable);
+    /// Handles generating a declared type
+    /// @param ty the declared type to generate
+    /// @returns true if the declared type was emitted
+    bool EmitTypeDecl(const ast::TypeDecl* ty);
+    /// Handles an index accessor expression
+    /// @param expr the expression to emit
+    /// @returns true if the index accessor was emitted
+    bool EmitIndexAccessor(const ast::IndexAccessorExpression* expr);
+    /// Handles an assignment statement
+    /// @param stmt the statement to emit
+    /// @returns true if the statement was emitted successfully
+    bool EmitAssign(const ast::AssignmentStatement* stmt);
+    /// Handles generating a binary expression
+    /// @param expr the binary expression
+    /// @returns true if the expression was emitted, false otherwise
+    bool EmitBinary(const ast::BinaryExpression* expr);
+    /// Handles generating a binary operator
+    /// @param op the binary operator
+    /// @returns true if the operator was emitted, false otherwise
+    bool EmitBinaryOp(const ast::BinaryOp op);
+    /// Handles generating a bitcast expression
+    /// @param expr the bitcast expression
+    /// @returns true if the bitcast was emitted
+    bool EmitBitcast(const ast::BitcastExpression* expr);
+    /// Handles a block statement
+    /// @param stmt the statement to emit
+    /// @returns true if the statement was emitted successfully
+    bool EmitBlock(const ast::BlockStatement* stmt);
+    /// Handles emitting the start of a block statement (including attributes)
+    /// @param stmt the block statement to emit the header for
+    /// @returns true if the statement was emitted successfully
+    bool EmitBlockHeader(const ast::BlockStatement* stmt);
+    /// Handles a break statement
+    /// @param stmt the statement to emit
+    /// @returns true if the statement was emitted successfully
+    bool EmitBreak(const ast::BreakStatement* stmt);
+    /// Handles a break-if statement
+    /// @param stmt the statement to emit
+    /// @returns true if the statement was emitted successfully
+    bool EmitBreakIf(const ast::BreakIfStatement* stmt);
+    /// Handles generating a call expression
+    /// @param expr the call expression
+    /// @returns true if the call expression is emitted
+    bool EmitCall(const ast::CallExpression* expr);
+    /// Handles a case statement
+    /// @param stmt the statement
+    /// @returns true if the statment was emitted successfully
+    bool EmitCase(const ast::CaseStatement* stmt);
+    /// Handles a compound assignment statement
+    /// @param stmt the statement to emit
+    /// @returns true if the statement was emitted successfully
+    bool EmitCompoundAssign(const ast::CompoundAssignmentStatement* stmt);
+    /// Handles generating a literal expression
+    /// @param expr the literal expression expression
+    /// @returns true if the literal expression is emitted
+    bool EmitLiteral(const ast::LiteralExpression* expr);
+    /// Handles a continue statement
+    /// @param stmt the statement to emit
+    /// @returns true if the statement was emitted successfully
+    bool EmitContinue(const ast::ContinueStatement* stmt);
+    /// Handles generate an Expression
+    /// @param expr the expression
+    /// @returns true if the expression was emitted
+    bool EmitExpression(const ast::Expression* expr);
+    /// Handles generating a function
+    /// @param func the function to generate
+    /// @returns true if the function was emitted
+    bool EmitFunction(const ast::Function* func);
+    /// Handles generating an identifier expression
+    /// @param expr the identifier expression
+    /// @returns true if the identifier was emitted
+    bool EmitIdentifier(const ast::IdentifierExpression* expr);
+    /// Handles generating an identifier
+    /// @param ident the identifier
+    /// @returns true if the identifier was emitted
+    bool EmitIdentifier(const ast::Identifier* ident);
+    /// Handles an if statement
+    /// @param stmt the statement to emit
+    /// @returns true if the statement was successfully emitted
+    bool EmitIf(const ast::IfStatement* stmt);
+    /// Handles an increment/decrement statement
+    /// @param stmt the statement to emit
+    /// @returns true if the statement was successfully emitted
+    bool EmitIncrementDecrement(const ast::IncrementDecrementStatement* stmt);
+    /// Handles generating a discard statement
+    /// @param stmt the discard statement
+    /// @returns true if the statement was successfully emitted
+    bool EmitDiscard(const ast::DiscardStatement* stmt);
+    /// Handles a loop statement
+    /// @param stmt the statement to emit
+    /// @returns true if the statement was emtited
+    bool EmitLoop(const ast::LoopStatement* stmt);
+    /// Handles a for-loop statement
+    /// @param stmt the statement to emit
+    /// @returns true if the statement was emtited
+    bool EmitForLoop(const ast::ForLoopStatement* stmt);
+    /// Handles a while statement
+    /// @param stmt the statement to emit
+    /// @returns true if the statement was emtited
+    bool EmitWhile(const ast::WhileStatement* stmt);
+    /// Handles a member accessor expression
+    /// @param expr the member accessor expression
+    /// @returns true if the member accessor was emitted
+    bool EmitMemberAccessor(const ast::MemberAccessorExpression* expr);
+    /// Handles return statements
+    /// @param stmt the statement to emit
+    /// @returns true if the statement was successfully emitted
+    bool EmitReturn(const ast::ReturnStatement* stmt);
+    /// Handles const assertion statements
+    /// @param stmt the statement to emit
+    /// @returns true if the statement was successfully emitted
+    bool EmitConstAssert(const ast::ConstAssert* stmt);
+    /// Handles statement
+    /// @param stmt the statement to emit
+    /// @returns true if the statement was emitted
+    bool EmitStatement(const ast::Statement* stmt);
+    /// Handles a statement list
+    /// @param stmts the statements to emit
+    /// @returns true if the statements were emitted
+    bool EmitStatements(utils::VectorRef<const ast::Statement*> stmts);
+    /// Handles a statement list with an increased indentation
+    /// @param stmts the statements to emit
+    /// @returns true if the statements were emitted
+    bool EmitStatementsWithIndent(utils::VectorRef<const ast::Statement*> stmts);
+    /// Handles generating a switch statement
+    /// @param stmt the statement to emit
+    /// @returns true if the statement was emitted
+    bool EmitSwitch(const ast::SwitchStatement* stmt);
+    /// Handles generating a struct declaration
+    /// @param str the struct
+    /// @returns true if the struct is emitted
+    bool EmitStructType(const ast::Struct* str);
+    /// Handles emitting an image format
+    /// @param fmt the format to generate
+    /// @returns true if the format is emitted
+    bool EmitImageFormat(const builtin::TexelFormat fmt);
+    /// Handles a unary op expression
+    /// @param expr the expression to emit
+    /// @returns true if the expression was emitted
+    bool EmitUnaryOp(const ast::UnaryOpExpression* expr);
+    /// Handles generating a variable
+    /// @param var the variable to generate
+    /// @returns true if the variable was emitted
+    bool EmitVariable(const ast::Variable* var);
+    /// Handles generating a attribute list
+    /// @param attrs the attribute list
+    /// @returns true if the attributes were emitted
+    bool EmitAttributes(utils::VectorRef<const ast::Attribute*> attrs);
+};
+
+}  // namespace tint::writer::syntax_tree
+
+#endif  // SRC_TINT_WRITER_SYNTAX_TREE_GENERATOR_IMPL_H_
diff --git a/tint_overrides_with_defaults.gni b/tint_overrides_with_defaults.gni
index 9e39248..c54915d 100644
--- a/tint_overrides_with_defaults.gni
+++ b/tint_overrides_with_defaults.gni
@@ -72,6 +72,11 @@
     tint_build_glsl_writer = true
   }
 
+  # Build the Syntax Tree writer
+  if (!defined(tint_build_syntax_tree_writer)) {
+    tint_build_syntax_tree_writer = false
+  }
+
   # Build unittests
   if (!defined(tint_build_unittests)) {
     tint_build_unittests = true