src/tint/writer/spirv/builder.h

// Copyright 2020 The Tint Authors.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

#ifndef SRC_TINT_WRITER_SPIRV_BUILDER_H_
#define SRC_TINT_WRITER_SPIRV_BUILDER_H_

#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <vector>

#include "spirv/unified1/spirv.h"
#include "src/tint/ast/assignment_statement.h"
#include "src/tint/ast/bitcast_expression.h"
#include "src/tint/ast/break_statement.h"
#include "src/tint/ast/continue_statement.h"
#include "src/tint/ast/discard_statement.h"
#include "src/tint/ast/if_statement.h"
#include "src/tint/ast/interpolate_attribute.h"
#include "src/tint/ast/loop_statement.h"
#include "src/tint/ast/return_statement.h"
#include "src/tint/ast/switch_statement.h"
#include "src/tint/ast/unary_op_expression.h"
#include "src/tint/ast/variable_decl_statement.h"
#include "src/tint/program_builder.h"
#include "src/tint/scope_stack.h"
#include "src/tint/sem/builtin.h"
#include "src/tint/sem/storage_texture.h"
#include "src/tint/writer/spirv/function.h"
#include "src/tint/writer/spirv/scalar_constant.h"

// Forward declarations
namespace tint::sem {
class Call;
class Constant;
class Reference;
class TypeInitializer;
class TypeConversion;
}  // namespace tint::sem

namespace tint::writer::spirv {

/// Builder class to create SPIR-V instructions from a module.
class Builder {
  public:
    /// Contains information for generating accessor chains
    struct AccessorInfo {
        AccessorInfo();
        ~AccessorInfo();

        /// The ID of the current chain source. The chain source may change as we
        /// evaluate the access chain. The chain source always points to the ID
        /// which we will use to evaluate the current set of accessors. This maybe
        /// the original variable, or maybe an intermediary if we had to evaulate
        /// the access chain early (in the case of a swizzle of an access chain).
        uint32_t source_id;
        /// The type of the current chain source. This type matches the deduced
        /// result_type of the current source defined above.
        const sem::Type* source_type;
        /// A list of access chain indices to emit. Note, we _only_ have access
        /// chain indices if the source is reference.
        std::vector<uint32_t> access_chain_indices;
    };

    /// Constructor
    /// @param program the program
    /// @param zero_initialize_workgroup_memory `true` to initialize all the
    /// variables in the Workgroup address space with OpConstantNull
    explicit Builder(const Program* program, bool zero_initialize_workgroup_memory = false);
    ~Builder();

    /// Generates the SPIR-V instructions for the given program
    /// @returns true if the SPIR-V was successfully built
    bool Build();

    /// @returns the error string or blank if no error was reported.
    const std::string& error() const { return error_; }
    /// @returns true if the builder encountered an error
    bool has_error() const { return !error_.empty(); }

    /// @returns the number of uint32_t's needed to make up the results
    uint32_t total_size() const;

    /// @returns the id bound for this program
    uint32_t id_bound() const { return next_id_; }

    /// @returns the next id to be used
    uint32_t next_id() {
        auto id = next_id_;
        next_id_ += 1;
        return id;
    }

    /// Iterates over all the instructions in the correct order and calls the
    /// given callback
    /// @param cb the callback to execute
    void iterate(std::function<void(const Instruction&)> cb) const;

    /// Adds an instruction to the list of capabilities, if the capability
    /// hasn't already been added.
    /// @param cap the capability to set
    void push_capability(uint32_t cap);
    /// @returns the capabilities
    const InstructionList& capabilities() const { return capabilities_; }
    /// Adds an instruction to the extensions
    /// @param extension the name of the extension
    void push_extension(const char* extension);
    /// @returns the extensions
    const InstructionList& extensions() const { return extensions_; }
    /// Adds an instruction to the ext import
    /// @param op the op to set
    /// @param operands the operands for the instruction
    void push_ext_import(spv::Op op, const OperandList& operands) {
        ext_imports_.push_back(Instruction{op, operands});
    }
    /// @returns the ext imports
    const InstructionList& ext_imports() const { return ext_imports_; }
    /// Adds an instruction to the memory model
    /// @param op the op to set
    /// @param operands the operands for the instruction
    void push_memory_model(spv::Op op, const OperandList& operands) {
        memory_model_.push_back(Instruction{op, operands});
    }
    /// @returns the memory model
    const InstructionList& memory_model() const { return memory_model_; }
    /// Adds an instruction to the entry points
    /// @param op the op to set
    /// @param operands the operands for the instruction
    void push_entry_point(spv::Op op, const OperandList& operands) {
        entry_points_.push_back(Instruction{op, operands});
    }
    /// @returns the entry points
    const InstructionList& entry_points() const { return entry_points_; }
    /// Adds an instruction to the execution modes
    /// @param op the op to set
    /// @param operands the operands for the instruction
    void push_execution_mode(spv::Op op, const OperandList& operands) {
        execution_modes_.push_back(Instruction{op, operands});
    }
    /// @returns the execution modes
    const InstructionList& execution_modes() const { return execution_modes_; }
    /// Adds an instruction to the debug
    /// @param op the op to set
    /// @param operands the operands for the instruction
    void push_debug(spv::Op op, const OperandList& operands) {
        debug_.push_back(Instruction{op, operands});
    }
    /// @returns the debug instructions
    const InstructionList& debug() const { return debug_; }
    /// Adds an instruction to the types
    /// @param op the op to set
    /// @param operands the operands for the instruction
    void push_type(spv::Op op, const OperandList& operands) {
        types_.push_back(Instruction{op, operands});
    }
    /// @returns the type instructions
    const InstructionList& types() const { return types_; }
    /// Adds an instruction to the annotations
    /// @param op the op to set
    /// @param operands the operands for the instruction
    void push_annot(spv::Op op, const OperandList& operands) {
        annotations_.push_back(Instruction{op, operands});
    }
    /// @returns the annotations
    const InstructionList& annots() const { return annotations_; }

    /// Adds a function to the builder
    /// @param func the function to add
    void push_function(const Function& func) {
        functions_.push_back(func);
        current_label_id_ = func.label_id();
    }
    /// @returns the functions
    const std::vector<Function>& functions() const { return functions_; }
    /// Pushes an instruction to the current function. If we're outside
    /// a function then issue an internal error and return false.
    /// @param op the operation
    /// @param operands the operands
    /// @returns true if we succeeded
    bool push_function_inst(spv::Op op, const OperandList& operands);
    /// Pushes a variable to the current function
    /// @param operands the variable operands
    void push_function_var(const OperandList& operands) {
        if (functions_.empty()) {
            TINT_ICE(Writer, builder_.Diagnostics())
                << "push_function_var() called without a function";
        }
        functions_.back().push_var(operands);
    }

    /// @returns true if the current instruction insertion point is
    /// inside a basic block.
    bool InsideBasicBlock() const;

    /// Converts a address space to a SPIR-V address space.
    /// @param klass the address space to convert
    /// @returns the SPIR-V address space or SpvStorageClassMax on error.
    SpvStorageClass ConvertAddressSpace(ast::AddressSpace klass) const;
    /// Converts a builtin to a SPIR-V builtin and pushes a capability if needed.
    /// @param builtin the builtin to convert
    /// @param storage the address space that this builtin is being used with
    /// @returns the SPIR-V builtin or SpvBuiltInMax on error.
    SpvBuiltIn ConvertBuiltin(ast::BuiltinValue builtin, ast::AddressSpace storage);

    /// Converts an interpolate attribute to SPIR-V decorations and pushes a
    /// capability if needed.
    /// @param id the id to decorate
    /// @param type the interpolation type
    /// @param sampling the interpolation sampling
    void AddInterpolationDecorations(uint32_t id,
                                     ast::InterpolationType type,
                                     ast::InterpolationSampling sampling);

    /// Generates the enabling of an extension. Emits an error and returns false if the extension is
    /// not supported.
    /// @param ext the extension to generate
    /// @returns true on success.
    bool GenerateExtension(ast::Extension ext);
    /// Generates a label for the given id. Emits an error and returns false if
    /// we're currently outside a function.
    /// @param id the id to use for the label
    /// @returns true on success.
    bool GenerateLabel(uint32_t id);
    /// Generates an assignment statement
    /// @param assign the statement to generate
    /// @returns true if the statement was successfully generated
    bool GenerateAssignStatement(const ast::AssignmentStatement* assign);
    /// Generates a block statement, wrapped in a push/pop scope
    /// @param stmt the statement to generate
    /// @returns true if the statement was successfully generated
    bool GenerateBlockStatement(const ast::BlockStatement* stmt);
    /// Generates a block statement
    /// @param stmt the statement to generate
    /// @returns true if the statement was successfully generated
    bool GenerateBlockStatementWithoutScoping(const ast::BlockStatement* stmt);
    /// Generates a break statement
    /// @param stmt the statement to generate
    /// @returns true if the statement was successfully generated
    bool GenerateBreakStatement(const ast::BreakStatement* stmt);
    /// Generates a break-if statement
    /// @param stmt the statement to generate
    /// @returns true if the statement was successfully generated
    bool GenerateBreakIfStatement(const ast::BreakIfStatement* stmt);
    /// Generates a continue statement
    /// @param stmt the statement to generate
    /// @returns true if the statement was successfully generated
    bool GenerateContinueStatement(const ast::ContinueStatement* stmt);
    /// Generates a discard statement
    /// @param stmt the statement to generate
    /// @returns true if the statement was successfully generated
    bool GenerateDiscardStatement(const ast::DiscardStatement* stmt);
    /// Generates an entry point instruction
    /// @param func the function
    /// @param id the id of the function
    /// @returns true if the instruction was generated, false otherwise
    bool GenerateEntryPoint(const ast::Function* func, uint32_t id);
    /// Generates execution modes for an entry point
    /// @param func the function
    /// @param id the id of the function
    /// @returns false on failure
    bool GenerateExecutionModes(const ast::Function* func, uint32_t id);
    /// Generates an expression
    /// @param expr the expression to generate
    /// @returns the resulting ID of the expression or 0 on error
    uint32_t GenerateExpression(const ast::Expression* expr);
    /// Generates the instructions for a function
    /// @param func the function to generate
    /// @returns true if the instructions were generated
    bool GenerateFunction(const ast::Function* func);
    /// Generates a function type if not already created
    /// @param func the function to generate for
    /// @returns the ID to use for the function type. Returns 0 on failure.
    uint32_t GenerateFunctionTypeIfNeeded(const sem::Function* func);
    /// Generates access control annotations if needed
    /// @param type the type to generate for
    /// @param struct_id the struct id
    /// @param member_idx the member index
    void GenerateMemberAccessIfNeeded(const sem::Type* type,
                                      uint32_t struct_id,
                                      uint32_t member_idx);
    /// Generates a function variable
    /// @param var the variable
    /// @returns true if the variable was generated
    bool GenerateFunctionVariable(const ast::Variable* var);
    /// Generates a global variable
    /// @param var the variable to generate
    /// @returns true if the variable is emited.
    bool GenerateGlobalVariable(const ast::Variable* var);
    /// Generates an index accessor expression.
    ///
    /// For more information on accessors see the "Pointer evaluation" section of
    /// the WGSL specification.
    ///
    /// @param expr the expresssion to generate
    /// @returns the id of the expression or 0 on failure
    uint32_t GenerateAccessorExpression(const ast::Expression* expr);
    /// Generates an index accessor
    /// @param expr the accessor to generate
    /// @param info the current accessor information
    /// @returns true if the accessor was generated successfully
    bool GenerateIndexAccessor(const ast::IndexAccessorExpression* expr, AccessorInfo* info);
    /// Generates a member accessor
    /// @param expr the accessor to generate
    /// @param info the current accessor information
    /// @returns true if the accessor was generated successfully
    bool GenerateMemberAccessor(const ast::MemberAccessorExpression* expr, AccessorInfo* info);
    /// Generates an identifier expression
    /// @param expr the expresssion to generate
    /// @returns the id of the expression or 0 on failure
    uint32_t GenerateIdentifierExpression(const ast::IdentifierExpression* expr);
    /// Generates a unary op expression
    /// @param expr the expression to generate
    /// @returns the id of the expression or 0 on failure
    uint32_t GenerateUnaryOpExpression(const ast::UnaryOpExpression* expr);
    /// Generates an if statement
    /// @param stmt the statement to generate
    /// @returns true on success
    bool GenerateIfStatement(const ast::IfStatement* stmt);
    /// Generates an import instruction for the "GLSL.std.450" extended
    /// instruction set, if one doesn't exist yet, and returns the import ID.
    /// @returns the import ID, or 0 on error.
    uint32_t GetGLSLstd450Import();
    /// Generates a initializer expression
    /// @param var the variable generated for, nullptr if no variable associated.
    /// @param expr the expression to generate
    /// @returns the ID of the expression or 0 on failure.
    uint32_t GenerateInitializerExpression(const ast::Variable* var, const ast::Expression* expr);
    /// Generates a literal constant if needed
    /// @param lit the literal to generate
    /// @returns the ID on success or 0 on failure
    uint32_t GenerateLiteralIfNeeded(const ast::LiteralExpression* lit);
    /// Generates a binary expression
    /// @param expr the expression to generate
    /// @returns the expression ID on success or 0 otherwise
    uint32_t GenerateBinaryExpression(const ast::BinaryExpression* expr);
    /// Generates a bitcast expression
    /// @param expr the expression to generate
    /// @returns the expression ID on success or 0 otherwise
    uint32_t GenerateBitcastExpression(const ast::BitcastExpression* expr);
    /// Generates a short circuting binary expression
    /// @param expr the expression to generate
    /// @returns teh expression ID on success or 0 otherwise
    uint32_t GenerateShortCircuitBinaryExpression(const ast::BinaryExpression* expr);
    /// Generates a call expression
    /// @param expr the expression to generate
    /// @returns the expression ID on success or 0 otherwise
    uint32_t GenerateCallExpression(const ast::CallExpression* expr);
    /// Handles generating a function call expression
    /// @param call the call expression
    /// @param function the function being called
    /// @returns the expression ID on success or 0 otherwise
    uint32_t GenerateFunctionCall(const sem::Call* call, const sem::Function* function);
    /// Handles generating a builtin call expression
    /// @param call the call expression
    /// @param builtin the builtin being called
    /// @returns the expression ID on success or 0 otherwise
    uint32_t GenerateBuiltinCall(const sem::Call* call, const sem::Builtin* builtin);
    /// Handles generating a type initializer or type conversion expression
    /// @param call the call expression
    /// @param var the variable that is being initialized. May be null.
    /// @returns the expression ID on success or 0 otherwise
    uint32_t GenerateTypeInitializerOrConversion(const sem::Call* call, const ast::Variable* var);
    /// Generates a texture builtin call. Emits an error and returns false if
    /// we're currently outside a function.
    /// @param call the call expression
    /// @param builtin the semantic information for the texture builtin
    /// @param result_type result type operand of the texture instruction
    /// @param result_id result identifier operand of the texture instruction
    /// parameters
    /// @returns true on success
    bool GenerateTextureBuiltin(const sem::Call* call,
                                const sem::Builtin* builtin,
                                spirv::Operand result_type,
                                spirv::Operand result_id);
    /// Generates a control barrier statement.
    /// @param builtin the semantic information for the barrier builtin call
    /// @returns true on success
    bool GenerateControlBarrierBuiltin(const sem::Builtin* builtin);
    /// Generates an atomic builtin call.
    /// @param call the call expression
    /// @param builtin the semantic information for the atomic builtin call
    /// @param result_type result type operand of the texture instruction
    /// @param result_id result identifier operand of the texture instruction
    /// @returns true on success
    bool GenerateAtomicBuiltin(const sem::Call* call,
                               const sem::Builtin* builtin,
                               Operand result_type,
                               Operand result_id);
    /// Generates a sampled image
    /// @param texture_type the texture type
    /// @param texture_operand the texture operand
    /// @param sampler_operand the sampler operand
    /// @returns the expression ID
    uint32_t GenerateSampledImage(const sem::Type* texture_type,
                                  Operand texture_operand,
                                  Operand sampler_operand);
    /// Generates a cast or object copy for the expression result,
    /// or return the ID generated the expression if it is already
    /// of the right type.
    /// @param to_type the type we're casting too
    /// @param from_expr the expression to cast
    /// @param is_global_init if this is a global initializer
    /// @returns the expression ID on success or 0 otherwise
    uint32_t GenerateCastOrCopyOrPassthrough(const sem::Type* to_type,
                                             const ast::Expression* from_expr,
                                             bool is_global_init);
    /// Generates a loop statement
    /// @param stmt the statement to generate
    /// @returns true on successful generation
    bool GenerateLoopStatement(const ast::LoopStatement* stmt);
    /// Generates a return statement
    /// @param stmt the statement to generate
    /// @returns true on success, false otherwise
    bool GenerateReturnStatement(const ast::ReturnStatement* stmt);
    /// Generates a switch statement
    /// @param stmt the statement to generate
    /// @returns ture on success, false otherwise
    bool GenerateSwitchStatement(const ast::SwitchStatement* stmt);
    /// Generates a conditional section merge block
    /// @param cond the condition
    /// @param true_body the statements making up the true block
    /// @param else_stmt the statement for the else block
    /// @returns true on success, false on failure
    bool GenerateConditionalBlock(const ast::Expression* cond,
                                  const ast::BlockStatement* true_body,
                                  const ast::Statement* else_stmt);
    /// Generates a statement
    /// @param stmt the statement to generate
    /// @returns true if the statement was generated
    bool GenerateStatement(const ast::Statement* stmt);
    /// Generates an expression. If the WGSL expression does not have reference
    /// type, then return the SPIR-V ID for the expression. Otherwise implement
    /// the WGSL Load Rule: generate an OpLoad and return the ID of the result.
    /// Returns 0 if the expression could not be generated.
    /// @param expr the semantic expression node to be generated
    /// @returns the the ID of the expression, or loaded expression
    uint32_t GenerateExpressionWithLoadIfNeeded(const sem::Expression* expr);
    /// Generates an expression. If the WGSL expression does not have reference
    /// type, then return the SPIR-V ID for the expression. Otherwise implement
    /// the WGSL Load Rule: generate an OpLoad and return the ID of the result.
    /// Returns 0 if the expression could not be generated.
    /// @param expr the AST expression to be generated
    /// @returns the the ID of the expression, or loaded expression
    uint32_t GenerateExpressionWithLoadIfNeeded(const ast::Expression* expr);
    /// Generates an OpLoad on the given ID if it has reference type in WGSL,
    /// othewrise return the ID itself.
    /// @param type the type of the expression
    /// @param id the SPIR-V id of the experssion
    /// @returns the ID of the loaded value or `id` if type is not a reference
    uint32_t GenerateLoadIfNeeded(const sem::Type* type, uint32_t id);
    /// Generates an OpStore. Emits an error and returns false if we're
    /// currently outside a function.
    /// @param to the ID to store too
    /// @param from the ID to store from
    /// @returns true on success
    bool GenerateStore(uint32_t to, uint32_t from);
    /// Generates a type if not already created
    /// @param type the type to create
    /// @returns the ID to use for the given type. Returns 0 on unknown type.
    uint32_t GenerateTypeIfNeeded(const sem::Type* type);
    /// Generates a texture type declaration
    /// @param texture the texture to generate
    /// @param result the result operand
    /// @returns true if the texture was successfully generated
    bool GenerateTextureType(const sem::Texture* texture, const Operand& result);
    /// Generates an array type declaration
    /// @param ary the array to generate
    /// @param result the result operand
    /// @returns true if the array was successfully generated
    bool GenerateArrayType(const sem::Array* ary, const Operand& result);
    /// Generates a matrix type declaration
    /// @param mat the matrix to generate
    /// @param result the result operand
    /// @returns true if the matrix was successfully generated
    bool GenerateMatrixType(const sem::Matrix* mat, const Operand& result);
    /// Generates a pointer type declaration
    /// @param ptr the pointer type to generate
    /// @param result the result operand
    /// @returns true if the pointer was successfully generated
    bool GeneratePointerType(const sem::Pointer* ptr, const Operand& result);
    /// Generates a reference type declaration
    /// @param ref the reference type to generate
    /// @param result the result operand
    /// @returns true if the reference was successfully generated
    bool GenerateReferenceType(const sem::Reference* ref, const Operand& result);
    /// Generates a vector type declaration
    /// @param struct_type the vector to generate
    /// @param result the result operand
    /// @returns true if the vector was successfully generated
    bool GenerateStructType(const sem::Struct* struct_type, const Operand& result);
    /// Generates a struct member
    /// @param struct_id the id of the parent structure
    /// @param idx the index of the member
    /// @param member the member to generate
    /// @returns the id of the struct member or 0 on error.
    uint32_t GenerateStructMember(uint32_t struct_id,
                                  uint32_t idx,
                                  const sem::StructMember* member);
    /// Generates a variable declaration statement
    /// @param stmt the statement to generate
    /// @returns true on successfull generation
    bool GenerateVariableDeclStatement(const ast::VariableDeclStatement* stmt);
    /// Generates a vector type declaration
    /// @param vec the vector to generate
    /// @param result the result operand
    /// @returns true if the vector was successfully generated
    bool GenerateVectorType(const sem::Vector* vec, const Operand& result);

    /// Generates instructions to splat `scalar_id` into a vector of type
    /// `vec_type`
    /// @param scalar_id scalar to splat
    /// @param vec_type type of vector
    /// @returns id of the new vector
    uint32_t GenerateSplat(uint32_t scalar_id, const sem::Type* vec_type);

    /// Generates instructions to add or subtract two matrices
    /// @param lhs_id id of multiplicand
    /// @param rhs_id id of multiplier
    /// @param type type of both matrices and of result
    /// @param op one of `spv::Op::OpFAdd` or `spv::Op::OpFSub`
    /// @returns id of the result matrix
    uint32_t GenerateMatrixAddOrSub(uint32_t lhs_id,
                                    uint32_t rhs_id,
                                    const sem::Matrix* type,
                                    spv::Op op);

    /// Converts TexelFormat to SPIR-V and pushes an appropriate capability.
    /// @param format AST image format type
    /// @returns SPIR-V image format type
    SpvImageFormat convert_texel_format_to_spv(const ast::TexelFormat format);

    /// Determines if the given type initializer is created from constant values
    /// @param expr the expression to check
    /// @returns true if the initializer is constant
    bool IsInitializerConst(const ast::Expression* expr);

  private:
    /// @returns an Operand with a new result ID in it. Increments the next_id_
    /// automatically.
    Operand result_op();

    /// @returns the resolved type of the ast::Expression `expr`
    /// @param expr the expression
    const sem::Type* TypeOf(const ast::Expression* expr) const { return builder_.TypeOf(expr); }

    /// Generates a constant value if needed
    /// @param constant the constant to generate.
    /// @returns the ID on success or 0 on failure
    uint32_t GenerateConstantIfNeeded(const sem::Constant* constant);

    /// Generates a scalar constant if needed
    /// @param constant the constant to generate.
    /// @returns the ID on success or 0 on failure
    uint32_t GenerateConstantIfNeeded(const ScalarConstant& constant);

    /// Generates a constant-null of the given type, if needed
    /// @param type the type of the constant null to generate.
    /// @returns the ID on success or 0 on failure
    uint32_t GenerateConstantNullIfNeeded(const sem::Type* type);

    /// Generates a vector constant splat if needed
    /// @param type the type of the vector to generate
    /// @param value_id the ID of the scalar value to splat
    /// @returns the ID on success or 0 on failure
    uint32_t GenerateConstantVectorSplatIfNeeded(const sem::Vector* type, uint32_t value_id);

    /// Registers the semantic variable to the given SPIR-V ID
    /// @param var the semantic variable
    /// @param id the generated SPIR-V identifier for the variable
    void RegisterVariable(const sem::Variable* var, uint32_t id);

    /// Looks up the SPIR-V ID for the variable, which must have been registered
    /// with a call to RegisterVariable()
    /// @returns the SPIR-V ID, or 0 if the variable was not found
    uint32_t LookupVariableID(const sem::Variable* var);

    /// Pushes a new scope
    void PushScope();

    /// Pops the top-most scope
    void PopScope();

    ProgramBuilder builder_;
    std::string error_;
    uint32_t next_id_ = 1;
    uint32_t current_label_id_ = 0;
    InstructionList capabilities_;
    InstructionList extensions_;
    InstructionList ext_imports_;
    InstructionList memory_model_;
    InstructionList entry_points_;
    InstructionList execution_modes_;
    InstructionList debug_;
    InstructionList types_;
    InstructionList annotations_;
    std::vector<Function> functions_;

    // Scope holds per-block information
    struct Scope {
        Scope();
        Scope(const Scope&);
        ~Scope();
        std::unordered_map<OperandListKey, uint32_t> type_init_to_id_;
    };

    std::unordered_map<const sem::Variable*, uint32_t> var_to_id_;
    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, const sem::Variable*> id_to_var_;
    std::unordered_map<std::string, uint32_t> import_name_to_id_;
    std::unordered_map<Symbol, uint32_t> func_symbol_to_id_;
    std::unordered_map<sem::CallTargetSignature, uint32_t> func_sig_to_id_;
    std::unordered_map<const sem::Type*, uint32_t> type_to_id_;
    std::unordered_map<ScalarConstant, uint32_t> const_to_id_;
    std::unordered_map<const sem::Type*, uint32_t> const_null_to_id_;
    std::unordered_map<uint64_t, uint32_t> const_splat_to_id_;
    std::unordered_map<const sem::Type*, uint32_t> texture_type_to_sampled_image_type_id_;
    std::vector<Scope> scope_stack_;
    std::vector<uint32_t> merge_stack_;
    std::vector<uint32_t> continue_stack_;
    std::unordered_set<uint32_t> capability_set_;
    bool zero_initialize_workgroup_memory_ = false;

    struct ContinuingInfo {
        ContinuingInfo(const ast::Statement* last_statement,
                       uint32_t loop_header_id,
                       uint32_t break_target_id);
        // The last statement in the continiung block.
        const ast::Statement* const last_statement = nullptr;
        // The ID of the loop header
        const uint32_t loop_header_id = 0u;
        // The ID of the merge block for the loop.
        const uint32_t break_target_id = 0u;
    };
    // Stack of nodes, where each is the last statement in a surrounding
    // continuing block.
    std::vector<ContinuingInfo> continuing_stack_;

    // The instruction to emit as the backedge of a loop.
    struct Backedge {
        Backedge(spv::Op, OperandList);
        Backedge(const Backedge&);
        Backedge& operator=(const Backedge&);
        ~Backedge();

        spv::Op opcode;
        OperandList operands;
    };
    std::vector<Backedge> backedge_stack_;
};

}  // namespace tint::writer::spirv

#endif  // SRC_TINT_WRITER_SPIRV_BUILDER_H_