third_party/emdawnwebgpu/library_webgpu.js - dawn - Git at Google

 /**
  * @license
  * Copyright 2019 The Emscripten Authors
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */

 /*
  * Dawn's fork of Emscripten's WebGPU bindings. This will be contributed back to
  * Emscripten after reaching approximately webgpu.h "1.0".
  *
  * IMPORTANT: See //src/emdawnwebgpu/README.md for info on how to use this.
  */

 {{{
   if (USE_WEBGPU || !__HAVE_EMDAWNWEBGPU_STRUCT_INFO || !__HAVE_EMDAWNWEBGPU_ENUM_TABLES || !__HAVE_EMDAWNWEBGPU_SIG_INFO) {
     throw new Error("To use Dawn's library_webgpu.js, disable -sUSE_WEBGPU and first include Dawn's library_webgpu_struct_info.js and library_webgpu_enum_tables.js (before library_webgpu.js)");
   }

   // Helper functions for code generation
   globalThis.gpu = {
     convertSentinelToUndefined: function(name) {
       return `if (${name} == -1) ${name} = undefined;`;
     },

     makeGetBool: function(struct, offset) {
       return `!!(${makeGetValue(struct, offset, 'u32')})`;
     },
     makeGetU32: function(struct, offset) {
       return makeGetValue(struct, offset, 'u32');
     },
     makeGetU64: function(struct, offset) {
       var l = makeGetValue(struct, offset, 'u32');
       var h = makeGetValue(`(${struct} + 4)`, offset, 'u32')
       return `${h} * 0x100000000 + ${l}`
     },
     makeCheck: function(str) {
       if (!ASSERTIONS) return '';
       return `assert(${str});`;
     },
     makeCheckDefined: function(name) {
       return this.makeCheck(`typeof ${name} != "undefined"`);
     },
     makeCheckDescriptor: function(descriptor) {
       // Assert descriptor is non-null, then that its nextInChain is null.
       // For descriptors that aren't the first in the chain (e.g
       // ShaderModuleSPIRVDescriptor), there is no .nextInChain pointer, but
       // instead a ChainedStruct object: .chain. So we need to check if
       // .chain.nextInChain is null. As long as nextInChain and chain are always
       // the first member in the struct, descriptor.nextInChain and
       // descriptor.chain.nextInChain should have the same offset (0) to the
       // descriptor pointer and we can check it to be null.
       var OffsetOfNextInChainMember = 0;
       return this.makeCheck(descriptor) + this.makeCheck(makeGetValue(descriptor, OffsetOfNextInChainMember, '*') + ' === 0');
     },

     // Compile-time table for enum integer values used with templating.
     // Must be in sync with webgpu.h.
     // TODO: Generate this to keep it in sync with webgpu.h
     COPY_STRIDE_UNDEFINED: 0xFFFFFFFF,
     LIMIT_U32_UNDEFINED: 0xFFFFFFFF,
     MIP_LEVEL_COUNT_UNDEFINED: 0xFFFFFFFF,
     ARRAY_LAYER_COUNT_UNDEFINED: 0xFFFFFFFF,
     ...WEBGPU_ENUM_CONSTANT_TABLES,
   };
   null;
 }}}

 var LibraryWebGPU = {
   $WebGPU__deps: ['$stackSave', '$stackRestore', '$stringToUTF8OnStack'],
   $WebGPU: {

     // Object management is consolidated into a single table that doesn't care
     // about object type, and is keyed on the pointer address to a refcount.
     // Note that most objects are directly stored in the table with the
     // exception of Buffers which are stored within a wrapper. The wrapper is
     // currently necessary to handle mapping and unmapping of the Buffer.
     _table: [],
     _tableGet: (ptr) => {
       if (!ptr) return undefined;
       return WebGPU._table[ptr];
     },
     _tableInsert: (ptr, value) => {
       WebGPU._table[ptr] = value;
     },

     // Future to promise management, and temporary list allocated up-front for
     // WaitAny implementation on the promises. Note that all FutureIDs
     // (uint64_t) are passed either as a low and high value or by pointer
     // because they need to be passed back and forth between JS and C++, and JS
     // is currently unable to pass a value to a C++ function as a uint64_t.
     // This might be possible with -sWASM_BIGINT, but I was unable to get that
     // to work properly at the time of writing.
     _futures: [],
     _futureInsert: (futureIdL, futureIdH, promise) => {
 #if ASYNCIFY
       var futureId = futureIdH * 0x100000000 + futureIdL;
       WebGPU._futures[futureId] =
         new Promise((resolve) => promise.finally(() => resolve(futureId)));
 #endif
     },
     _waitAnyPromisesList: [],

     errorCallback: (callback, type, message, userdata) => {
       var sp = stackSave();
       var messagePtr = stringToUTF8OnStack(message);
       {{{ makeDynCall('vipp', 'callback') }}}(type, messagePtr, userdata);
       stackRestore(sp);
     },

     makeColor: (ptr) => {
       return {
         "r": {{{ makeGetValue('ptr', 0, 'double') }}},
         "g": {{{ makeGetValue('ptr', 8, 'double') }}},
         "b": {{{ makeGetValue('ptr', 16, 'double') }}},
         "a": {{{ makeGetValue('ptr', 24, 'double') }}},
       };
     },

     makeExtent3D: (ptr) => {
       return {
         "width": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUExtent3D.width) }}},
         "height": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUExtent3D.height) }}},
         "depthOrArrayLayers": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUExtent3D.depthOrArrayLayers) }}},
       };
     },

     makeOrigin3D: (ptr) => {
       return {
         "x": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUOrigin3D.x) }}},
         "y": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUOrigin3D.y) }}},
         "z": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUOrigin3D.z) }}},
       };
     },

     makeImageCopyTexture: (ptr) => {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheck('ptr') }}}
       return {
         "texture": WebGPU._tableGet(
           {{{ makeGetValue('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUImageCopyTexture.texture, '*') }}}),
         "mipLevel": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUImageCopyTexture.mipLevel) }}},
         "origin": WebGPU.makeOrigin3D(ptr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUImageCopyTexture.origin }}}),
         "aspect": WebGPU.TextureAspect[{{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUImageCopyTexture.aspect) }}}],
       };
     },

     makeTextureDataLayout: (ptr) => {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('ptr') }}}
       var bytesPerRow = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureDataLayout.bytesPerRow) }}};
       var rowsPerImage = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureDataLayout.rowsPerImage) }}};
       return {
         "offset": {{{ gpu.makeGetU64('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureDataLayout.offset) }}},
         "bytesPerRow": bytesPerRow === {{{ gpu.COPY_STRIDE_UNDEFINED }}} ? undefined : bytesPerRow,
         "rowsPerImage": rowsPerImage === {{{ gpu.COPY_STRIDE_UNDEFINED }}} ? undefined : rowsPerImage,
       };
     },

     makeImageCopyBuffer: (ptr) => {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheck('ptr') }}}
       var layoutPtr = ptr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUImageCopyBuffer.layout }}};
       var bufferCopyView = WebGPU.makeTextureDataLayout(layoutPtr);
       bufferCopyView["buffer"] = WebGPU._tableGet(
         {{{ makeGetValue('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUImageCopyBuffer.buffer, '*') }}});
       return bufferCopyView;
     },

     makePipelineConstants: (constantCount, constantsPtr) => {
       if (!constantCount) return;
       var constants = {};
       for (var i = 0; i < constantCount; ++i) {
         var entryPtr = constantsPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUConstantEntry.__size__ }}} * i;
         var key = UTF8ToString({{{ makeGetValue('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUConstantEntry.key, '*') }}});
         constants[key] = {{{ makeGetValue('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUConstantEntry.value, 'double') }}};
       }
       return constants;
     },

     makePipelineLayout: (layoutPtr) => {
       if (!layoutPtr) return 'auto';
       return WebGPU._tableGet(layoutPtr);
     },

     makeProgrammableStageDescriptor: (ptr) => {
       if (!ptr) return undefined;
       {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('ptr') }}}
       var desc = {
         "module": WebGPU._tableGet(
           {{{ makeGetValue('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUProgrammableStageDescriptor.module, '*') }}}),
         "constants": WebGPU.makePipelineConstants(
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUProgrammableStageDescriptor.constantCount) }}},
           {{{ makeGetValue('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUProgrammableStageDescriptor.constants, '*') }}}),
       };
       var entryPointPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('ptr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUProgrammableStageDescriptor.entryPoint, '*') }}};
       if (entryPointPtr) desc["entryPoint"] = UTF8ToString(entryPointPtr);
       return desc;
     },

     makeComputePipelineDesc: (descriptor) => {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}

       var desc = {
         "label": undefined,
         "layout": WebGPU.makePipelineLayout(
           {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUComputePipelineDescriptor.layout, '*') }}}),
         "compute": WebGPU.makeProgrammableStageDescriptor(
           descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUComputePipelineDescriptor.compute }}}),
       };
       var labelPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUComputePipelineDescriptor.label, '*') }}};
       if (labelPtr) desc["label"] = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
       return desc;
     },

     makeRenderPipelineDesc: (descriptor) => {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}
       function makePrimitiveState(rsPtr) {
         if (!rsPtr) return undefined;
         {{{ gpu.makeCheck('rsPtr') }}}

         // TODO: This small hack assumes that there's only one type that can be in the chain of
         // WGPUPrimitiveState. The correct thing would be to traverse the chain, but unclippedDepth
         // is going to move into the core object soon, so we'll just do this for now. See:
         // https://github.com/webgpu-native/webgpu-headers/issues/212#issuecomment-1682801259
         var nextInChainPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('rsPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUPrimitiveState.nextInChain, '*') }}};
         var sType = nextInChainPtr ? {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('nextInChainPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUChainedStruct.sType) }}} : 0;

         return {
           "topology": WebGPU.PrimitiveTopology[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('rsPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUPrimitiveState.topology) }}}],
           "stripIndexFormat": WebGPU.IndexFormat[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('rsPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUPrimitiveState.stripIndexFormat) }}}],
           "frontFace": WebGPU.FrontFace[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('rsPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUPrimitiveState.frontFace) }}}],
           "cullMode": WebGPU.CullMode[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('rsPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUPrimitiveState.cullMode) }}}],
           "unclippedDepth": sType === {{{ gpu.SType.PrimitiveDepthClipControl }}} && {{{ gpu.makeGetBool('nextInChainPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUPrimitiveDepthClipControl.unclippedDepth) }}},
         };
       }

       function makeBlendComponent(bdPtr) {
         if (!bdPtr) return undefined;
         return {
           "operation": WebGPU.BlendOperation[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('bdPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBlendComponent.operation) }}}],
           "srcFactor": WebGPU.BlendFactor[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('bdPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBlendComponent.srcFactor) }}}],
           "dstFactor": WebGPU.BlendFactor[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('bdPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBlendComponent.dstFactor) }}}],
         };
       }

       function makeBlendState(bsPtr) {
         if (!bsPtr) return undefined;
         return {
           "alpha": makeBlendComponent(bsPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUBlendState.alpha }}}),
           "color": makeBlendComponent(bsPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUBlendState.color }}}),
         };
       }

       function makeColorState(csPtr) {
         {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('csPtr') }}}
         var formatInt = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('csPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUColorTargetState.format) }}};
         return formatInt === {{{ gpu.TextureFormat.Undefined }}} ? undefined : {
           "format": WebGPU.TextureFormat[formatInt],
           "blend": makeBlendState({{{ makeGetValue('csPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUColorTargetState.blend, '*') }}}),
           "writeMask": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('csPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUColorTargetState.writeMask) }}},
         };
       }

       function makeColorStates(count, csArrayPtr) {
         var states = [];
         for (var i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
           states.push(makeColorState(csArrayPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUColorTargetState.__size__ }}} * i));
         }
         return states;
       }

       function makeStencilStateFace(ssfPtr) {
         {{{ gpu.makeCheck('ssfPtr') }}}
         return {
           "compare": WebGPU.CompareFunction[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ssfPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUStencilFaceState.compare) }}}],
           "failOp": WebGPU.StencilOperation[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ssfPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUStencilFaceState.failOp) }}}],
           "depthFailOp": WebGPU.StencilOperation[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ssfPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUStencilFaceState.depthFailOp) }}}],
           "passOp": WebGPU.StencilOperation[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ssfPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUStencilFaceState.passOp) }}}],
         };
       }

       function makeDepthStencilState(dssPtr) {
         if (!dssPtr) return undefined;

         {{{ gpu.makeCheck('dssPtr') }}}
         return {
           "format": WebGPU.TextureFormat[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dssPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUDepthStencilState.format) }}}],
           "depthWriteEnabled": {{{ gpu.makeGetBool('dssPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUDepthStencilState.depthWriteEnabled) }}},
           "depthCompare": WebGPU.CompareFunction[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dssPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUDepthStencilState.depthCompare) }}}],
           "stencilFront": makeStencilStateFace(dssPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUDepthStencilState.stencilFront }}}),
           "stencilBack": makeStencilStateFace(dssPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUDepthStencilState.stencilBack }}}),
           "stencilReadMask": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dssPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUDepthStencilState.stencilReadMask) }}},
           "stencilWriteMask": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dssPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUDepthStencilState.stencilWriteMask) }}},
           "depthBias": {{{ makeGetValue('dssPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUDepthStencilState.depthBias, 'i32') }}},
           "depthBiasSlopeScale": {{{ makeGetValue('dssPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUDepthStencilState.depthBiasSlopeScale, 'float') }}},
           "depthBiasClamp": {{{ makeGetValue('dssPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUDepthStencilState.depthBiasClamp, 'float') }}},
         };
       }

       function makeVertexAttribute(vaPtr) {
         {{{ gpu.makeCheck('vaPtr') }}}
         return {
           "format": WebGPU.VertexFormat[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('vaPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexAttribute.format) }}}],
           "offset": {{{ gpu.makeGetU64('vaPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexAttribute.offset) }}},
           "shaderLocation": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('vaPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexAttribute.shaderLocation) }}},
         };
       }

       function makeVertexAttributes(count, vaArrayPtr) {
         var vas = [];
         for (var i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
           vas.push(makeVertexAttribute(vaArrayPtr + i * {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexAttribute.__size__ }}}));
         }
         return vas;
       }

       function makeVertexBuffer(vbPtr) {
         if (!vbPtr) return undefined;
         var stepModeInt = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('vbPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexBufferLayout.stepMode) }}};
         return stepModeInt === {{{ gpu.VertexStepMode.VertexBufferNotUsed }}} ? null : {
           "arrayStride": {{{ gpu.makeGetU64('vbPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexBufferLayout.arrayStride) }}},
           "stepMode": WebGPU.VertexStepMode[stepModeInt],
           "attributes": makeVertexAttributes(
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('vbPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexBufferLayout.attributeCount) }}},
             {{{ makeGetValue('vbPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexBufferLayout.attributes, '*') }}}),
         };
       }

       function makeVertexBuffers(count, vbArrayPtr) {
         if (!count) return undefined;

         var vbs = [];
         for (var i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
           vbs.push(makeVertexBuffer(vbArrayPtr + i * {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexBufferLayout.__size__ }}}));
         }
         return vbs;
       }

       function makeVertexState(viPtr) {
         if (!viPtr) return undefined;
         {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('viPtr') }}}
         var desc = {
           "module": WebGPU._tableGet(
             {{{ makeGetValue('viPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexState.module, '*') }}}),
           "constants": WebGPU.makePipelineConstants(
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('viPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexState.constantCount) }}},
             {{{ makeGetValue('viPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexState.constants, '*') }}}),
           "buffers": makeVertexBuffers(
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('viPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexState.bufferCount) }}},
             {{{ makeGetValue('viPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexState.buffers, '*') }}}),
           };
         var entryPointPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('viPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUVertexState.entryPoint, '*') }}};
         if (entryPointPtr) desc["entryPoint"] = UTF8ToString(entryPointPtr);
         return desc;
       }

       function makeMultisampleState(msPtr) {
         if (!msPtr) return undefined;
         {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('msPtr') }}}
         return {
           "count": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('msPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUMultisampleState.count) }}},
           "mask": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('msPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUMultisampleState.mask) }}},
           "alphaToCoverageEnabled": {{{ gpu.makeGetBool('msPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUMultisampleState.alphaToCoverageEnabled) }}},
         };
       }

       function makeFragmentState(fsPtr) {
         if (!fsPtr) return undefined;
         {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('fsPtr') }}}
         var desc = {
           "module": WebGPU._tableGet(
             {{{ makeGetValue('fsPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUFragmentState.module, '*') }}}),
           "constants": WebGPU.makePipelineConstants(
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('fsPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUFragmentState.constantCount) }}},
             {{{ makeGetValue('fsPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUFragmentState.constants, '*') }}}),
           "targets": makeColorStates(
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('fsPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUFragmentState.targetCount) }}},
             {{{ makeGetValue('fsPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUFragmentState.targets, '*') }}}),
           };
         var entryPointPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('fsPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUFragmentState.entryPoint, '*') }}};
         if (entryPointPtr) desc["entryPoint"] = UTF8ToString(entryPointPtr);
         return desc;
       }

       var desc = {
         "label": undefined,
         "layout": WebGPU.makePipelineLayout(
           {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor.layout, '*') }}}),
         "vertex": makeVertexState(
           descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor.vertex }}}),
         "primitive": makePrimitiveState(
           descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor.primitive }}}),
         "depthStencil": makeDepthStencilState(
           {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor.depthStencil, '*') }}}),
         "multisample": makeMultisampleState(
           descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor.multisample }}}),
         "fragment": makeFragmentState(
           {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor.fragment, '*') }}}),
       };
       var labelPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor.label, '*') }}};
       if (labelPtr) desc["label"] = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
       return desc;
     },

     fillLimitStruct: (limits, supportedLimitsOutPtr) => {
       var limitsOutPtr = supportedLimitsOutPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUSupportedLimits.limits }}};

       function setLimitValueU32(name, limitOffset) {
         var limitValue = limits[name];
         {{{ makeSetValue('limitsOutPtr', 'limitOffset', 'limitValue', 'i32') }}};
       }
       function setLimitValueU64(name, limitOffset) {
         var limitValue = limits[name];
         {{{ makeSetValue('limitsOutPtr', 'limitOffset', 'limitValue', 'i64') }}};
       }

       setLimitValueU32('maxTextureDimension1D', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxTextureDimension1D }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxTextureDimension2D', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxTextureDimension2D }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxTextureDimension3D', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxTextureDimension3D }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxTextureArrayLayers', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxTextureArrayLayers }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxBindGroups', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxBindGroups }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxBindGroupsPlusVertexBuffers', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxBindGroupsPlusVertexBuffers }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxBindingsPerBindGroup', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxBindingsPerBindGroup }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxDynamicUniformBuffersPerPipelineLayout', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxDynamicUniformBuffersPerPipelineLayout }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxDynamicStorageBuffersPerPipelineLayout', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxDynamicStorageBuffersPerPipelineLayout }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxSampledTexturesPerShaderStage', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxSampledTexturesPerShaderStage }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxSamplersPerShaderStage', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxSamplersPerShaderStage }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxStorageBuffersPerShaderStage', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxStorageBuffersPerShaderStage }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxStorageTexturesPerShaderStage', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxStorageTexturesPerShaderStage }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxUniformBuffersPerShaderStage', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxUniformBuffersPerShaderStage }}});
       setLimitValueU32('minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment }}});
       setLimitValueU32('minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment }}});

       setLimitValueU64('maxUniformBufferBindingSize', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxUniformBufferBindingSize }}});
       setLimitValueU64('maxStorageBufferBindingSize', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxStorageBufferBindingSize }}});

       setLimitValueU32('maxVertexBuffers', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxVertexBuffers }}});
       setLimitValueU64('maxBufferSize', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxBufferSize }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxVertexAttributes', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxVertexAttributes }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxVertexBufferArrayStride', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxVertexBufferArrayStride }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxInterStageShaderComponents', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxInterStageShaderComponents }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxInterStageShaderVariables', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxInterStageShaderVariables }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxColorAttachments', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxColorAttachments }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxColorAttachmentBytesPerSample', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxColorAttachmentBytesPerSample }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxComputeWorkgroupStorageSize', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxComputeWorkgroupStorageSize }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxComputeInvocationsPerWorkgroup', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxComputeInvocationsPerWorkgroup }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxComputeWorkgroupSizeX', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxComputeWorkgroupSizeX }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxComputeWorkgroupSizeY', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxComputeWorkgroupSizeY }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxComputeWorkgroupSizeZ', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxComputeWorkgroupSizeZ }}});
       setLimitValueU32('maxComputeWorkgroupsPerDimension', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxComputeWorkgroupsPerDimension }}});
     },

     // Maps from enum string back to enum number, for callbacks.
     {{{ WEBGPU_STRING_TO_INT_TABLES }}}

     // Maps from enum number to enum string.
     {{{ WEBGPU_INT_TO_STRING_TABLES }}}
   },

   // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Definitions for standalone JS emwgpu functions (callable from webgpu.cpp and
   //   library_html5_html.js)
   // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

   emwgpuDelete: (id) => {
     delete WebGPU._table[id];
   },

   // Extra helper that allow for directly inserting Devices (and their
   // corresponding Queue) that is called from the HTML5 library since there
   // isn't access to the C++ in webgpu.cpp there.
   emwgpuTableInsertDevice__deps: ['emwgpuCreateDevice', 'emwgpuCreateQueue', 'wgpuCreateInstance'],
   emwgpuTableInsertDevice: (device) => {
     var instancePtr = _wgpuCreateInstance();
     var queuePtr = _emwgpuCreateQueue();
     WebGPU._tableInsert(queuePtr, device.queue);
     var devicePtr = _emwgpuCreateDevice(instancePtr, queuePtr);
     WebGPU._tableInsert(devicePtr, device);
     return { instancePtr, devicePtr };
   },

 #if ASYNCIFY
   // Returns a FutureID that was resolved, or kNullFutureId if timed out.
   emwgpuWaitAny__async: true,
   emwgpuWaitAny: (futurePtr, futureCount, timeoutNSPtr) => {
     var promises = WebGPU._waitAnyPromisesList;
     if (timeoutNSPtr) {
       var timeoutMS = {{{ gpu.makeGetU64('timeoutNSPtr', 0) }}} / 1000000;
       promises.length = futureCount + 1;
       promise[futureCount] = new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, timeoutMS, 0));
     } else {
       promises.length = futureCount;
     }

     for (var i = 0; i < futureCount; ++i) {
       // If any of the FutureIDs are not tracked, it means it must be done.
       var futureId = {{{ gpu.makeGetU64('(futurePtr + i * 8)', 0) }}};
       if (!(futureId in WebGPU._futures)) {
         return futureId;
       }
       promises[i] = WebGPU._futures[futureId];
     }

     var result = Asyncify.handleAsync(async () => {
       return await Promise.race(promises);
     });

     // Clean up internal futures state.
     delete WebGPU._futures[result];
     WebGPU._waitAnyPromisesList.length = 0;
     return result;
   },
 #endif

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // WebGPU function definitions, with methods organized by "class".
   //
   // Also note that the full set of functions declared in webgpu.h are only
   // partially implemeted here. The remaining ones are implemented via
   // webgpu.cpp.
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Standalone (non-method) functions
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuAdapterPropertiesFreeMembers: (value) => {
     // wgpuAdapterGetProperties doesn't currently allocate anything.
   },

   wgpuGetInstanceFeatures: (featuresPtr) => {
     abort('TODO: wgpuGetInstanceFeatures unimplemented');
     return 0;
   },

   wgpuGetProcAddress: (device, procName) => {
     abort('TODO(#11526): wgpuGetProcAddress unimplemented');
     return 0;
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of Adapter
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuAdapterEnumerateFeatures: (adapterPtr, featuresOutPtr) => {
     var adapter = WebGPU._tableGet(adapterPtr);
     if (featuresOutPtr !== 0) {
       var offset = 0;
       adapter.features.forEach(feature => {
         var featureEnumValue = WebGPU.FeatureNameString2Enum[feature];
         {{{ makeSetValue('featuresOutPtr', 'offset', 'featureEnumValue', 'i32') }}};
         offset += 4;
       });
     }
     return adapter.features.size;
   },

   wgpuAdapterGetInfo__deps: ['$stringToNewUTF8'],
   wgpuAdapterGetInfo: (adapterPtr, info) => {
     var adapter = WebGPU._tableGet(adapterPtr);
     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('info') }}}

     var vendorPtr = stringToNewUTF8(adapter.info.vendor);
     {{{ makeSetValue('info', C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterInfo.vendor, 'vendorPtr', '*') }}};
     var architecturePtr = stringToNewUTF8(adapter.info.architecture);
     {{{ makeSetValue('info', C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterInfo.architecture, 'architecturePtr', '*') }}};
     var devicePtr = stringToNewUTF8(adapter.info.device);
     {{{ makeSetValue('info', C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterInfo.device, 'devicePtr', '*') }}};
     var descriptionPtr = stringToNewUTF8(adapter.info.description);
     {{{ makeSetValue('info', C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterInfo.description, 'descriptionPtr', '*') }}};
     {{{ makeSetValue('info', C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterInfo.backendType, gpu.BackendType.WebGPU, 'i32') }}};
     var adapterType = adapter.isFallbackAdapter ? {{{ gpu.AdapterType.CPU }}} : {{{ gpu.AdapterType.Unknown }}};
     {{{ makeSetValue('info', C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterInfo.adapterType, 'adapterType', 'i32') }}};
     {{{ makeSetValue('info', C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterInfo.vendorID, '0', 'i32') }}};
     {{{ makeSetValue('info', C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterInfo.deviceID, '0', 'i32') }}};
   },

   wgpuAdapterGetLimits: (adapterPtr, limitsOutPtr) => {
     var adapter = WebGPU._tableGet(adapterPtr);
     WebGPU.fillLimitStruct(adapter.limits, limitsOutPtr);
     return 1;
   },

   wgpuAdapterGetProperties__deps: ['$warnOnce'],
   wgpuAdapterGetProperties: (adapterPtr, properties) => {
     warnOnce('wgpuAdapterGetProperties is deprecated, use wgpuAdapterGetInfo instead');

     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('properties') }}}
     {{{ makeSetValue('properties', C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterProperties.vendorID, '0', 'i32') }}};
     {{{ makeSetValue('properties', C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterProperties.vendorName, '0', 'i32') }}};
     {{{ makeSetValue('properties', C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterProperties.architecture, '0', 'i32') }}};
     {{{ makeSetValue('properties', C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterProperties.deviceID, '0', 'i32') }}};
     {{{ makeSetValue('properties', C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterProperties.name, '0', 'i32') }}};
     {{{ makeSetValue('properties', C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterProperties.driverDescription, '0', 'i32') }}};
     {{{ makeSetValue('properties', C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterProperties.adapterType, gpu.AdapterType.Unknown, 'i32') }}};
     {{{ makeSetValue('properties', C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterProperties.backendType, gpu.BackendType.WebGPU, 'i32') }}};
     {{{ makeSetValue('properties', C_STRUCTS.WGPUAdapterProperties.compatibilityMode, '0', 'i32') }}};
   },

   wgpuAdapterHasFeature: (adapterPtr, featureEnumValue) => {
     var adapter = WebGPU._tableGet(adapterPtr);
     return adapter.features.has(WebGPU.FeatureName[featureEnumValue]);
   },

   emwgpuAdapterRequestDevice__i53abi: false,
   emwgpuAdapterRequestDevice__deps: ['$callUserCallback', '$stringToUTF8OnStack', 'emwgpuCreateQueue', 'emwgpuOnDeviceLostCompleted', 'emwgpuOnRequestDeviceCompleted', 'emwgpuOnUncapturedError'],
   emwgpuAdapterRequestDevice: (
     adapterPtr,
     futureIdL, futureIdH,
     deviceLostFutureIdL, deviceLostFutureIdH,
     devicePtr, queuePtr, descriptor
   ) => {
     var adapter = WebGPU._tableGet(adapterPtr);

     var desc = {};
     if (descriptor) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}
       var requiredFeatureCount = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUDeviceDescriptor.requiredFeatureCount) }}};
       if (requiredFeatureCount) {
         var requiredFeaturesPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUDeviceDescriptor.requiredFeatures, '*') }}};
         desc["requiredFeatures"] = Array.from({{{ makeHEAPView('32', 'requiredFeaturesPtr', `requiredFeaturesPtr + requiredFeatureCount * ${POINTER_SIZE}`) }}},
           (feature) => WebGPU.FeatureName[feature]);
       }
       var requiredLimitsPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUDeviceDescriptor.requiredLimits, '*') }}};
       if (requiredLimitsPtr) {
         {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('requiredLimitsPtr') }}}
         var limitsPtr = requiredLimitsPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPURequiredLimits.limits }}};
         var requiredLimits = {};
         function setLimitU32IfDefined(name, limitOffset) {
           var ptr = limitsPtr + limitOffset;
           var value = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', 0) }}};
           if (value != {{{ gpu.LIMIT_U32_UNDEFINED }}}) {
             requiredLimits[name] = value;
           }
         }
         function setLimitU64IfDefined(name, limitOffset) {
           var ptr = limitsPtr + limitOffset;
           // Handle WGPU_LIMIT_U64_UNDEFINED.
           var limitPart1 = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', 0) }}};
           var limitPart2 = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('ptr', 4) }}};
           if (limitPart1 != 0xFFFFFFFF || limitPart2 != 0xFFFFFFFF) {
             requiredLimits[name] = {{{ gpu.makeGetU64('ptr', 0) }}}
           }
         }

         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxTextureDimension1D", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxTextureDimension1D }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxTextureDimension2D", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxTextureDimension2D }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxTextureDimension3D", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxTextureDimension3D }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxTextureArrayLayers", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxTextureArrayLayers }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxBindGroups", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxBindGroups }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined('maxBindGroupsPlusVertexBuffers', {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxBindGroupsPlusVertexBuffers }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxDynamicUniformBuffersPerPipelineLayout", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxDynamicUniformBuffersPerPipelineLayout }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxDynamicStorageBuffersPerPipelineLayout", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxDynamicStorageBuffersPerPipelineLayout }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxSampledTexturesPerShaderStage", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxSampledTexturesPerShaderStage }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxSamplersPerShaderStage", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxSamplersPerShaderStage }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxStorageBuffersPerShaderStage", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxStorageBuffersPerShaderStage }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxStorageTexturesPerShaderStage", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxStorageTexturesPerShaderStage }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxUniformBuffersPerShaderStage", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxUniformBuffersPerShaderStage }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment }}});
         setLimitU64IfDefined("maxUniformBufferBindingSize", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxUniformBufferBindingSize }}});
         setLimitU64IfDefined("maxStorageBufferBindingSize", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxStorageBufferBindingSize }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxVertexBuffers", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxVertexBuffers }}});
         setLimitU64IfDefined("maxBufferSize", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxBufferSize }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxVertexAttributes", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxVertexAttributes }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxVertexBufferArrayStride", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxVertexBufferArrayStride }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxInterStageShaderComponents", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxInterStageShaderComponents }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxInterStageShaderVariables", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxInterStageShaderVariables }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxColorAttachments", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxColorAttachments }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxColorAttachmentBytesPerSample", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxColorAttachmentBytesPerSample }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxComputeWorkgroupStorageSize", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxComputeWorkgroupStorageSize }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxComputeInvocationsPerWorkgroup", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxComputeInvocationsPerWorkgroup }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxComputeWorkgroupSizeX", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxComputeWorkgroupSizeX }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxComputeWorkgroupSizeY", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxComputeWorkgroupSizeY }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxComputeWorkgroupSizeZ", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxComputeWorkgroupSizeZ }}});
         setLimitU32IfDefined("maxComputeWorkgroupsPerDimension", {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPULimits.maxComputeWorkgroupsPerDimension }}});
         desc["requiredLimits"] = requiredLimits;
       }

       var defaultQueuePtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUDeviceDescriptor.defaultQueue, '*') }}};
       if (defaultQueuePtr) {
         var defaultQueueDesc = {};
         var labelPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('defaultQueuePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUQueueDescriptor.label, '*') }}};
         if (labelPtr) defaultQueueDesc["label"] = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
         desc["defaultQueue"] = defaultQueueDesc;
       }

       var labelPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUDeviceDescriptor.label, '*') }}};
       if (labelPtr) desc["label"] = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
     }

     {{{ runtimeKeepalivePush() }}}
     var hasDeviceLostFutureId = !!deviceLostFutureIdH || !!deviceLostFutureIdL;
     WebGPU._futureInsert(futureIdL, futureIdH, adapter.requestDevice(desc).then((device) => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       WebGPU._tableInsert(queuePtr, device.queue);
       WebGPU._tableInsert(devicePtr, device);

       // Set up device lost promise resolution.
       if (hasDeviceLostFutureId) {
         WebGPU._futureInsert(deviceLostFutureIdL, deviceLostFutureIdH, device.lost.then((info) => {
           // Unset the uncaptured error handler.
           device.onuncapturederror = (ev) => {};
           withStackSave(() => {
             var messagePtr = stringToUTF8OnStack(info.message);
             _emwgpuOnDeviceLostCompleted(deviceLostFutureIdL, deviceLostFutureIdH, WebGPU.Int_DeviceLostReason[info.reason], messagePtr);
           });
         }));
       }

       // Set up uncaptured error handlers.
 #if ASSERTIONS
       assert(typeof GPUValidationError != 'undefined');
       assert(typeof GPUOutOfMemoryError != 'undefined');
       assert(typeof GPUInternalError != 'undefined');
 #endif
       device.onuncapturederror = (ev) => {
           var type = {{{ gpu.ErrorType.Unknown }}};;
           if (ev.error instanceof GPUValidationError) type = {{{ gpu.ErrorType.Validation }}};
           else if (ev.error instanceof GPUOutOfMemoryError) type = {{{ gpu.ErrorType.OutOfMemory }}};
           else if (ev.error instanceof GPUInternalError) type = {{{ gpu.ErrorType.Internal }}};
           withStackSave(() => {
             var messagePtr = stringToUTF8OnStack(ev.error.message);
             _emwgpuOnUncapturedError(devicePtr, type, messagePtr);
           });
       };

       _emwgpuOnRequestDeviceCompleted(futureIdL, futureIdH, {{{ gpu.RequestDeviceStatus.Success }}}, devicePtr, 0);
     }, (ex) => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       withStackSave(() => {
         var messagePtr = stringToUTF8OnStack(ex.message);
         _emwgpuOnRequestDeviceCompleted(futureIdL, futureIdH, {{{ gpu.RequestDeviceStatus.Error }}}, devicePtr, messagePtr);
         if (deviceLostFutureId) {
           _emwgpuOnDeviceLostCompleted(deviceLostFutureIdL, deviceLostFutureIdH, {{{ gpu.DeviceLostReason.FailedCreation }}}, messagePtr);
         }
       });
     }));
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of BindGroup
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuBindGroupSetLabel: (bindGroupPtr, labelPtr) => {
     var bindGroup = WebGPU._tableGet(bindGroupPtr);
     bindGroup.label = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of BindGroupLayout
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuBindGroupLayoutSetLabel: (bindGroupLayoutPtr, labelPtr) => {
     var bindGroupLayout = WebGPU._tableGet(bindGroupLayoutPtr);
     bindGroupLayout.label = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of Buffer
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuBufferDestroy: (bufferPtr) => {
     var bufferWrapper = WebGPU._tableGet(bufferPtr);
     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDefined('bufferWrapper') }}}
     if (bufferWrapper.onUnmap) {
       for (var i = 0; i < bufferWrapper.onUnmap.length; ++i) {
         bufferWrapper.onUnmap[i]();
       }
       bufferWrapper.onUnmap = undefined;
     }

     bufferWrapper.object.destroy();
   },

   // In webgpu.h offset and size are passed in as size_t.
   // And library_webgpu assumes that size_t is always 32bit in emscripten.
   wgpuBufferGetConstMappedRange__deps: ['$warnOnce', 'memalign', 'free'],
   wgpuBufferGetConstMappedRange: (bufferPtr, offset, size) => {
     var bufferWrapper = WebGPU._tableGet(bufferPtr);
     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDefined('bufferWrapper') }}}

     if (size === 0) warnOnce('getMappedRange size=0 no longer means WGPU_WHOLE_MAP_SIZE');

     {{{ gpu.convertSentinelToUndefined('size') }}}

     var mapped;
     try {
       mapped = bufferWrapper.object.getMappedRange(offset, size);
     } catch (ex) {
 #if ASSERTIONS
       err(`wgpuBufferGetConstMappedRange(${offset}, ${size}) failed: ${ex}`);
 #endif
       // TODO(kainino0x): Somehow inject a validation error?
       return 0;
     }
     var data = _memalign(16, mapped.byteLength);
     HEAPU8.set(new Uint8Array(mapped), data);
     bufferWrapper.onUnmap.push(() => _free(data));
     return data;
   },

   wgpuBufferGetMapState: (bufferPtr) => {
     var buffer = WebGPU._tableGet(bufferPtr).object;
     return WebGPU.Int_BufferMapState[buffer.mapState];
   },

   // In webgpu.h offset and size are passed in as size_t.
   // And library_webgpu assumes that size_t is always 32bit in emscripten.
   wgpuBufferGetMappedRange__deps: ['$warnOnce', 'memalign', 'free'],
   wgpuBufferGetMappedRange: (bufferPtr, offset, size) => {
     var bufferWrapper = WebGPU._tableGet(bufferPtr);
     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDefined('bufferWrapper') }}}

     if (size === 0) warnOnce('getMappedRange size=0 no longer means WGPU_WHOLE_MAP_SIZE');

     {{{ gpu.convertSentinelToUndefined('size') }}}

     if (bufferWrapper.mapMode !== {{{ gpu.MapMode.Write }}}) {
 #if ASSERTIONS
       abort("GetMappedRange called, but buffer not mapped for writing");
 #endif
       // TODO(kainino0x): Somehow inject a validation error?
       return 0;
     }

     var mapped;
     try {
       mapped = bufferWrapper.object.getMappedRange(offset, size);
     } catch (ex) {
 #if ASSERTIONS
       err(`wgpuBufferGetMappedRange(${offset}, ${size}) failed: ${ex}`);
 #endif
       // TODO(kainino0x): Somehow inject a validation error?
       return 0;
     }

     var data = _memalign(16, mapped.byteLength);
     HEAPU8.fill(0, data, mapped.byteLength);
     bufferWrapper.onUnmap.push(() => {
       new Uint8Array(mapped).set(HEAPU8.subarray(data, data + mapped.byteLength));
       _free(data);
     });
     return data;
   },

   wgpuBufferGetSize: (bufferPtr) => {
     var buffer = WebGPU._tableGet(bufferPtr).object;
     // 64-bit
     return buffer.size;
   },

   wgpuBufferGetUsage: (bufferPtr) => {
     var buffer = WebGPU._tableGet(bufferPtr).object;
     return buffer.usage;
   },

   // In webgpu.h offset and size are passed in as size_t.
   // And library_webgpu assumes that size_t is always 32bit in emscripten.
   wgpuBufferMapAsync__deps: ['$callUserCallback'],
   wgpuBufferMapAsync: (bufferPtr, mode, offset, size, callback, userdata) => {
     var bufferWrapper = WebGPU._tableGet(bufferPtr);
     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDefined('bufferWrapper') }}}
     bufferWrapper.mapMode = mode;
     bufferWrapper.onUnmap = [];
     var buffer = bufferWrapper.object;

     {{{ gpu.convertSentinelToUndefined('size') }}}

     // `callback` takes (WGPUBufferMapAsyncStatus status, void * userdata)

     {{{ runtimeKeepalivePush() }}}
     buffer.mapAsync(mode, offset, size).then(() => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       callUserCallback(() => {
         {{{ makeDynCall('vip', 'callback') }}}({{{ gpu.BufferMapAsyncStatus.Success }}}, userdata);
       });
     }, () => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       callUserCallback(() => {
         // TODO(kainino0x): Figure out how to pick other error status values.
         {{{ makeDynCall('vip', 'callback') }}}({{{ gpu.BufferMapAsyncStatus.ValidationError }}}, userdata);
       });
     });
   },

   wgpuBufferSetLabel: (bufferPtr, labelPtr) => {
     var buffer = WebGPU._tableGet(bufferPtr).object;
     buffer.label = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
   },

   wgpuBufferUnmap: (bufferPtr) => {
     var bufferWrapper = WebGPU._tableGet(bufferPtr);
     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDefined('bufferWrapper') }}}

     if (!bufferWrapper.onUnmap) {
       // Already unmapped
       return;
     }

     for (var i = 0; i < bufferWrapper.onUnmap.length; ++i) {
       bufferWrapper.onUnmap[i]();
     }
     bufferWrapper.onUnmap = undefined;

     bufferWrapper.object.unmap();
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of CommandBuffer
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuCommandBufferSetLabel: (commandBufferPtr, labelPtr) => {
     var commandBuffer = WebGPU._tableGet(commandBufferPtr);
     commandBuffer.label = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of CommandEncoder
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuCommandEncoderBeginComputePass__deps: ['emwgpuCreateComputePassEncoder'],
   wgpuCommandEncoderBeginComputePass: (encoderPtr, descriptor) => {
     var desc;

     function makeComputePassTimestampWrites(twPtr) {
       if (twPtr === 0) return undefined;

       return {
         "querySet": WebGPU._tableGet(
           {{{ makeGetValue('twPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUComputePassTimestampWrites.querySet, '*') }}}),
         "beginningOfPassWriteIndex": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('twPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUComputePassTimestampWrites.beginningOfPassWriteIndex) }}},
         "endOfPassWriteIndex": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('twPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUComputePassTimestampWrites.endOfPassWriteIndex) }}},
       };
     }

     if (descriptor) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}
       desc = {
         "label": undefined,
         "timestampWrites": makeComputePassTimestampWrites(
           {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUComputePassDescriptor.timestampWrites, '*') }}}),
       };
       var labelPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUComputePassDescriptor.label, '*') }}};
       if (labelPtr) desc["label"] = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);

     }
     var commandEncoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateComputePassEncoder();
     WebGPU._tableInsert(ptr, commandEncoder.beginComputePass(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuCommandEncoderBeginRenderPass__deps: ['emwgpuCreateRenderPassEncoder'],
   wgpuCommandEncoderBeginRenderPass: (encoderPtr, descriptor) => {
     {{{ gpu.makeCheck('descriptor') }}}

     function makeColorAttachment(caPtr) {
       var viewPtr = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('caPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassColorAttachment.view) }}};
       if (viewPtr === 0) {
         // view could be undefined.
         return undefined;
       }

       var depthSlice = {{{ makeGetValue('caPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassColorAttachment.depthSlice, 'i32') }}};
       {{{ gpu.convertSentinelToUndefined('depthSlice') }}}

       var loadOpInt = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('caPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassColorAttachment.loadOp) }}};
       #if ASSERTIONS
           assert(loadOpInt !== {{{ gpu.LoadOp.Undefined }}});
       #endif

       var storeOpInt = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('caPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassColorAttachment.storeOp) }}};
       #if ASSERTIONS
           assert(storeOpInt !== {{{ gpu.StoreOp.Undefined }}});
       #endif

       var clearValue = WebGPU.makeColor(caPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassColorAttachment.clearValue }}});

       return {
         "view": WebGPU._tableGet(viewPtr),
         "depthSlice": depthSlice,
         "resolveTarget": WebGPU._tableGet(
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('caPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassColorAttachment.resolveTarget) }}}),
         "clearValue": clearValue,
         "loadOp":  WebGPU.LoadOp[loadOpInt],
         "storeOp": WebGPU.StoreOp[storeOpInt],
       };
     }

     function makeColorAttachments(count, caPtr) {
       var attachments = [];
       for (var i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
         attachments.push(makeColorAttachment(caPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassColorAttachment.__size__ }}} * i));
       }
       return attachments;
     }

     function makeDepthStencilAttachment(dsaPtr) {
       if (dsaPtr === 0) return undefined;

       return {
         "view": WebGPU._tableGet(
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dsaPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment.view) }}}),
         "depthClearValue": {{{ makeGetValue('dsaPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment.depthClearValue, 'float') }}},
         "depthLoadOp": WebGPU.LoadOp[
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dsaPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment.depthLoadOp) }}}],
         "depthStoreOp": WebGPU.StoreOp[
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dsaPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment.depthStoreOp) }}}],
         "depthReadOnly": {{{ gpu.makeGetBool('dsaPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment.depthReadOnly) }}},
         "stencilClearValue": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dsaPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment.stencilClearValue) }}},
         "stencilLoadOp": WebGPU.LoadOp[
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dsaPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment.stencilLoadOp) }}}],
         "stencilStoreOp": WebGPU.StoreOp[
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dsaPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment.stencilStoreOp) }}}],
         "stencilReadOnly": {{{ gpu.makeGetBool('dsaPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment.stencilReadOnly) }}},
       };
     }

     function makeRenderPassTimestampWrites(twPtr) {
       if (twPtr === 0) return undefined;

       return {
         "querySet": WebGPU._tableGet(
           {{{ makeGetValue('twPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassTimestampWrites.querySet, '*') }}}),
         "beginningOfPassWriteIndex": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('twPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassTimestampWrites.beginningOfPassWriteIndex) }}},
         "endOfPassWriteIndex": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('twPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassTimestampWrites.endOfPassWriteIndex) }}},
       };
     }

     function makeRenderPassDescriptor(descriptor) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheck('descriptor') }}}
       var nextInChainPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDescriptor.nextInChain, '*') }}};

       var maxDrawCount = undefined;
       if (nextInChainPtr !== 0) {
         var sType = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('nextInChainPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUChainedStruct.sType) }}};
 #if ASSERTIONS
         assert(sType === {{{ gpu.SType.RenderPassDescriptorMaxDrawCount }}});
         assert(0 === {{{ makeGetValue('nextInChainPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUChainedStruct.next, '*') }}});
 #endif
         var renderPassDescriptorMaxDrawCount = nextInChainPtr;
         {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('renderPassDescriptorMaxDrawCount') }}}
         maxDrawCount = {{{ gpu.makeGetU64('renderPassDescriptorMaxDrawCount', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDescriptorMaxDrawCount.maxDrawCount) }}};
       }

       var desc = {
         "label": undefined,
         "colorAttachments": makeColorAttachments(
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDescriptor.colorAttachmentCount) }}},
           {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDescriptor.colorAttachments, '*') }}}),
         "depthStencilAttachment": makeDepthStencilAttachment(
           {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDescriptor.depthStencilAttachment, '*') }}}),
         "occlusionQuerySet": WebGPU._tableGet(
           {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDescriptor.occlusionQuerySet, '*') }}}),
         "timestampWrites": makeRenderPassTimestampWrites(
           {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDescriptor.timestampWrites, '*') }}}),
           "maxDrawCount": maxDrawCount,
       };
       var labelPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderPassDescriptor.label, '*') }}};
       if (labelPtr) desc["label"] = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);

       return desc;
     }

     var desc = makeRenderPassDescriptor(descriptor);

     var commandEncoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateRenderPassEncoder();
     WebGPU._tableInsert(ptr, commandEncoder.beginRenderPass(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuCommandEncoderClearBuffer: (encoderPtr, bufferPtr, offset, size) => {
     var commandEncoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     {{{ gpu.convertSentinelToUndefined('size') }}}

     var buffer = WebGPU._tableGet(bufferPtr).object;
     commandEncoder.clearBuffer(buffer, offset, size);
   },

   wgpuCommandEncoderCopyBufferToBuffer: (encoderPtr, srcPtr, srcOffset, dstPtr, dstOffset, size) => {
     var commandEncoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     var src = WebGPU._tableGet(srcPtr);
     var dst = WebGPU._tableGet(dstPtr);
     commandEncoder.copyBufferToBuffer(src, srcOffset, dst, dstOffset, size);
   },

   wgpuCommandEncoderCopyBufferToTexture: (encoderPtr, srcPtr, dstPtr, copySizePtr) => {
     var commandEncoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     var copySize = WebGPU.makeExtent3D(copySizePtr);
     commandEncoder.copyBufferToTexture(
       WebGPU.makeImageCopyBuffer(srcPtr), WebGPU.makeImageCopyTexture(dstPtr), copySize);
   },

   wgpuCommandEncoderCopyTextureToBuffer: (encoderPtr, srcPtr, dstPtr, copySizePtr) => {
     var commandEncoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     var copySize = WebGPU.makeExtent3D(copySizePtr);
     commandEncoder.copyTextureToBuffer(
       WebGPU.makeImageCopyTexture(srcPtr), WebGPU.makeImageCopyBuffer(dstPtr), copySize);
   },

   wgpuCommandEncoderCopyTextureToTexture: (encoderPtr, srcPtr, dstPtr, copySizePtr) => {
     var commandEncoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     var copySize = WebGPU.makeExtent3D(copySizePtr);
     commandEncoder.copyTextureToTexture(
       WebGPU.makeImageCopyTexture(srcPtr), WebGPU.makeImageCopyTexture(dstPtr), copySize);
   },

   wgpuCommandEncoderFinish__deps: ['emwgpuCreateCommandBuffer'],
   wgpuCommandEncoderFinish: (encoderPtr, descriptor) => {
     // TODO: Use the descriptor.
     var commandEncoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateCommandBuffer();
     WebGPU._tableInsert(ptr, commandEncoder.finish());
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuCommandEncoderInsertDebugMarker: (encoderPtr, markerLabelPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     encoder.insertDebugMarker(UTF8ToString(markerLabelPtr));
   },

   wgpuCommandEncoderPopDebugGroup: (encoderPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     encoder.popDebugGroup();
   },

   wgpuCommandEncoderPushDebugGroup: (encoderPtr, groupLabelPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     encoder.pushDebugGroup(UTF8ToString(groupLabelPtr));
   },

   wgpuCommandEncoderResolveQuerySet: (encoderPtr, querySetPtr, firstQuery, queryCount, destinationPtr, destinationOffset) => {
     var commandEncoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     var querySet = WebGPU._tableGet(querySetPtr);
     var destination = WebGPU._tableGet(destinationPtr);

     commandEncoder.resolveQuerySet(querySet, firstQuery, queryCount, destination, destinationOffset);
   },

   wgpuCommandEncoderSetLabel: (encoderPtr, labelPtr) => {
     var commandEncoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     commandEncoder.label = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
   },

   wgpuCommandEncoderWriteTimestamp: (encoderPtr, querySetPtr, queryIndex) => {
     var commandEncoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     var querySet = WebGPU._tableGet(querySetPtr);
     commandEncoder.writeTimestamp(querySet, queryIndex);
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of ComputePassEncoder
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuComputePassEncoderDispatchWorkgroups: (passPtr, x, y, z) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     pass.dispatchWorkgroups(x, y, z);
   },

   wgpuComputePassEncoderDispatchWorkgroupsIndirect: (passPtr, indirectBufferPtr, indirectOffset) => {
     var indirectBuffer = WebGPU._tableGet(indirectBufferPtr);
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     pass.dispatchWorkgroupsIndirect(indirectBuffer, indirectOffset);
   },

   wgpuComputePassEncoderEnd: (passPtr) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     pass.end();
   },

   wgpuComputePassEncoderInsertDebugMarker: (encoderPtr, markerLabelPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     encoder.insertDebugMarker(UTF8ToString(markerLabelPtr));
   },

   wgpuComputePassEncoderPopDebugGroup: (encoderPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     encoder.popDebugGroup();
   },

   wgpuComputePassEncoderPushDebugGroup: (encoderPtr, groupLabelPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     encoder.pushDebugGroup(UTF8ToString(groupLabelPtr));
   },

   wgpuComputePassEncoderSetBindGroup: (passPtr, groupIndex, groupPtr, dynamicOffsetCount, dynamicOffsetsPtr) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     var group = WebGPU._tableGet(groupPtr);
     if (dynamicOffsetCount == 0) {
       pass.setBindGroup(groupIndex, group);
     } else {
       var offsets = [];
       for (var i = 0; i < dynamicOffsetCount; i++, dynamicOffsetsPtr += 4) {
         offsets.push({{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dynamicOffsetsPtr', 0) }}});
       }
       pass.setBindGroup(groupIndex, group, offsets);
     }
   },

   wgpuComputePassEncoderSetLabel: (passPtr, labelPtr) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     pass.label = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
   },

   wgpuComputePassEncoderSetPipeline: (passPtr, pipelinePtr) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     var pipeline = WebGPU._tableGet(pipelinePtr);
     pass.setPipeline(pipeline);
   },

   wgpuComputePassEncoderWriteTimestamp: (encoderPtr, querySetPtr, queryIndex) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     var querySet = WebGPU._tableGet(querySetPtr);
     encoder.writeTimestamp(querySet, queryIndex);
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of ComputePipeline
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuComputePipelineGetBindGroupLayout__deps: ['emwgpuCreateBindGroupLayout'],
   wgpuComputePipelineGetBindGroupLayout: (pipelinePtr, groupIndex) => {
     var pipeline = WebGPU._tableGet(pipelinePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateBindGroupLayout();
     WebGPU._tableInsert(ptr, pipeline.getBindGroupLayout(groupIndex));
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuComputePipelineSetLabel: (pipelinePtr, labelPtr) => {
     var pipeline = WebGPU._tableGet(pipelinePtr);
     pipeline.label = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of Device
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroup__deps: ['$readI53FromI64', 'emwgpuCreateBindGroup'],
   wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroup: (devicePtr, descriptor) => {
     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}

     function makeEntry(entryPtr) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheck('entryPtr') }}}

       var bufferPtr = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupEntry.buffer) }}};
       var samplerPtr = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupEntry.sampler) }}};
       var textureViewPtr = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupEntry.textureView) }}};
 #if ASSERTIONS
       assert((bufferPtr !== 0) + (samplerPtr !== 0) + (textureViewPtr !== 0) === 1);
 #endif

       var binding = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupEntry.binding) }}};

       if (bufferPtr) {
         var size = {{{ makeGetValue('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupEntry.size, 'i53') }}};
         {{{ gpu.convertSentinelToUndefined('size') }}}

         return {
           "binding": binding,
           "resource": {
             "buffer": WebGPU._tableGet(bufferPtr).object,
             "offset": {{{ gpu.makeGetU64('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupEntry.offset) }}},
             "size": size
           },
         };
       } else if (samplerPtr) {
         return {
           "binding": binding,
           "resource": WebGPU._tableGet(samplerPtr),
         };
       } else {
         return {
           "binding": binding,
           "resource": WebGPU._tableGet(textureViewPtr),
         };
       }
     }

     function makeEntries(count, entriesPtrs) {
       var entries = [];
       for (var i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
         entries.push(makeEntry(entriesPtrs +
             {{{C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupEntry.__size__}}} * i));
       }
       return entries;
     }

     var desc = {
       "label": undefined,
       "layout": WebGPU._tableGet(
         {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupDescriptor.layout, '*') }}}),
       "entries": makeEntries(
         {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupDescriptor.entryCount) }}},
         {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupDescriptor.entries, '*') }}}
       ),
     };
     var labelPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupDescriptor.label, '*') }}};
     if (labelPtr) desc["label"] = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);

     var device = WebGPU._tableGet(devicePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateBindGroup();
     WebGPU._tableInsert(ptr, device.createBindGroup(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroupLayout__deps: ['emwgpuCreateBindGroupLayout'],
   wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroupLayout: (devicePtr, descriptor) => {
     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}

     function makeBufferEntry(entryPtr) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheck('entryPtr') }}}

       var typeInt =
         {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBufferBindingLayout.type) }}};
       if (!typeInt) return undefined;

       return {
         "type": WebGPU.BufferBindingType[typeInt],
         "hasDynamicOffset":
           {{{ gpu.makeGetBool('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBufferBindingLayout.hasDynamicOffset) }}},
         "minBindingSize":
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU64('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBufferBindingLayout.minBindingSize) }}},
       };
     }

     function makeSamplerEntry(entryPtr) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheck('entryPtr') }}}

       var typeInt =
         {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSamplerBindingLayout.type) }}};
       if (!typeInt) return undefined;

       return {
         "type": WebGPU.SamplerBindingType[typeInt],
       };
     }

     function makeTextureEntry(entryPtr) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheck('entryPtr') }}}

       var sampleTypeInt =
         {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureBindingLayout.sampleType) }}};
       if (!sampleTypeInt) return undefined;

       return {
         "sampleType": WebGPU.TextureSampleType[sampleTypeInt],
         "viewDimension": WebGPU.TextureViewDimension[
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureBindingLayout.viewDimension) }}}],
         "multisampled":
           {{{ gpu.makeGetBool('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureBindingLayout.multisampled) }}},
       };
     }

     function makeStorageTextureEntry(entryPtr) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheck('entryPtr') }}}

       var accessInt =
         {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUStorageTextureBindingLayout.access) }}}
       if (!accessInt) return undefined;

       return {
         "access": WebGPU.StorageTextureAccess[accessInt],
         "format": WebGPU.TextureFormat[
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUStorageTextureBindingLayout.format) }}}],
         "viewDimension": WebGPU.TextureViewDimension[
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUStorageTextureBindingLayout.viewDimension) }}}],
       };
     }

     function makeEntry(entryPtr) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheck('entryPtr') }}}

       return {
         "binding":
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry.binding) }}},
         "visibility":
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('entryPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry.visibility) }}},
         "buffer": makeBufferEntry(entryPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry.buffer }}}),
         "sampler": makeSamplerEntry(entryPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry.sampler }}}),
         "texture": makeTextureEntry(entryPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry.texture }}}),
         "storageTexture": makeStorageTextureEntry(entryPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry.storageTexture }}}),
       };
     }

     function makeEntries(count, entriesPtrs) {
       var entries = [];
       for (var i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
         entries.push(makeEntry(entriesPtrs +
             {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry.__size__ }}} * i));
       }
       return entries;
     }

     var desc = {
       "entries": makeEntries(
         {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupLayoutDescriptor.entryCount) }}},
         {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupLayoutDescriptor.entries, '*') }}}
       ),
     };
     var labelPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBindGroupLayoutDescriptor.label, '*') }}};
     if (labelPtr) desc["label"] = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);

     var device = WebGPU._tableGet(devicePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateBindGroupLayout();
     WebGPU._tableInsert(ptr, device.createBindGroupLayout(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuDeviceCreateBuffer__deps: ['emwgpuCreateBuffer'],
   wgpuDeviceCreateBuffer: (devicePtr, descriptor) => {
     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}

     var mappedAtCreation = {{{ gpu.makeGetBool('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBufferDescriptor.mappedAtCreation) }}};

     var desc = {
       "label": undefined,
       "usage": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBufferDescriptor.usage) }}},
       "size": {{{ gpu.makeGetU64('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBufferDescriptor.size) }}},
       "mappedAtCreation": mappedAtCreation,
     };
     var labelPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUBufferDescriptor.label, '*') }}};
     if (labelPtr) desc["label"] = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);

     var device = WebGPU._tableGet(devicePtr);
     var bufferWrapper = {
       object: device.createBuffer(desc),
     };
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateBuffer();
     WebGPU._tableInsert(ptr, bufferWrapper);
     if (mappedAtCreation) {
       bufferWrapper.mapMode = {{{ gpu.MapMode.Write }}};
       bufferWrapper.onUnmap = [];
     }
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuDeviceCreateCommandEncoder__deps: ['emwgpuCreateCommandEncoder'],
   wgpuDeviceCreateCommandEncoder: (devicePtr, descriptor) => {
     var desc;
     if (descriptor) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}
       desc = {
         "label": undefined,
       };
       var labelPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUCommandEncoderDescriptor.label, '*') }}};
       if (labelPtr) desc["label"] = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
     }
     var device = WebGPU._tableGet(devicePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateCommandEncoder();
     WebGPU._tableInsert(ptr, device.createCommandEncoder(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuDeviceCreateComputePipeline__deps: ['emwgpuCreateComputePipeline'],
   wgpuDeviceCreateComputePipeline: (devicePtr, descriptor) => {
     var desc = WebGPU.makeComputePipelineDesc(descriptor);
     var device = WebGPU._tableGet(devicePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateComputePipeline();
     WebGPU._tableInsert(ptr, device.createComputePipeline(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuDeviceCreateComputePipelineAsync__deps: ['$callUserCallback', '$stringToUTF8OnStack', 'emwgpuCreateComputePipeline'],
   wgpuDeviceCreateComputePipelineAsync: (devicePtr, descriptor, callback, userdata) => {
     var desc = WebGPU.makeComputePipelineDesc(descriptor);
     var device = WebGPU._tableGet(devicePtr);
     {{{ runtimeKeepalivePush() }}}
     device.createComputePipelineAsync(desc).then((pipeline) => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       callUserCallback(() => {
         var ptr = _emwgpuCreateComputePipeline();
         WebGPU._tableInsert(ptr, pipeline);
         {{{ makeDynCall('vippp', 'callback') }}}({{{ gpu.CreatePipelineAsyncStatus.Success }}}, ptr, 0, userdata);
       });
     }, (pipelineError) => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       callUserCallback(() => {
         var sp = stackSave();
         var messagePtr = stringToUTF8OnStack(pipelineError.message);
         if (pipelineError.reason === 'validation') {
           {{{ makeDynCall('vippp', 'callback') }}}({{{ gpu.CreatePipelineAsyncStatus.ValidationError }}}, 0, messagePtr, userdata);
         } else if (pipelineError.reason === 'internal') {
           {{{ makeDynCall('vippp', 'callback') }}}({{{ gpu.CreatePipelineAsyncStatus.InternalError }}}, 0, messagePtr, userdata);
         } else {
           {{{ makeDynCall('vippp', 'callback') }}}({{{ gpu.CreatePipelineAsyncStatus.Unknown }}}, 0, messagePtr, userdata);
         }
         stackRestore(sp);
       });
     });
   },

   wgpuDeviceCreatePipelineLayout__deps: ['emwgpuCreatePipelineLayout'],
   wgpuDeviceCreatePipelineLayout: (devicePtr, descriptor) => {
     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}
     var bglCount = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUPipelineLayoutDescriptor.bindGroupLayoutCount) }}};
     var bglPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUPipelineLayoutDescriptor.bindGroupLayouts, '*') }}};
     var bgls = [];
     for (var i = 0; i < bglCount; ++i) {
       bgls.push(WebGPU._tableGet(
         {{{ makeGetValue('bglPtr', `${POINTER_SIZE} * i`, '*') }}}));
     }
     var desc = {
       "label": undefined,
       "bindGroupLayouts": bgls,
     };
     var labelPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUPipelineLayoutDescriptor.label, '*') }}};
     if (labelPtr) desc["label"] = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);

     var device = WebGPU._tableGet(devicePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreatePipelineLayout();
     WebGPU._tableInsert(ptr, device.createPipelineLayout(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuDeviceCreateQuerySet__deps: ['emwgpuCreateQuerySet'],
   wgpuDeviceCreateQuerySet: (devicePtr, descriptor) => {
     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}

     var desc = {
       "type": WebGPU.QueryType[
         {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUQuerySetDescriptor.type) }}}],
       "count": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUQuerySetDescriptor.count) }}},
     };

     var device = WebGPU._tableGet(devicePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateQuerySet();
     WebGPU._tableInsert(ptr, device.createQuerySet(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuDeviceCreateRenderBundleEncoder__deps: ['emwgpuCreateRenderBundleEncoder'],
   wgpuDeviceCreateRenderBundleEncoder: (devicePtr, descriptor) => {
     {{{ gpu.makeCheck('descriptor') }}}

     function makeRenderBundleEncoderDescriptor(descriptor) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheck('descriptor') }}}

       function makeColorFormats(count, formatsPtr) {
         var formats = [];
         for (var i = 0; i < count; ++i, formatsPtr += 4) {
           // format could be undefined
           formats.push(WebGPU.TextureFormat[{{{ gpu.makeGetU32('formatsPtr', 0) }}}]);
         }
         return formats;
       }

       var desc = {
         "label": undefined,
         "colorFormats": makeColorFormats(
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderBundleEncoderDescriptor.colorFormatCount) }}},
           {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderBundleEncoderDescriptor.colorFormats, '*') }}}),
         "depthStencilFormat": WebGPU.TextureFormat[{{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderBundleEncoderDescriptor.depthStencilFormat) }}}],
         "sampleCount": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderBundleEncoderDescriptor.sampleCount) }}},
         "depthReadOnly": {{{ gpu.makeGetBool('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderBundleEncoderDescriptor.depthReadOnly) }}},
         "stencilReadOnly": {{{ gpu.makeGetBool('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderBundleEncoderDescriptor.stencilReadOnly) }}},
       };
       var labelPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderBundleEncoderDescriptor.label, '*') }}};
       if (labelPtr) desc["label"] = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
       return desc;
     }

     var desc = makeRenderBundleEncoderDescriptor(descriptor);
     var device = WebGPU._tableGet(devicePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateRenderBundleEncoder();
     WebGPU._tableInsert(ptr, device.createRenderBundleEncoder(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuDeviceCreateRenderPipeline__deps: ['emwgpuCreateRenderPipeline'],
   wgpuDeviceCreateRenderPipeline: (devicePtr, descriptor) => {
     var desc = WebGPU.makeRenderPipelineDesc(descriptor);
     var device = WebGPU._tableGet(devicePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateRenderPipeline();
     WebGPU._tableInsert(ptr, device.createRenderPipeline(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuDeviceCreateRenderPipelineAsync__deps: ['$callUserCallback', '$stringToUTF8OnStack', 'emwgpuCreateRenderPipeline'],
   wgpuDeviceCreateRenderPipelineAsync: (devicePtr, descriptor, callback, userdata) => {
     var desc = WebGPU.makeRenderPipelineDesc(descriptor);
     var device = WebGPU._tableGet(devicePtr);
     {{{ runtimeKeepalivePush() }}}
     device.createRenderPipelineAsync(desc).then((pipeline) => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       callUserCallback(() => {
         var ptr = _emwgpuCreateRenderPipeline();
         WebGPU._tableInsert(ptr, pipeline);
         {{{ makeDynCall('vippp', 'callback') }}}({{{ gpu.CreatePipelineAsyncStatus.Success }}}, ptr, 0, userdata);
       });
     }, (pipelineError) => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       callUserCallback(() => {
         var sp = stackSave();
         var messagePtr = stringToUTF8OnStack(pipelineError.message);
         if (pipelineError.reason === 'validation') {
           {{{ makeDynCall('vippp', 'callback') }}}({{{ gpu.CreatePipelineAsyncStatus.ValidationError }}}, 0, messagePtr, userdata);
         } else if (pipelineError.reason === 'internal') {
           {{{ makeDynCall('vippp', 'callback') }}}({{{ gpu.CreatePipelineAsyncStatus.InternalError }}}, 0, messagePtr, userdata);
         } else {
           {{{ makeDynCall('vippp', 'callback') }}}({{{ gpu.CreatePipelineAsyncStatus.Unknown }}}, 0, messagePtr, userdata);
         }
         stackRestore(sp);
       });
     });
   },

   wgpuDeviceCreateSampler__deps: ['emwgpuCreateSampler'],
   wgpuDeviceCreateSampler: (devicePtr, descriptor) => {
     var desc;
     if (descriptor) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}

       desc = {
         "label": undefined,
         "addressModeU": WebGPU.AddressMode[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSamplerDescriptor.addressModeU) }}}],
         "addressModeV": WebGPU.AddressMode[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSamplerDescriptor.addressModeV) }}}],
         "addressModeW": WebGPU.AddressMode[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSamplerDescriptor.addressModeW) }}}],
         "magFilter": WebGPU.FilterMode[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSamplerDescriptor.magFilter) }}}],
         "minFilter": WebGPU.FilterMode[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSamplerDescriptor.minFilter) }}}],
         "mipmapFilter": WebGPU.MipmapFilterMode[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSamplerDescriptor.mipmapFilter) }}}],
         "lodMinClamp": {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSamplerDescriptor.lodMinClamp, 'float') }}},
         "lodMaxClamp": {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSamplerDescriptor.lodMaxClamp, 'float') }}},
         "compare": WebGPU.CompareFunction[
             {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSamplerDescriptor.compare) }}}],
       };
       var labelPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSamplerDescriptor.label, '*') }}};
       if (labelPtr) desc["label"] = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
     }

     var device = WebGPU._tableGet(devicePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateSampler();
     WebGPU._tableInsert(ptr, device.createSampler(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuDeviceCreateShaderModule__deps: ['emwgpuCreateShaderModule'],
   wgpuDeviceCreateShaderModule: (devicePtr, descriptor) => {
     {{{ gpu.makeCheck('descriptor') }}}
     var nextInChainPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUShaderModuleDescriptor.nextInChain, '*') }}};
 #if ASSERTIONS
     assert(nextInChainPtr !== 0);
 #endif
     var sType = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('nextInChainPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUChainedStruct.sType) }}};

     var desc = {
       "label": undefined,
       "code": "",
     };
     var labelPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUShaderModuleDescriptor.label, '*') }}};
     if (labelPtr) desc["label"] = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);

     switch (sType) {
       case {{{ gpu.SType.ShaderModuleSPIRVDescriptor }}}: {
         var count = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('nextInChainPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUShaderModuleSPIRVDescriptor.codeSize) }}};
         var start = {{{ makeGetValue('nextInChainPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUShaderModuleSPIRVDescriptor.code, '*') }}};
         var offset = {{{ getHeapOffset('start', 'u32') }}};
 #if PTHREADS
         // Chrome can't currently handle a SharedArrayBuffer view here, so make a copy.
         desc["code"] = HEAPU32.slice(offset, offset + count);
 #else
         desc["code"] = HEAPU32.subarray(offset, offset + count);
 #endif
         break;
       }
       case {{{ gpu.SType.ShaderModuleWGSLDescriptor }}}: {
         var sourcePtr = {{{ makeGetValue('nextInChainPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUShaderModuleWGSLDescriptor.code, '*') }}};
         if (sourcePtr) {
           desc["code"] = UTF8ToString(sourcePtr);
         }
         break;
       }
 #if ASSERTIONS
       default: abort('unrecognized ShaderModule sType');
 #endif
     }

     var device = WebGPU._tableGet(devicePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateShaderModule();
     WebGPU._tableInsert(ptr, device.createShaderModule(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuDeviceCreateSwapChain__deps: ['emwgpuCreateSwapChain'],
   wgpuDeviceCreateSwapChain: (devicePtr, surfacePtr, descriptor) => {
     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}
     var device = WebGPU._tableGet(devicePtr);
     var context = WebGPU._tableGet(surfacePtr);

 #if ASSERTIONS
     assert({{{ gpu.PresentMode.Fifo }}} ===
       {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSwapChainDescriptor.presentMode) }}});
 #endif

     var canvasSize = [
       {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSwapChainDescriptor.width) }}},
       {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSwapChainDescriptor.height) }}}
     ];

     if (canvasSize[0] !== 0) {
       context["canvas"]["width"] = canvasSize[0];
     }

     if (canvasSize[1] !== 0) {
       context["canvas"]["height"] = canvasSize[1];
     }

     var configuration = {
       "device": device,
       "format": WebGPU.TextureFormat[
         {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSwapChainDescriptor.format) }}}],
       "usage": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSwapChainDescriptor.usage) }}},
       "alphaMode": "opaque",
     };
     context.configure(configuration);

     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateSwapChain();
     WebGPU._tableInsert(ptr, context);
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuDeviceCreateTexture__deps: ['emwgpuCreateTexture'],
   wgpuDeviceCreateTexture: (devicePtr, descriptor) => {
     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}

     var desc = {
       "label": undefined,
       "size": WebGPU.makeExtent3D(descriptor + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureDescriptor.size }}}),
       "mipLevelCount": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureDescriptor.mipLevelCount) }}},
       "sampleCount": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureDescriptor.sampleCount) }}},
       "dimension": WebGPU.TextureDimension[
         {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureDescriptor.dimension) }}}],
       "format": WebGPU.TextureFormat[
         {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureDescriptor.format) }}}],
       "usage": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureDescriptor.usage) }}},
     };
     var labelPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureDescriptor.label, '*') }}};
     if (labelPtr) desc["label"] = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);

     var viewFormatCount = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureDescriptor.viewFormatCount) }}};
     if (viewFormatCount) {
       var viewFormatsPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureDescriptor.viewFormats, '*') }}};
       // viewFormatsPtr pointer to an array of TextureFormat which is an enum of size uint32_t
       desc["viewFormats"] = Array.from({{{ makeHEAPView('32', 'viewFormatsPtr', `viewFormatsPtr + viewFormatCount * 4`) }}},
         function(format) { return WebGPU.TextureFormat[format]; });
     }

     var device = WebGPU._tableGet(devicePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateTexture();
     WebGPU._tableInsert(ptr, device.createTexture(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuDeviceDestroy: (devicePtr) => {
     WebGPU._tableGet(devicePtr).destroy()
   },

   wgpuDeviceEnumerateFeatures: (devicePtr, featuresOutPtr) => {
     var device = WebGPU._tableGet(devicePtr);
     if (featuresOutPtr !== 0) {
       var offset = 0;
       device.features.forEach(feature => {
         var featureEnumValue = WebGPU.FeatureNameString2Enum[feature];
         {{{ makeSetValue('featuresOutPtr', 'offset', 'featureEnumValue', 'i32') }}};
         offset += 4;
       });
     }
     return device.features.size;
   },

   wgpuDeviceGetLimits: (devicePtr, limitsOutPtr) => {
     var device = WebGPU._tableGet(devicePtr);
     WebGPU.fillLimitStruct(device.limits, limitsOutPtr);
     return 1;
   },

   wgpuDeviceHasFeature: (devicePtr, featureEnumValue) => {
     var device = WebGPU._tableGet(devicePtr);
     return device.features.has(WebGPU.FeatureName[featureEnumValue]);
   },

   wgpuDevicePopErrorScope__deps: ['$callUserCallback'],
   wgpuDevicePopErrorScope: (devicePtr, callback, userdata) => {
     var device = WebGPU._tableGet(devicePtr);
     {{{ runtimeKeepalivePush() }}}
     device.popErrorScope().then((gpuError) => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       callUserCallback(() => {
         if (!gpuError) {
           {{{ makeDynCall('vipp', 'callback') }}}(
             {{{ gpu.ErrorType.NoError }}}, 0, userdata);
         } else if (gpuError instanceof GPUOutOfMemoryError) {
           {{{ makeDynCall('vipp', 'callback') }}}(
             {{{ gpu.ErrorType.OutOfMemory }}}, 0, userdata);
         } else {
 #if ASSERTIONS
           // TODO: Implement GPUInternalError
           assert(gpuError instanceof GPUValidationError);
 #endif
           WebGPU.errorCallback(callback, {{{ gpu.ErrorType.Validation }}}, gpuError.message, userdata);
         }
       });
     }, (ex) => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       callUserCallback(() => {
         // TODO: This can mean either the device was lost or the error scope stack was empty. Figure
         // out how to synthesize the DeviceLost error type. (Could be by simply tracking the error
         // scope depth, but that isn't ideal.)
         WebGPU.errorCallback(callback, {{{ gpu.ErrorType.Unknown }}}, ex.message, userdata);
       });
     });
   },

   wgpuDevicePushErrorScope: (devicePtr, filter) => {
     var device = WebGPU._tableGet(devicePtr);
     device.pushErrorScope(WebGPU.ErrorFilter[filter]);
   },

   wgpuDeviceSetLabel: (devicePtr, labelPtr) => {
     var device = WebGPU._tableGet(devicePtr);
     device.label = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
   },

   // TODO(42241415) Remove this after verifying that it's not used and/or updating users.
   wgpuDeviceSetUncapturedErrorCallback__deps: ['$callUserCallback'],
   wgpuDeviceSetUncapturedErrorCallback: (devicePtr, callback, userdata) => {
     var device = WebGPU._tableGet(devicePtr);
     device.onuncapturederror = function(ev) {
       // This will skip the callback if the runtime is no longer alive.
       callUserCallback(() => {
         // WGPUErrorType type, const char* message, void* userdata
         var Validation = 0x00000001;
         var OutOfMemory = 0x00000002;
         var type;
 #if ASSERTIONS
         assert(typeof GPUValidationError != 'undefined');
         assert(typeof GPUOutOfMemoryError != 'undefined');
 #endif
         if (ev.error instanceof GPUValidationError) type = Validation;
         else if (ev.error instanceof GPUOutOfMemoryError) type = OutOfMemory;
         // TODO: Implement GPUInternalError

         WebGPU.errorCallback(callback, type, ev.error.message, userdata);
       });
     };
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of Instance
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuInstanceCreateSurface__deps: ['$findCanvasEventTarget', 'emwgpuCreateSurface'],
   wgpuInstanceCreateSurface: (instancePtr, descriptor) => {
     {{{ gpu.makeCheck('descriptor') }}}
     var nextInChainPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceDescriptor.nextInChain, '*') }}};
 #if ASSERTIONS
     assert(nextInChainPtr !== 0);
     assert({{{ gpu.SType.SurfaceDescriptorFromCanvasHTMLSelector }}} ===
       {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('nextInChainPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUChainedStruct.sType) }}});
 #endif
     var descriptorFromCanvasHTMLSelector = nextInChainPtr;

     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptorFromCanvasHTMLSelector') }}}
     var selectorPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptorFromCanvasHTMLSelector', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceDescriptorFromCanvasHTMLSelector.selector, '*') }}};
     {{{ gpu.makeCheck('selectorPtr') }}}
     var canvas = findCanvasEventTarget(selectorPtr);
 #if OFFSCREENCANVAS_SUPPORT
     if (canvas.offscreenCanvas) canvas = canvas.offscreenCanvas;
 #endif
     var context = canvas.getContext('webgpu');
 #if ASSERTIONS
     assert(context);
 #endif
     if (!context) return 0;

     var labelPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceDescriptor.label, '*') }}};
     if (labelPtr) context.surfaceLabelWebGPU = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);

     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateSurface();
     WebGPU._tableInsert(ptr, context);
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuInstanceHasWGSLLanguageFeature: (instance, featureEnumValue) => {
     if (!('wgslLanguageFeatures' in navigator["gpu"])) {
       return false;
     }
     return navigator["gpu"]["wgslLanguageFeatures"].has(WebGPU.WGSLFeatureName[featureEnumValue]);
   },

   emwgpuInstanceRequestAdapter__i53abi: false,
   emwgpuInstanceRequestAdapter__deps: ['$callUserCallback', '$stringToUTF8OnStack', 'emwgpuCreateAdapter', 'emwgpuOnRequestAdapterCompleted'],
   emwgpuInstanceRequestAdapter: (instancePtr, futureIdL, futureIdH, options) => {
     var opts;
     if (options) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('options') }}}
       opts = {
         "powerPreference": WebGPU.PowerPreference[
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('options', C_STRUCTS.WGPURequestAdapterOptions.powerPreference) }}}],
         "forceFallbackAdapter":
           {{{ gpu.makeGetBool('options', C_STRUCTS.WGPURequestAdapterOptions.forceFallbackAdapter) }}},
       };
     }

     if (!('gpu' in navigator)) {
       withStackSave(() => {
         var messagePtr = stringToUTF8OnStack('WebGPU not available on this browser (navigator.gpu is not available)');
         _emwgpuOnRequestAdapterCompleted(futureIdL, futureIdH, {{{ gpu.RequestAdapterStatus.Unavailable }}}, 0, messagePtr);
       });
       return;
     }

     {{{ runtimeKeepalivePush() }}}
     WebGPU._futureInsert(futureIdL, futureIdH, navigator["gpu"]["requestAdapter"](opts).then((adapter) => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       if (adapter) {
         var adapterPtr = _emwgpuCreateAdapter(instancePtr);
         WebGPU._tableInsert(adapterPtr, adapter);
         _emwgpuOnRequestAdapterCompleted(futureIdL, futureIdH, {{{ gpu.RequestAdapterStatus.Success }}}, adapterPtr, 0);
       } else {
         withStackSave(() => {
           var messagePtr = stringToUTF8OnStack('WebGPU not available on this browser (requestAdapter returned null)');
           _emwgpuOnRequestAdapterCompleted(futureIdL, futureIdH, {{{ gpu.RequestAdapterStatus.Unavailable }}}, 0, messagePtr);
         });
       }
       return;
     }, (ex) => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       withStackSave(() => {
         var messagePtr = stringToUTF8OnStack(ex.message);
         _emwgpuOnRequestAdapterCompleted(futureIdL, futureIdH, {{{ gpu.RequestAdapterStatus.Error }}}, 0, messagePtr);
       });
       return;
     }));
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of PipelineLayout
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuPipelineLayoutSetLabel: (pipelineLayoutPtr, labelPtr) => {
     var pipelineLayout = WebGPU._tableGet(pipelineLayoutPtr);
     pipelineLayout.label = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of QuerySet
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuQuerySetDestroy: (querySetPtr) => {
     WebGPU._tableGet(querySetPtr).destroy();
   },

   wgpuQuerySetGetCount: (querySetPtr) => {
     var querySet = WebGPU._tableGet(querySetPtr);
     return querySet.count;
   },

   wgpuQuerySetGetType: (querySetPtr, labelPtr) => {
     var querySet = WebGPU._tableGet(querySetPtr);
     return querySet.type;
   },

   wgpuQuerySetSetLabel: (querySetPtr, labelPtr) => {
     var querySet = WebGPU._tableGet(querySetPtr);
     querySet.label = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of Queue
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuQueueOnSubmittedWorkDone__deps: ['$callUserCallback'],
   wgpuQueueOnSubmittedWorkDone: (queuePtr, callback, userdata) => {
     var queue = WebGPU._tableGet(queuePtr);

     {{{ runtimeKeepalivePush() }}}
     queue.onSubmittedWorkDone().then(() => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       callUserCallback(() => {
         {{{ makeDynCall('vip', 'callback') }}}({{{ gpu.QueueWorkDoneStatus.Success }}}, userdata);
       });
     }, () => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       callUserCallback(() => {
         {{{ makeDynCall('vip', 'callback') }}}({{{ gpu.QueueWorkDoneStatus.Error }}}, userdata);
       });
     });
   },

   wgpuQueueSetLabel: (queuePtr, labelPtr) => {
     var queue = WebGPU._tableGet(queuePtr);
     queue.label = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
   },

   wgpuQueueSubmit: (queuePtr, commandCount, commands) => {
 #if ASSERTIONS
     assert(commands % 4 === 0);
 #endif
     var queue = WebGPU._tableGet(queuePtr);
     var cmds = Array.from({{{ makeHEAPView(`${POINTER_BITS}`, 'commands', `commands + commandCount * ${POINTER_SIZE}`)}}},
       (id) => WebGPU._tableGet(id));
     queue.submit(cmds);
   },

   wgpuQueueWriteBuffer: (queuePtr, bufferPtr, bufferOffset, data, size) => {
     var queue = WebGPU._tableGet(queuePtr);
     var buffer = WebGPU._tableGet(bufferPtr).object;
     // There is a size limitation for ArrayBufferView. Work around by passing in a subarray
     // instead of the whole heap. crbug.com/1201109
     var subarray = HEAPU8.subarray(data, data + size);
     queue.writeBuffer(buffer, bufferOffset, subarray, 0, size);
   },

   wgpuQueueWriteTexture: (queuePtr, destinationPtr, data, dataSize, dataLayoutPtr, writeSizePtr) => {
     var queue = WebGPU._tableGet(queuePtr);

     var destination = WebGPU.makeImageCopyTexture(destinationPtr);
     var dataLayout = WebGPU.makeTextureDataLayout(dataLayoutPtr);
     var writeSize = WebGPU.makeExtent3D(writeSizePtr);
     // This subarray isn't strictly necessary, but helps work around an issue
     // where Chromium makes a copy of the entire heap. crbug.com/1134457
     var subarray = HEAPU8.subarray(data, data + dataSize);
     queue.writeTexture(destination, subarray, dataLayout, writeSize);
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of RenderBundle
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuRenderBundleSetLabel: (bundlePtr, labelPtr) => {
     var bundle = WebGPU._tableGet(bundlePtr);
     bundle.label = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of RenderBundleEncoder
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderDraw: (passPtr, vertexCount, instanceCount, firstVertex, firstInstance) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     pass.draw(vertexCount, instanceCount, firstVertex, firstInstance);
   },

   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderDrawIndexed: (passPtr, indexCount, instanceCount, firstIndex, baseVertex, firstInstance) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     pass.drawIndexed(indexCount, instanceCount, firstIndex, baseVertex, firstInstance);
   },

   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderDrawIndexedIndirect: (passPtr, indirectBufferPtr, indirectOffset) => {
     var indirectBuffer = WebGPU._tableGet(indirectBufferPtr);
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     pass.drawIndexedIndirect(indirectBuffer, indirectOffset);
   },

   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderDrawIndirect: (passPtr, indirectBufferPtr, indirectOffset) => {
     var indirectBuffer = WebGPU._tableGet(indirectBufferPtr);
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     pass.drawIndirect(indirectBuffer, indirectOffset);
   },

   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderFinish__deps: ['emwgpuCreateRenderBundle'],
   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderFinish: (encoderPtr, descriptor) => {
     var desc;
     if (descriptor) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}
       desc = {};
       var labelPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPURenderBundleDescriptor.label, '*') }}};
       if (labelPtr) desc["label"] = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
     }
     var encoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateRenderBundle();
     WebGPU._tableInsert(ptr, encoder.finish(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderInsertDebugMarker: (encoderPtr, markerLabelPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     encoder.insertDebugMarker(UTF8ToString(markerLabelPtr));
   },

   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderPopDebugGroup: (encoderPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     encoder.popDebugGroup();
   },

   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderPushDebugGroup: (encoderPtr, groupLabelPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     encoder.pushDebugGroup(UTF8ToString(groupLabelPtr));
   },

   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderSetBindGroup: (passPtr, groupIndex, groupPtr, dynamicOffsetCount, dynamicOffsetsPtr) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     var group = WebGPU._tableGet(groupPtr);
     if (dynamicOffsetCount == 0) {
       pass.setBindGroup(groupIndex, group);
     } else {
       var offsets = [];
       for (var i = 0; i < dynamicOffsetCount; i++, dynamicOffsetsPtr += 4) {
         offsets.push({{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dynamicOffsetsPtr', 0) }}});
       }
       pass.setBindGroup(groupIndex, group, offsets);
     }
   },

   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderSetIndexBuffer: (passPtr, bufferPtr, format, offset, size) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     var buffer = WebGPU._tableGet(bufferPtr).object;
     {{{ gpu.convertSentinelToUndefined('size') }}}
     pass.setIndexBuffer(buffer, WebGPU.IndexFormat[format], offset, size);
   },

   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderSetLabel: (passPtr, labelPtr) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     pass.label = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
   },

   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderSetPipeline: (passPtr, pipelinePtr) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     var pipeline = WebGPU._tableGet(pipelinePtr);
     pass.setPipeline(pipeline);
   },

   wgpuRenderBundleEncoderSetVertexBuffer: (passPtr, slot, bufferPtr, offset, size) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     var buffer = WebGPU._tableGet(bufferPtr).object;
     {{{ gpu.convertSentinelToUndefined('size') }}}
     pass.setVertexBuffer(slot, buffer, offset, size);
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of RenderPassEncoder
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderBeginOcclusionQuery: (passPtr, queryIndex) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     pass.beginOcclusionQuery(queryIndex);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderDraw: (passPtr, vertexCount, instanceCount, firstVertex, firstInstance) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     pass.draw(vertexCount, instanceCount, firstVertex, firstInstance);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderDrawIndexed: (passPtr, indexCount, instanceCount, firstIndex, baseVertex, firstInstance) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     pass.drawIndexed(indexCount, instanceCount, firstIndex, baseVertex, firstInstance);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderDrawIndexedIndirect: (passPtr, indirectBufferPtr, indirectOffset) => {
     var indirectBuffer = WebGPU._tableGet(indirectBufferPtr);
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     pass.drawIndexedIndirect(indirectBuffer, indirectOffset);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderDrawIndirect: (passPtr, indirectBufferPtr, indirectOffset) => {
     var indirectBuffer = WebGPU._tableGet(indirectBufferPtr);
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     pass.drawIndirect(indirectBuffer, indirectOffset);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderEnd: (encoderPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     encoder.end();
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderEndOcclusionQuery: (passPtr) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     pass.endOcclusionQuery();
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderExecuteBundles: (passPtr, count, bundlesPtr) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);

 #if ASSERTIONS
     assert(bundlesPtr % 4 === 0);
 #endif

     var bundles = Array.from({{{ makeHEAPView(`${POINTER_BITS}`, 'bundlesPtr', `bundlesPtr + count * ${POINTER_SIZE}`) }}},
       (id) => WebGPU._tableGet(id));
     pass.executeBundles(bundles);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderInsertDebugMarker: (encoderPtr, markerLabelPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     encoder.insertDebugMarker(UTF8ToString(markerLabelPtr));
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderPopDebugGroup: (encoderPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     encoder.popDebugGroup();
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderPushDebugGroup: (encoderPtr, groupLabelPtr) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     encoder.pushDebugGroup(UTF8ToString(groupLabelPtr));
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetBindGroup: (passPtr, groupIndex, groupPtr, dynamicOffsetCount, dynamicOffsetsPtr) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     var group = WebGPU._tableGet(groupPtr);
     if (dynamicOffsetCount == 0) {
       pass.setBindGroup(groupIndex, group);
     } else {
       var offsets = [];
       for (var i = 0; i < dynamicOffsetCount; i++, dynamicOffsetsPtr += 4) {
         offsets.push({{{ gpu.makeGetU32('dynamicOffsetsPtr', 0) }}});
       }
       pass.setBindGroup(groupIndex, group, offsets);
     }
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetBlendConstant: (passPtr, colorPtr) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     var color = WebGPU.makeColor(colorPtr);
     pass.setBlendConstant(color);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetIndexBuffer: (passPtr, bufferPtr, format, offset, size) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     var buffer = WebGPU._tableGet(bufferPtr).object;
     {{{ gpu.convertSentinelToUndefined('size') }}}
     pass.setIndexBuffer(buffer, WebGPU.IndexFormat[format], offset, size);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetLabel: (passPtr, labelPtr) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     pass.label = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetPipeline: (passPtr, pipelinePtr) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     var pipeline = WebGPU._tableGet(pipelinePtr);
     pass.setPipeline(pipeline);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetScissorRect: (passPtr, x, y, w, h) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     pass.setScissorRect(x, y, w, h);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetStencilReference: (passPtr, reference) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     pass.setStencilReference(reference);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetVertexBuffer: (passPtr, slot, bufferPtr, offset, size) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     var buffer = WebGPU._tableGet(bufferPtr).object;
     {{{ gpu.convertSentinelToUndefined('size') }}}
     pass.setVertexBuffer(slot, buffer, offset, size);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetViewport: (passPtr, x, y, w, h, minDepth, maxDepth) => {
     var pass = WebGPU._tableGet(passPtr);
     pass.setViewport(x, y, w, h, minDepth, maxDepth);
   },

   wgpuRenderPassEncoderWriteTimestamp: (encoderPtr, querySetPtr, queryIndex) => {
     var encoder = WebGPU._tableGet(encoderPtr);
     var querySet = WebGPU._tableGet(querySetPtr);
     encoder.writeTimestamp(querySet, queryIndex);
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of RenderPipeline
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuRenderPipelineGetBindGroupLayout__deps: ['emwgpuCreateBindGroupLayout'],
   wgpuRenderPipelineGetBindGroupLayout: (pipelinePtr, groupIndex) => {
     var pipeline = WebGPU._tableGet(pipelinePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateBindGroupLayout();
     WebGPU._tableInsert(ptr, pipeline.getBindGroupLayout(groupIndex));
   },

   wgpuRenderPipelineSetLabel: (pipelinePtr, labelPtr) => {
     var pipeline = WebGPU._tableGet(pipelinePtr);
     pipeline.label = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of Sampler
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuSamplerSetLabel: (samplerPtr, labelPtr) => {
     var sampler = WebGPU._tableGet(samplerPtr);
     sampler.label = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of ShaderModule
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuShaderModuleGetCompilationInfo__deps: ['$callUserCallback', '$stringToUTF8', '$lengthBytesUTF8', 'malloc', 'free'],
   wgpuShaderModuleGetCompilationInfo: (shaderModulePtr, callback, userdata) => {
     var shaderModule = WebGPU._tableGet(shaderModulePtr);
     {{{ runtimeKeepalivePush() }}}
     shaderModule.getCompilationInfo().then((compilationInfo) => {
       {{{ runtimeKeepalivePop() }}}
       callUserCallback(() => {
         var compilationMessagesPtr = _malloc({{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationMessage.__size__ }}} * compilationInfo.messages.length);
         var messageStringPtrs = []; // save these to free later
         for (var i = 0; i < compilationInfo.messages.length; ++i) {
           var compilationMessage = compilationInfo.messages[i];
           var compilationMessagePtr = compilationMessagesPtr + {{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationMessage.__size__ }}} * i;
           var messageSize = lengthBytesUTF8(compilationMessage.message) + 1;
           var messagePtr = _malloc(messageSize);
           messageStringPtrs.push(messagePtr);
           stringToUTF8(compilationMessage.message, messagePtr, messageSize);
           {{{ makeSetValue('compilationMessagePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationMessage.message, 'messagePtr', '*') }}};
           {{{ makeSetValue('compilationMessagePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationMessage.type, 'WebGPU.Int_CompilationMessageType[compilationMessage.type]', 'i32') }}};
           {{{ makeSetValue('compilationMessagePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationMessage.lineNum, 'compilationMessage.lineNum', 'i64') }}};
           {{{ makeSetValue('compilationMessagePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationMessage.linePos, 'compilationMessage.linePos', 'i64') }}};
           {{{ makeSetValue('compilationMessagePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationMessage.offset, 'compilationMessage.offset', 'i64') }}};
           {{{ makeSetValue('compilationMessagePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationMessage.length, 'compilationMessage.length', 'i64') }}};
           // TODO: Convert JavaScript's UTF-16-code-unit offsets to UTF-8-code-unit offsets.
           // https://github.com/webgpu-native/webgpu-headers/issues/246
           {{{ makeSetValue('compilationMessagePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationMessage.utf16LinePos, 'compilationMessage.linePos', 'i64') }}};
           {{{ makeSetValue('compilationMessagePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationMessage.utf16Offset, 'compilationMessage.offset', 'i64') }}};
           {{{ makeSetValue('compilationMessagePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationMessage.utf16Length, 'compilationMessage.length', 'i64') }}};
         }
         var compilationInfoPtr = _malloc({{{ C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationInfo.__size__ }}});
         {{{ makeSetValue('compilationInfoPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationInfo.messageCount, 'compilationInfo.messages.length', '*') }}}
         {{{ makeSetValue('compilationInfoPtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUCompilationInfo.messages, 'compilationMessagesPtr', '*') }}};

         {{{ makeDynCall('vipp', 'callback') }}}({{{ gpu.CompilationInfoRequestStatus.Success }}}, compilationInfoPtr, userdata);

         messageStringPtrs.forEach((ptr) => {
           _free(ptr);
         });
         _free(compilationMessagesPtr);
         _free(compilationInfoPtr);
       });
     });
   },

   wgpuShaderModuleSetLabel: (shaderModulePtr, labelPtr) => {
     var shaderModule = WebGPU._tableGet(shaderModulePtr);
     shaderModule.label = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of Surface
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuSurfaceConfigure: (surfacePtr, config) => {
     {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('config') }}}
     var devicePtr = {{{ makeGetValue('config', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceConfiguration.device, '*') }}};
     var context = WebGPU._tableGet(surfacePtr);

 #if ASSERTIONS
     var viewFormatCount = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('config', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceConfiguration.viewFormatCount) }}};
     var viewFormats = {{{ makeGetValue('config', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceConfiguration.viewFormats, '*') }}};
     assert(viewFormatCount === 0 && viewFormats === 0, "TODO: Support viewFormats.");
     var alphaMode = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('config', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceConfiguration.alphaMode) }}};
     assert(alphaMode === {{{ gpu.CompositeAlphaMode.Auto }}} ||
       alphaMode === {{{ gpu.CompositeAlphaMode.Opaque }}},
       "TODO: Support WGPUCompositeAlphaMode_Premultiplied.");
     assert({{{ gpu.PresentMode.Fifo }}} ===
       {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('config', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceConfiguration.presentMode) }}});
 #endif

     var canvasSize = [
       {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('config', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceConfiguration.width) }}},
       {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('config', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceConfiguration.height) }}}
     ];

     if (canvasSize[0] !== 0) {
       context["canvas"]["width"] = canvasSize[0];
     }

     if (canvasSize[1] !== 0) {
       context["canvas"]["height"] = canvasSize[1];
     }

     var configuration = {
       "device": WebGPU._tableGet(devicePtr),
       "format": WebGPU.TextureFormat[
         {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('config', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceConfiguration.format) }}}],
       "usage": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('config', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceConfiguration.usage) }}},
       "alphaMode": "opaque",
     };
     context.configure(configuration);
   },

   wgpuSurfaceGetCurrentTexture__deps: ['emwgpuCreateTexture'],
   wgpuSurfaceGetCurrentTexture: (surfacePtr, surfaceTexturePtr) => {
     {{{ gpu.makeCheck('surfaceTexturePtr') }}}
     var context = WebGPU._tableGet(surfacePtr);

     try {
       var texturePtr = _emwgpuCreateTexture();
       WebGPU._tableInsert(texturePtr, context.getCurrentTexture());
       {{{ makeSetValue('surfaceTexturePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceTexture.texture, 'texturePtr', '*') }}};
       {{{ makeSetValue('surfaceTexturePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceTexture.suboptimal, '0', 'i32') }}};
       {{{ makeSetValue('surfaceTexturePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceTexture.status,
         gpu.SurfaceGetCurrentTextureStatus.Success, 'i32') }}};
     } catch (ex) {
 #if ASSERTIONS
       err(`wgpuSurfaceGetCurrentTexture() failed: ${ex}`);
 #endif
       {{{ makeSetValue('surfaceTexturePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceTexture.texture, '0', '*') }}};
       {{{ makeSetValue('surfaceTexturePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceTexture.suboptimal, '0', 'i32') }}};
       // TODO(https://github.com/webgpu-native/webgpu-headers/issues/291): What should the status be here?
       {{{ makeSetValue('surfaceTexturePtr', C_STRUCTS.WGPUSurfaceTexture.status,
         gpu.SurfaceGetCurrentTextureStatus.DeviceLost, 'i32') }}};
     }
   },

   wgpuSurfaceGetPreferredFormat: (surfacePtr, adapterPtr) => {
     var format = navigator["gpu"]["getPreferredCanvasFormat"]();
     return WebGPU.Int_PreferredFormat[format];
   },

   wgpuSurfacePresent: (surfacePtr) => {
     // TODO: This could probably be emulated with ASYNCIFY.
     abort('wgpuSurfacePresent is unsupported (use requestAnimationFrame via html5.h instead)');
   },

   wgpuSurfaceUnconfigure: (surfacePtr) => {
     var context = WebGPU._tableGet(surfacePtr);
     context.unconfigure();
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of SwapChain
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuSwapChainGetCurrentTexture__deps: ['emwgpuCreateTexture'],
   wgpuSwapChainGetCurrentTexture: (swapChainPtr) => {
     var context = WebGPU._tableGet(swapChainPtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateTexture();
     WebGPU._tableInsert(ptr, context.getCurrentTexture());
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuSwapChainGetCurrentTextureView__deps: ['emwgpuCreateTextureView'],
   wgpuSwapChainGetCurrentTextureView: (swapChainPtr) => {
     var context = WebGPU._tableGet(swapChainPtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateTextureView();
     WebGPU._tableInsert(ptr, context.getCurrentTexture().createView());
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuSwapChainPresent: (swapChainPtr) => {
     // TODO: This could probably be emulated with ASYNCIFY.
     abort('wgpuSwapChainPresent is unsupported (use requestAnimationFrame via html5.h instead)');
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of Texture
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuTextureCreateView__deps: ['emwgpuCreateTextureView'],
   wgpuTextureCreateView: (texturePtr, descriptor) => {
     var desc;
     if (descriptor) {
       {{{ gpu.makeCheckDescriptor('descriptor') }}}
       var mipLevelCount = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureViewDescriptor.mipLevelCount) }}};
       var arrayLayerCount = {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureViewDescriptor.arrayLayerCount) }}};
       desc = {
         "format": WebGPU.TextureFormat[
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureViewDescriptor.format) }}}],
         "dimension": WebGPU.TextureViewDimension[
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureViewDescriptor.dimension) }}}],
         "baseMipLevel": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureViewDescriptor.baseMipLevel) }}},
         "mipLevelCount": mipLevelCount === {{{ gpu.MIP_LEVEL_COUNT_UNDEFINED }}} ? undefined : mipLevelCount,
         "baseArrayLayer": {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureViewDescriptor.baseArrayLayer) }}},
         "arrayLayerCount": arrayLayerCount === {{{ gpu.ARRAY_LAYER_COUNT_UNDEFINED }}} ? undefined : arrayLayerCount,
         "aspect": WebGPU.TextureAspect[
           {{{ gpu.makeGetU32('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureViewDescriptor.aspect) }}}],
       };
       var labelPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('descriptor', C_STRUCTS.WGPUTextureViewDescriptor.label, '*') }}};
       if (labelPtr) desc["label"] = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
     }

     var texture = WebGPU._tableGet(texturePtr);
     var ptr = _emwgpuCreateTextureView();
     WebGPU._tableInsert(ptr, texture.createView(desc));
     return ptr;
   },

   wgpuTextureDestroy: (texturePtr) => {
     WebGPU._tableGet(texturePtr).destroy();
   },

   wgpuTextureGetDepthOrArrayLayers: (texturePtr) => {
     var texture = WebGPU._tableGet(texturePtr);
     return texture.depthOrArrayLayers;
   },

   wgpuTextureGetDimension: (texturePtr) => {
     var texture = WebGPU._tableGet(texturePtr);
     return WebGPU.TextureDimension.indexOf(texture.dimension);
   },

   wgpuTextureGetFormat: (texturePtr) => {
     var texture = WebGPU._tableGet(texturePtr);
     // Should return the enum integer instead of string.
     return WebGPU.TextureFormat.indexOf(texture.format);
   },

   wgpuTextureGetHeight: (texturePtr) => {
     var texture = WebGPU._tableGet(texturePtr);
     return texture.height;
   },

   wgpuTextureGetMipLevelCount: (texturePtr) => {
     var texture = WebGPU._tableGet(texturePtr);
     return texture.mipLevelCount;
   },

   wgpuTextureGetSampleCount: (texturePtr) => {
     var texture = WebGPU._tableGet(texturePtr);
     return texture.sampleCount;
   },

   wgpuTextureGetUsage: (texturePtr) => {
     var texture = WebGPU._tableGet(texturePtr);
     return texture.usage;
   },

   wgpuTextureGetWidth: (texturePtr) => {
     var texture = WebGPU._tableGet(texturePtr);
     return texture.width;
   },

   wgpuTextureSetLabel: (texturePtr, labelPtr) => {
     var texture = WebGPU._tableGet(texturePtr);
     texture.label = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
   },

   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Methods of TextureView
   // --------------------------------------------------------------------------

   wgpuTextureViewSetLabel: (textureViewPtr, labelPtr) => {
     var textureView = WebGPU._tableGet(textureViewPtr);
     textureView.label = UTF8ToString(labelPtr);
   },
 };

 // Inverted index used by EnumerateFeatures/HasFeature
 LibraryWebGPU.$WebGPU.FeatureNameString2Enum = {};
 for (var value in LibraryWebGPU.$WebGPU.FeatureName) {
   LibraryWebGPU.$WebGPU.FeatureNameString2Enum[LibraryWebGPU.$WebGPU.FeatureName[value]] = value;
 }

 for (const key of Object.keys(LibraryWebGPU)) {
   if (typeof LibraryWebGPU[key] === 'function') {
     if (!(key + '__i53abi' in LibraryWebGPU)) {
       LibraryWebGPU[key + '__i53abi'] = true;
     }
   }
 }

 autoAddDeps(LibraryWebGPU, '$WebGPU');
 mergeInto(LibraryManager.library, LibraryWebGPU);