tint: Add sem::Type::ConversionRank()

Returns the implicit conversion rank as defined by:
https://www.w3.org/TR/WGSL/#conversion-rank

Bug: tint:1504
Change-Id: I17b17a1d3b4f0e5816a92ec0b86d364c288b59d8
Reviewed-on: https://dawn-review.googlesource.com/c/dawn/+/90663
Reviewed-by: David Neto <dneto@google.com>
Kokoro: Kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
Commit-Queue: Ben Clayton <bclayton@chromium.org>
diff --git a/src/tint/CMakeLists.txt b/src/tint/CMakeLists.txt
index 6691c86..f4c3884 100644
--- a/src/tint/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/tint/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -810,6 +810,7 @@
     sem/sem_struct_test.cc
     sem/storage_texture_test.cc
     sem/texture_test.cc
+    sem/type_test.cc
     sem/type_manager_test.cc
     sem/u32_test.cc
     sem/vector_test.cc
diff --git a/src/tint/sem/type.cc b/src/tint/sem/type.cc
index 0ee138d..06f2a8d 100644
--- a/src/tint/sem/type.cc
+++ b/src/tint/sem/type.cc
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 #include "src/tint/sem/type.h"
 
+#include "src/tint/sem/abstract_float.h"
+#include "src/tint/sem/abstract_int.h"
 #include "src/tint/sem/bool.h"
 #include "src/tint/sem/f16.h"
 #include "src/tint/sem/f32.h"
@@ -153,4 +155,47 @@
     return IsAnyOf<Sampler, Texture>();
 }
 
+uint32_t Type::ConversionRank(const Type* from, const Type* to) {
+    if (from->UnwrapRef() == to) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return Switch(
+        from,
+        [&](const AbstractFloat*) {
+            return Switch(
+                to,                             //
+                [&](const F32*) { return 1; },  //
+                [&](const F16*) { return 2; },  //
+                [&](Default) { return kNoConversion; });
+        },
+        [&](const AbstractInt*) {
+            return Switch(
+                to,                                       //
+                [&](const I32*) { return 3; },            //
+                [&](const U32*) { return 4; },            //
+                [&](const AbstractFloat*) { return 5; },  //
+                [&](const F32*) { return 6; },            //
+                [&](const F16*) { return 7; },            //
+                [&](Default) { return kNoConversion; });
+        },
+        [&](const Vector* from_vec) {
+            if (auto* to_vec = to->As<Vector>()) {
+                if (from_vec->Width() == to_vec->Width()) {
+                    return ConversionRank(from_vec->type(), to_vec->type());
+                }
+            }
+            return kNoConversion;
+        },
+        [&](const Matrix* from_mat) {
+            if (auto* to_mat = to->As<Matrix>()) {
+                if (from_mat->columns() == to_mat->columns() &&
+                    from_mat->rows() == to_mat->rows()) {
+                    return ConversionRank(from_mat->type(), to_mat->type());
+                }
+            }
+            return kNoConversion;
+        },
+        [&](Default) { return kNoConversion; });
+}
+
 }  // namespace tint::sem
diff --git a/src/tint/sem/type.h b/src/tint/sem/type.h
index 271e1d7..56ec64b 100644
--- a/src/tint/sem/type.h
+++ b/src/tint/sem/type.h
@@ -114,6 +114,19 @@
     /// @returns true if this type is a handle type
     bool is_handle() const;
 
+    /// kNoConversion is returned from ConversionRank() when the implicit conversion is not
+    /// permitted.
+    static constexpr uint32_t kNoConversion = 0xffffffffu;
+
+    /// ConversionRank returns the implicit conversion rank when attempting to convert `from` to
+    /// `to`. Lower ranks are preferred over higher ranks.
+    /// @param from the source type
+    /// @param to the destination type
+    /// @returns the rank value for converting from type `from` to type `to`, or #kNoConversion if
+    /// the implicit conversion is not allowed.
+    /// @see https://www.w3.org/TR/WGSL/#conversion-rank
+    static uint32_t ConversionRank(const Type* from, const Type* to);
+
   protected:
     Type();
 };
diff --git a/src/tint/sem/type_test.cc b/src/tint/sem/type_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..149ecc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tint/sem/type_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Tint Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "src/tint/sem/abstract_float.h"
+#include "src/tint/sem/abstract_int.h"
+#include "src/tint/sem/reference.h"
+#include "src/tint/sem/test_helper.h"
+
+namespace tint::sem {
+namespace {
+
+using TypeTest = TestHelper;
+
+TEST_F(TypeTest, ConversionRank) {
+    auto* af = create<AbstractFloat>();
+    auto* ai = create<AbstractInt>();
+    auto* f32 = create<F32>();
+    auto* f16 = create<F16>();
+    auto* i32 = create<I32>();
+    auto* u32 = create<U32>();
+    auto* vec3_f32 = create<Vector>(f32, 3u);
+    auto* vec3_f16 = create<Vector>(f16, 3u);
+    auto* vec4_f32 = create<Vector>(f32, 4u);
+    auto* vec3_u32 = create<Vector>(u32, 3u);
+    auto* vec3_i32 = create<Vector>(i32, 3u);
+    auto* vec3_af = create<Vector>(af, 3u);
+    auto* vec3_ai = create<Vector>(ai, 3u);
+    auto* mat3x4_f32 = create<Matrix>(vec4_f32, 3u);
+    auto* mat4x3_f32 = create<Matrix>(vec3_f32, 4u);
+    auto* mat4x3_f16 = create<Matrix>(vec3_f16, 4u);
+    auto* mat4x3_af = create<Matrix>(vec3_af, 4u);
+    auto* ref_u32 = create<Reference>(u32, ast::StorageClass::kPrivate, ast::Access::kReadWrite);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(i32, i32), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(f32, f32), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(u32, u32), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(vec3_f32, vec3_f32), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(vec3_f16, vec3_f16), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(vec4_f32, vec4_f32), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(vec3_u32, vec3_u32), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(vec3_i32, vec3_i32), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(vec3_af, vec3_af), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(vec3_ai, vec3_ai), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(mat3x4_f32, mat3x4_f32), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(mat4x3_f32, mat4x3_f32), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(mat4x3_f16, mat4x3_f16), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(mat4x3_af, mat4x3_af), 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(ref_u32, u32), 0u);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(af, f32), 1u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(vec3_af, vec3_f32), 1u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(mat4x3_af, mat4x3_f32), 1u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(af, f16), 2u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(vec3_af, vec3_f16), 2u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(mat4x3_af, mat4x3_f16), 2u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(ai, i32), 3u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(vec3_ai, vec3_i32), 3u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(ai, u32), 4u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(vec3_ai, vec3_u32), 4u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(ai, af), 5u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(ai, f32), 6u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(ai, f16), 7u);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(i32, f32), Type::kNoConversion);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(f32, u32), Type::kNoConversion);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(u32, i32), Type::kNoConversion);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(vec3_u32, vec3_f32), Type::kNoConversion);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(vec3_f32, vec4_f32), Type::kNoConversion);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(mat3x4_f32, mat4x3_f32), Type::kNoConversion);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(mat4x3_f32, mat3x4_f32), Type::kNoConversion);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(mat4x3_f32, mat4x3_af), Type::kNoConversion);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(f32, af), Type::kNoConversion);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(f16, af), Type::kNoConversion);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(vec3_f16, vec3_af), Type::kNoConversion);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(mat4x3_f16, mat4x3_af), Type::kNoConversion);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(i32, af), Type::kNoConversion);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(u32, af), Type::kNoConversion);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(af, ai), Type::kNoConversion);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(f32, ai), Type::kNoConversion);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Type::ConversionRank(f16, ai), Type::kNoConversion);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace tint::sem
diff --git a/test/tint/BUILD.gn b/test/tint/BUILD.gn
index 87e26f2..a66428b 100644
--- a/test/tint/BUILD.gn
+++ b/test/tint/BUILD.gn
@@ -303,6 +303,7 @@
     "../../src/tint/sem/sem_struct_test.cc",
     "../../src/tint/sem/storage_texture_test.cc",
     "../../src/tint/sem/texture_test.cc",
+    "../../src/tint/sem/type_test.cc",
     "../../src/tint/sem/type_manager_test.cc",
     "../../src/tint/sem/u32_test.cc",
     "../../src/tint/sem/vector_test.cc",